1. Why Waste?!

2. TRAINING COURSE SYLABUS
Introduction
International and Regional Agreement, Convention, Accord, and Standard on Waste Management
Auditing Approaches on Waste Management
Providing Some Palpable Waste Auditing Instances with Focus on Iran’s Experience

3. The Main Objectives of This Session
This session provided some information about the:
Concept of waste and its definition according to international convention;
Global opportunities and challenges related to waste;

4. SUSTAINBLE DEVELOPMENT AND WASTE

5. THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
RESOURC
WASTE
The total energy and material of an isolated system is constant; they can be transformed from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed.

6. WASTE AND RISKS OF AIR POLLUTION

7. Greenhouse Gases:
Incinerators routinely emit dioxin, furans and polychlorinated by-phenyls, which are deadly toxin, causing cancer…
Decay of the organic fraction of solid waste contributes about 5% of global greenhouse gases.

9. PLASTC WASTE AND OCEAN

10. Nearly 200 different species of sea life including whales, dolphins, seals , and turtle die due to plastic bags.

11. WASTE AND RISKS OF WATER POLLUTION

12. WASTE AND LANDFILLED’S LEACHATE

13. WASTE AS A THREAT FOR NATIONAL SECURITY
Outbreak of the plague in London(1665)

14. WASTE AS A THREAT FOR NATIONAL SECURITY

15. E- Waste as Newborn Problem
The composition of e-waste is very diverse and differs in products across different categories .
It contains more than a 1000 different substances, which fall under ‘hazardous’ and ‘non-hazardous’ categories.
Iron and steel constitutes about 50%, followed by plastics (21%), non ferrous metals (13%) and other constituents.

16. By 2017, the global volume of discarded refrigerators, TVs, cell phones, computers, monitors and other electronic waste will weigh almost as much as Empire State Buildings, a new report predicts.
Between 50% to 80% of e- waste collected for recycling in developed countries each year is being exported.

17. What is Waste?

18. According to Basel Convention:
‘substance or objects which are disposed of or intended to be disposed of or are required to be disposed of by the provisions of national law’.

19. Could you consider smoke’s emission of factories or swage as some sort of waste?

20. Waste Generation:
Every year, an estimated 1.3 billion tons of solid waste is collected worldwide.

21. Wood Cycle

22. Wood Chip

23. Producing MDF

24. Composting

25. Producing Paper

26. Use as Fuel

27. Waste to Raw Material

28. Market Size:
The global waste market, from collection to recycling is estimated at US$410 billion a year, not including the sizable informal segment in developing countries.

29. Employment:
The proportion of people employed in waste-related recovery activities in European increased from 422 persons per million inhabitants in 2000, to 611 in 2007, an increase of 45%.

30. Definition of Waste by United Nations Statics Division (UNSD, 2012) :
‘wastes are materials that are not prime product, that is product produced for the market 0 for which the generator has no further use in term of his/ her own purpose of production, transformation, or consumption, and of which he/she want to dispose’.

31. Food Waste :
According to FAO, about one third of global food production (30% to 40%) is lost or wasted every years.

35. A cow release between 70 to 120 kg of methane per years
A cow release between 70 to kg of methane per years. Methane is 23 times more effective than carbon dioxide keeping heat in the atmosphere.
Every dairy cow drinks average of 20 gallons of water per days.
A cow will eat 2 to 2.5 pounds of hay per day for each pounds of body weight

36. As auditor, why should you be introduced with waste related issues?
What is the relationship between SAI’s auditing duty and waste’s related issue?
Which kinds of audit is the most suitable one for dealing to waste?

37. THANK YOU