1. CLIMATOLOGY OF CHINA
AUTUMN

2. CLIMATOLOGY OF CHINA GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION SEASONS
TRANSIENT DISTURBANCES
PRECIPITATION
AVIATION WEATHER HAZARDS

3. CHINA – TERRAIN MAP

4. CHINA – POLITICAL (INTERNAL) MONGOLIAN BORDERLANDS
NE CHINA
MONGOLIAN BORDERLANDS
NORTHWEST
NORTH CHINA
TAR
SOUTH CHINA

5. SEASONS OF CHINA WINTER - DEC - FEB SPRING - MAR - MAY
SUMMER - JUN - AUG
AUTUMN - SEP – NOV
"MAI-YU" APR - JUNE
"CRACHIN" FEB - APR

6. DURATION OF THE SEASONS (MONTHS)
REGION / SEASON
SPRING
SUMMER
AUTUMN
WINTER
NORTH WEST CHINA
2-3 2
5-6
NORTH CHINA
1.5-3
2-4.5
1.5-2
4.5-6
CENTRAL CHINA
3-5
SOUTH CHINA
4-6
6-8 -

7. AUTUMN A PERIOD OF FINE AND COMFORTABLE WEATHER
CRISP AIR, BRIGHT SUNSHINE AND GENTLE BREEZES
HIGH TEMPERATURES PERSIST IN SEP
THIS HOT AND UNCOMFORTABLE WEATHER IS KNOWN AS TIGER WEATHER
OCCASIONALLY PROLONGED RAINS OVER LOWER YANGTZE RIVER, UNDER INFLUENCE OF FREQUENT TYPHOONS AND TROPICAL DEPRESSIONS

8. NORTH EAST MONSOON
ATTRIBUTED TO COLD AIR AND HIGH PRESSURE AREA OVER ASIAN CONTINENT
HOT WX REPLACED BY MILD CONDITIONS
WINDS TURNING FROM SW –SE’LIES TO NE-N’LIES
CAN AFFECT TROPICAL CYCLONES OVER SOUTH CHINA SEA
IF NE MONSOON MEETS WARM & MOIST AIR OF TROPICAL CYCLONES, WINDY AND RAILNY WX FOLLOWS, CALLED “WET COLD DEW WIND” IN MAINLAND CHINA
INTERVAL BETWEEN TWO WCDW IS 6-8 DAYS

9. TROUGH IN WESTERLIES EXTRA TROPICAL CYCLONES & ANTICYCLONES TYPHOONS
DISTURBANCES
TROUGH IN WESTERLIES
EXTRA TROPICAL CYCLONES & ANTICYCLONES
TYPHOONS

10. TROUGHS IN THE WESTERLIES
MOST OF THE AREA STAYS UNDER WESTERLY WIND REGIME
TROUGHS AND RIDGES WITH VARYING AMPLITUDE MOVE ACROSS CHINA
AVERAGE SPEED OF PROPAGATION 10-15O LONGITUDE PER DAY
ENHANCE RAINFALL IN THE NORTH AND AT TIMES TO THE CENTRAL PARTS OF CHINA

11. EXTRA TROPICAL CYCLONES & ANTICYCLONES
MAXIMUM INTENSITY IN JUNE.
PATHS COVER UP TO CENTRAL CHINA IN WINTERS
THE EXTRA TROPICAL ANTICYCLONES ORIGINATE IN SIBERIA AND MONGOLIA DURING WINTERS (CRACHIN)
GENERAL DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT E-SE WARDS

12. TYPHOONS FROM CHINESE WORD ‘TEI FUNG’ MEANING ‘BIG WIND’
INTENSE TROPICAL STORMS, ORIGINATE IN NW PACIFIC, MAXIMUM 4-6 PER MONTH, DURING JULY TO OCTOBER
PRACTICALLY NIL TYPHOONS FORM BETWEEN DECEMBER TO APRIL
ASSOCIATED WITH STRONG WINDS AND HEAVY RAINFALL IN SOUTHEAST AND NORTH CHINA. ACCOUNTS FOR > 50% OF ANNUAL RAINFALL IN THE COASTAL REGIONS
DOES NOT PERSIST FOR MORE THAN 500 KM INLAND FROM THE COAST

