1. Patronage & Power

3. Map of Europe with Flanders and Italy

5. Timeline for the Italian Renaissance
: Black Death ravages Europe
: Boccaccio at the height of his career
: Chaucer inspired by Boccaccio, writes Canterbury Tales
1410: Medici Bank loans money to Baldasare Cossa
: Brunelleschi designs and supervises construction of Florence’s domed cathedral
1435: Donatello make the David; Medici become de facto rulers of Florence
1494: Medici flee Florence
1504: Michelangelo creates his David
1513: Medici re-capture Florence and control the papacy

6. Humanism 1300-1600 Portrait of a Humanist by Giovanni Bellini c. 1490

7. Italy: The Seedbed of Literary Humanism

9. Dante Alighieri

10. Often referred to as the first humanist
Francesco Petrarch
Often referred to as the first humanist

11. Giovanni Boccaccio
Florentine poet and scholar who became close friends with Petrarch
The son of a merchant, he spent much of his youth at the court of Naples, where he developed an interest in chivalric literature and love poetry

12. Discuss Boccaccio
How did the Decameron reflect the culture that produced it?

13. Why do you think Boccaccio regretted writing this book when he was older?
Maybe he suffered from grumpy old man syndrome
His tastes changes as he became more learned and erudite
He began to take himself too seriously
I do not have the foggiest idea
Something else

14. How did the Decameron differ from Beowulf?
It embraced religious toleration, and Beowulf did not
It did not depict sinfulness and its effects, but Beowulf did
It had no hero
It depicted a broader spectrum of society
It had more female characters

15. Final Exam Short answer Question
Explain how Boccaccio’s Decameron reflected the changing nature of social relations in the 1300s.

16. Lorenzo Valla 1407-1457 Treatise on Donation of Constantine c. 1440
Poet, philosopher, literary critic
Master of classical rhetoric and grammar
Worked in court of Alfonso of Naples in 1430s before becoming a papal secretary

17. Machiavelli
Self taught for the most part, this Florentine thinker was highly original in his political ideas
Later in life he fell afoul of the Florentine oligarchy and was tortured
His views on politics are still widely controversial today

18. Pico Della Mirandola,
How did Pico’s “Oration” differ from the Decameron in its attitude toward humanity?

19. Erasmus 1466-1536 Translated the New Testament from Greek to Latin c
Erasmus Translated the New Testament from Greek to Latin c Coined the phrase the philosophy of Christ

20. Thomas More described an ideal society in Utopia by Hans Holbein the Younger c. 1527

21. Henry VIII
By Hans Holbein
c. 1536

22. William Shakespeare

23. They recognized that art could increase the awareness of humanity
Why did Renaissance rulers spend so much money on patronizing the arts?
They recognized that art could increase the awareness of humanity
They were intent on creating more beautiful world to live in
They thought such patronage could increase their prestige
They had very little else to do with all their money

24. Renaissance Prince Ludovico Sforza 1452-1508

25. Sforza’s father was a mercenary captain before he became the Duke of Milan

26. Emperor Rudolf II r

27. Rudolf as Vertumnus Roman god of seasons by Arcimboldo c. 1591

28. What messages could patronage send to society?
The ruler was wise
The ruler was generous
The ruler was pious/religious
The ruler was favored by God
The ruler ensured God’s favor

29. Giovanni di Bici de Medici 1360-1349

30. Baldassare Cossa anti-Pope John XXIII 1370-1419

32. Cosimo de Medici

33. Donatello’s David 1434 Early Renaissance Sculpture

34. Filippo Brunelleschi 1377-1446

35. Brunelleschi’s Dome Cathedral of Florence

36. The Pantheon

37. Byzantine Architecture: Hagia Sophia

38. French Gothic at St. Chapelle

41. Il Magnifico Lorenzo de Medici

42. Leonardo’s Angel Oil on wood 1472-5

43. Michelangelo Tomb of Lorenzo de Medici

44. Sandro Botticelli

46. Primavera c. 1482

47. Birth of Venus c. 1485

48. Savonarola anti Medici Coup 1494

49. Bonfire of the Vanities

50. Niccolò Machiavelli

51. Michelangelo Buonarroti David 1501-4

52. Pope Leo X (Giovanni de Medici) with Future Pope Clement VII (Julio de Medici)

53. Alessandro de Medici

54. Discuss Boccaccio
How does it differ from chivalric literature, such as the Tale of Yonec?
Why was this work not high medieval in terms of its religious orientation?
How do the stories convey a middle-class perspective?
What parts of society did the Decameron’s characters include?

55. Discuss Boccaccio
Based on what you have read so far, for whom did Boccaccio write this book and why?
How does it differ from Beowulf or the readings from the High Middle Ages?
How does it reflect the culture that produced it?