1. Introduction to Management Information Systems BUS 3620
Why should you study information systems?
How can individuals make better use of technology?
How does an organization use information systems?
What makes up an information system?
What are some career opportunities?
What are some ethical challenges?
Gerhard Steinke

2. Core Drivers
Data - Raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object ( )
Information - Data converted into a meaningful and useful context (student birthdate)
Knowledge - Skills, experience, and expertise coupled with information and intelligence that creates intellectual resources…wisdom (graduate student)
Knowledge worker – Individual valued for their ability to interpret and analyze information

3. Business Intelligence (BI) / Big Data
Business intelligence - Information collected from within the organization and from sources such as suppliers, customers, competitors, partners,…to find patterns, trends, and relationships for strategic decision making
Big Data - collection of data sets so large and complex that it becomes difficult to process using current database management tools... The challenges include capture, curation, storage, search, sharing, transfer, analysis, and visualization. (Wikipedia!)

4. IS High Level Titles Roles and Responsibilities
Chief information officer (CIO) – Oversees all uses of IT and ensures the strategic alignment of IT with business goals and objectives
Chief technology officer (CTO) – Responsible for ensuring the throughput, speed, accuracy, availability, and reliability of IT
Chief security officer (CSO) – Responsible for ensuring the security of IT systems
Chief privacy officer (CPO) – Responsible for ensuring the ethical and legal use of information

5. Career Opportunities in IS
Positive outlook
New Applications
New Technologies
Outsourcing concerns
Shortage of qualified
workers

6. Five Competitive Strategies: Can you use IT in each area?
Cost Leadership
Become low-cost producers
Help suppliers or customers reduce costs
Differentiation Strategy
Develop ways to differentiate a firm’s products from its competitors
Innovation Strategy
Find new ways of doing business -unique products, services, markets
Growth Strategy
Expand company’s capacity to produce, expand into global markets
Alliance Strategy
Establish linkages and alliances with customers, suppliers, competitors, consultants and other companies

7. The Competitive Advantage of IT
Does IT Matter?
No:
Nicholas Carr argues that IT is infrastructure like electricity
Too commonplace to get competitive advantage
Yes:
IT is not just networks and computers
The important part is the software and information and how IT is used
Compare different websites…

8. Infrastructure - Computer Hardware
Gerhard Steinke
History of computers
Types of computer systems
Hardware components and functions
Bits and bytes
Selection criteria

9. Categories of Computers
Super Computers
Mainframes (with dumb terminals)
Servers - Virtual Servers
Microcomputers / Desktop / Laptop
1979, Apple computer
1982, IBM PC
Handheld
Smart Phone / Tablet
Wearables

10. Computer Hardware Functions
Input
Keyboard, mouse, optical scanner, touch screen, pen-based, speech recognition, optical character recognition (OCR), magnetic strips, card reader, digital camera, magnetic ink character recognition (MICR)
Processing
Output
Monitor, printer, voice response system, signal

11. Computer Storage RAM Solid State Drive Flash Drive Hard drive (RAID)
CD,DVD
Tape

12. Computer Processing Speeds
Millisecond – thousandth of a second
Microsecond – millionth of a second
Nanosecond – billionth of a second
Clock speed of the computer:
Megahertz (MHz) – millions of cycles per second
Gigahertz (GHz) – billions of cycles per second

13. Moore’s Law - Computer power will double every 18 to 24 months

14. Bits and Bytes Bit - Either zero or one
Byte - Group of eight bits - one character

15. Measuring Storage Capacities
Kilobyte (KB): 1024 bytes (210)
Megabyte (MB): one million bytes (220)
Gigabyte (GB): one billion bytes (230)
Terabyte (TB): one trillion bytes (240)
Petabyte (PB): one quadrillion bytes (250)
Exabyte (EB): 260 bytes
Zettabyte (ZB): 270 bytes

16. Radio Frequency Identification - RFID
Tag and identify mobile objects
E.g., merchandise, packages, pets
Use RFID chips to transmit and receive radio signals
Chips half the size of a grain of sand
Passive chips:
do not have power source and derive power from signal in reader
Active chips:
Self-powered

17. Cloud Computing

18. Hardware Evaluation buy/lease quality support, warranty performance
cost
reliability
footprint
compatibility
upgradeability
technology
ergonomics
environmental requirements
Software
Ethical Issues

19. Business Continuity / Disaster Recovery

20. Infrastructure – Computer Software Gerhard Steinke
Application Software
Systems Software - Operating Systems
Programming Languages
Software Trends
Impact on Organizations

21. Application Software Word Processing Project Management
Desktop Publishing
Presentation
Spreadsheet
DBMS
Graphics
(Outlook, Exchange)
Instant messaging (IM)
Educational
Mobile apps
Project Management
Accounting
Mapping - GIS
CAD/CAM
Groupware
Scheduling
Tax
Blog
Games
Web/Mobile apps

22. System Software: - Operating System software
Programs that
Manage the operations of the computer
Control the input/output, storage resources and activities of the computer system

23. Popular Operating Systems
Microsoft
Windows XP, 7, Windows 8, 10
Apple
iPhone 6 – iOS 9
MAC OS X – El Capitan
Unix, Linux
Can run on mainframes, servers and PCs
Open-source
Android 6.0 Marshmallow

24. Programming Languages https://www. udemy
Python
Java
C++ C C#
PHP
Ruby
Basic
Cobol
Fortran
HTML

25. Software Classifications
Custom software
Software applications that are developed for use by an organization
COTS software - Commercial Off-the-shelf (COTS)
Software developed with the intention of selling the software in multiple copies
Apps
Thousands available, e.g.,
Application service providers (ASPs)
Companies that own, operate and maintain application software
Pay-as-you-go