13. TYPHOON STATISTICS MONTH DEPRESSION TYPHOON D + TY JAN 0.2 0.5 0.7 FEB
0.4
0.6
MAR
0.1
APR
0.8
MAY
1.1
1.2
JUN
2.0
2.7
JUL
1.4
4.4
5.8
AUG
2.3
6.1
8.4
SEP
1.8
5.3
7.1
OCT
3.8
4.6
NOV
3.1
DEC
1.3
1.7
Total
(Year)
8.5
28.8
37.3

14. 8-10 TYPHOONS IN A YEAR WITH MAX PROBABILITY IN JULY
TYPHOON STATISTICS
COUNTRY/
MONTH(S)
PERCENTAGE OF TYPHOON STRIKES EXPERIENCED BY COUNTRIES IN NW PACIFIC ( )
JAN-MAY
JUNE
JULY
AUGUST
SEPT
OCT
NOV-DEC
YEAR
CHINA 25 38 48 39 40 19 16 35
PHILIPPIN-ES 66 24 13 8 31 60 21
JAPAN 6 22 20 28 11 1
VIETNAM 9 36 23 15
KOREA 3 7
USSR 2 4
ON AVERAGE
8-10 TYPHOONS IN A YEAR WITH MAX PROBABILITY IN JULY

15. PRECIPITATION

16. ANNUAL VARIATION SEASON MONTHS CLIMATE JAN
WINTER
NOV –FEB
DRY & COLD
SUMMER
JUN – AUG
RAINY
MAY
TRANSITIONAL MONTHS
SEP
JAN
N CHINA EXPERIENCES VERY DRY WX
PERSISTENTLY CLEAR SKIES
RAINFALL AMOUNT > 50 MM
NE & NW CHINA, MONGOLIAN BORDERLANDS RECEIVES RF/SF BETWEEN 50 – 100MM
JULY
PRECIPITATION VARIABILITY IS MORE
N, S AND NE CHINA RECEIVE RF BETWEEN 150 – 200 MM
NW CHINA RECEIVE < 25 MM
SPRING
APRIL
N & S CHINA RECEIVES > 100 MM
TIBET, NW CHINAAND MONGOLIAN BORDERLANDS < 25 MM
AUTUMN
OCT
N AND S CHINA RECEIVES <50 MM
NW < 10 MMAND NE < 50 MM

17. CHINA – RIVER BASINS > 50 MM QIN LING, HUAIHE YANGTSE
TAIWAN, HAINAN ISLAND, GUANGDONG MM

18. CHINA – TEMPERATURE

19. AVIATION WEATHER HAZARDS

20. DUST STORMS
MOST FAVOURABLE AREAS : PLAINS OF NORTH CHINA AND SOUTH MANCHURIA
THE MAIN SEASON OF OCCURRENCE IS FROM MARCH TO MAY AND JULY TO SEPTEMBER
MOST FAVOURABLE SITUATION IS PASSAGE OF THE FRONTS
THE MOST LIKELY TIME OF OCCURRENCE IS NOON TO EVENING

21. FOG ADVECTION FOG IS COMMON IN SUMMERS, RADIATION TYPE IN WINTERS
MAXIMUM AT NIGHT, STAYS TILL AROUND 0700 H IN THE MORNING. IN JAN, PERSISTS TILL NOON OVER LAND AREAS.
THE FAVOURABLE AREAS : SOUTH CHINA HILLS AND SICHUAN BASIN. (186 DAYS PER YEAR)
FREQUENCY OF <5 DAYS OVER QINGHAI-XIZANG AND XINJIANG
FREQUENCY OF DAYS PER YEAR OVER COASTAL REGIONS

22. THUNDERSTORM
MOST FAVOURABLE REGIONS ARE HAINAN AND LUICHOW PENINSULA WITH FREQUENCY PER YEAR DURING MAR-SEP
FREQUENCY DECREASES TO ABOUT 10 NE-WARDS TO HEILUNGKIANG
FREQUENCY 30 DAYS OVER SOUTHERN PROVINCES
FREQUENCY ABOUT 5 IN THE DESERTS AND 20 IN THE HILLS

23. HAIL
OCCURS JUST ONCE OR TWICE PER YEAR OVER YUNNAN (SOUTH CHINA), OTHERWISE PRACTICALLY UNKNOWN IN THE PLAINS
4-5 HAILSTORMS PER YEAR OVER THE NORTH CHINA PLAINS AT ALTITUDE MORE THAN 1000 M
ATLEAST 6 HAILSTORMS PER YEAR OVER KANSU IN NORTHWEST CHINA
AT LEAST 5-7 HAILSTORMS PER YEAR OVER SHENSI (NORTH CHINA)

24. CONCLUSION