26. Software Trends Web/Mobile apps
Custom designed to COTS (Commercial off the Shelf)
Individual applications to bundled (suites)
Text to Graphical User Interfaces / wizards
From machine dependent to machine independent
to Web-based Interface – Browsers
E.g., Microsoft Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera, Mozilla, Safari, Chrome, Microsoft E____
Web/Mobile apps

27. What do you need to know? Create software or just use software?
Select software to match needs
Integrate software into organization
Software licensing
Software quality – testing concerns
Purchase/lease software? Warranty?
How does software influence organization?
Possibilities
Constraints
Cost – new, upgrade, maintenance

28. Software Ethical Issues
Copying software, piracy
New versions all the time
Software that does more than you expect
Quality - Expectation/toleration of software bugs and errors?
12/22/3200-wa-prisoners-incorrectly- released-early-since-2002/ /
How long should software be supported?
Who should test software?

29. Data Management Gerhard Steinke4
Data Management Gerhard Steinke
Data Concepts, Requirements
Database Management
Types of Databases
Data Warehouse, Data Mining

30. What do we Need from Data/Information?
Accuracy
Reliability
Consistency
Security
Availability
Single source
Reduced data redundancy
Web accessible

31. Database Management Approach
Single User databases
Microsoft Access
Client/Server, Multi-user
Oracle
Microsoft SQL Server
IBM DB2
Open-source MySQL

32. Fundamental Data Components
Character
Field
Represents an attribute (a characteristic or quality) of some entity (object, person, place or event)
Record
Key field
Table
Database
Database Management System – DBMS
Interface between user and data

33. Access Example Tables Relationships Forms Reports Query
define field characteristics, primary key
Relationships
showing connections between tables
Check for referential Integrity …an entry must exist in a different table?
Forms
used to enter data
Reports
used to present data
Query
Selection of the data (sequence may be important)

34. Queries –SQL Language, Graphical

35. Data Warehouse
Stores data that has been extracted from operational, external and other databases
Data has been cleaned, transformed and cataloged
Used by managers and professionals for
Data mining,
Online analytical processing,
Business analysis,
Market research,
Decision support
Data mart is subset of warehouse for specific use of department

36. Data Mining
Data in data warehouse is analyzed to reveal hidden patterns and trends
Examples:
Perform market-basket analysis to identify new business opportunities / processes
Find root causes to quality problems
Cross sell to existing customers
Profile customers with more accuracy

37. Data Resource Management
Data Administrator - Managerial activity
Database Administrator (DBA) – more technical, database setup
Data Issues:
Value of data
Challenge of managing data
Data collecting
Data storage
Data privacy
Data security
Data mining
Data owner
Web-based access

38. Telecommunications & Networks Gerhard Steinke
Identify trends in telecommunication networks.
Identify basic components, functions and types of networks.
Examine network management issues.

39. We Live in a Networked World…
Telecommunications: The exchange of information over networks
Why?
Share data - Between computers: , file-sharing, backup
Share peripheral devices – Printers, storage
Local (LAN)
Wide Area Networks (WAN)
Internet
Mainframe
Server
Networked Workgroups
Clients
POS
Work Station
WAN
Communications
Services
Local
Manager
Products
Laptop
BUS 3620

40. Network Components Internet Provider (ISP) Wireless Access Point
Firewall
Router
Switch
Hub
Hub
Switch
Clients
Repeater
Network Interface Card (NIC)
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41. Physical Transmission Media
Twisted Pair - similar to phone wire
Fiber Optics
glass/plastic fiber
using light
greater bandwidth
lower attenuation - greater
repeater spacing
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42. Wireless Transmission Media
Satellite – microwave signals
HEO - 22,000 mi. up, LEO mi. up
Cellular – radio signals to cell towers
Wireless – IEEE b,a,g,n,…
Speeds to 54 Mbps or more
Bluetooth
Microwave – line of sight
BUS 3620

43. Wireless Technology Advantages Disadvantages
Don’t need cabling
Good for
mobility
historical buildings
manufacturing environments
real time inventory
hand held devices
Lower speeds
Higher cost
Security?
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44. Client/Server Networks
Some computers are servers – usually more powerful, expensive,…
Single point of failure – server is down…
Need administrator, account management,…
Purpose: , Database, File, Print, Application, Web servers,…
The rest are clients
can be smaller and/or slower
BUS 3620

45. Network Management Tasks
Manage user accounts
Manage performance
Assigning priorities
Detecting and correcting errors
Installing cables, wireless access points
Traffic, security, capacity planning,…
Often responsible for hardware including routers, switches, firewalls…maybe even servers and storage
BUS 3620

46. Network Management Model
Backup & Restore
Media Control & Storage
Data Management
Data Collection
Remote Store Mgmt.
Security Administration
User/Group Administration
Network Configuration
System Config.
Data
Management
Administration
Problem
Asset
Planning &
Scheduling
Integrated
Control
Software Licensing
Distribution & Control
Employee Profile
Resource Accounting
Charge back Services
Inventory Control
Fault Reporting
Problem Escalation
Resolution Assessment
Help Desk Facilities
Workload Scheduling
Performance Monitoring
Performance Analysis
Capacity Planning
BUS 3620

47. ISP / VoIP ISP - Internet Service Provider VoIP - Voice over IP
A company that provides access to the Internet
For a monthly fee you get internet access
ISPs are connected to one another
Speed
Net neutrality issue…
VoIP - Voice over IP
Using an Internet connection to pass voice data (telephone calls) using the internet
E.g., Skype, …
BUS 3620

48. Telecommunication Trends
Wireless, mobile
Cloud Computing
GPS - Location based
IoT – Internet of Things
Everything connected?
Always connected?
Net neutrality
… Information overload!?
BUS 3620