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1 What part of the ration supplies the carbohydrates and fats needed by poultry?
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1 Grains will supply 50-80% of the energy.
Animal and vegetable fats and oils
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List some common grains used to feed poultry.
2 List some common grains used to feed poultry.
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2 Oats Wheat Grain Corn
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Why are fats sometimes added to poultry rations?
3 Why are fats sometimes added to poultry rations?
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3 Fats increase the energy level in poultry rations if they are low in energy rations.
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List the amino acids most commonly lacking in poultry rations
4 List the amino acids most commonly lacking in poultry rations
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4 Arginine Lycine Methionine Trythophine
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List three common sources of protein in poultry rations.
5 List three common sources of protein in poultry rations.
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5 SBM Fish meal Meat scraps
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How important is water in the chicken ration?
6 How important is water in the chicken ration?
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55-78% of egg and body weight is water
6 55-78% of egg and body weight is water
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List the minerals commonly required in a chicken ration.
7 List the minerals commonly required in a chicken ration.
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7 Calcium phosphorus Magnesium Iodine Manganese Chlorine Zinc Sodium
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What level of calcium should be fed in a chicken ration?
8 What level of calcium should be fed in a chicken ration?
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8 3.4% of ration
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List the vitamins commonly required in a chicken ration?
9 List the vitamins commonly required in a chicken ration?
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9 A-D-E-K Riboflavin Niacin Coline
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10 How can the poultry producer be sure the ration contains enough vitamins?
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10 Using a vitamin premix
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Briefly explain the use of additives in chicken rations.
11 Briefly explain the use of additives in chicken rations.
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11 Stimulates growth
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12 What are unidentified factors in the chicken ration and what are their effects?
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12 Increase reproduction Stimulate growth Improve feed efficiency
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13 Why is grit used in the chicken ration?
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13 Helps the gizzard grind up the feed
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14 List three forms in which commercially manufactured chicken feeds must be purchased?
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14 Mash Pellets Crumbles
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List four systems that may be used for preparing chicken rations.
15 List four systems that may be used for preparing chicken rations.
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15 Complete commercial feed Commercial vitamin and mineral premix
Protein concentrate Individual ingredients
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Briefly explain the use of phase feeding for chickens
16 Briefly explain the use of phase feeding for chickens
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Use to meet changing requirements for chicken
16 Use to meet changing requirements for chicken
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List the good management practices to follow when feeding chickens.
17 List the good management practices to follow when feeding chickens.
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17 Should feed only fresh feed Should supply fresh water daily
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18 Why should the poultry producer keep a close watch on the feed consumption on the flock?
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to minimize waste of feed
18 to minimize waste of feed To watch for illness
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Describe the feed that should be used to start chicks.
19 Describe the feed that should be used to start chicks.
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19 18% p-started mash
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20 How much feeder and water space is needed for chickens up to six of age?
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for every 25 inches of water you will have 100 birds
20 for every 25 inches of water you will have 100 birds
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21 Describe the feed that should be used for chickens from six to 12 weeks of age.
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A growing ration for feed
21 A growing ration for feed
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22 How much feeder and waterer space is needed for chickens seven to 20 weeks of age?
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22 For every 250 linear inches you should have 50 inches of water for every 100 birds.
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23 How much feed per day and per year is needed for light and heavy breeds of laying hens?
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20 to 24 inches of feeder space for each 100 linear feet.
23 20 to 24 inches of feeder space for each 100 linear feet.
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24 How much feeder and waterer space is needed for light and heavy breeds of laying hens?
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25 Why should the producer avoid sudden changes in the ration for laying hens?
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Causes stress for the aging hens
25 Causes stress for the aging hens
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26 Name and describe three systems of feeding that can be used for laying hens.
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26 Starter ration Add grits as they age
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How is feed efficiency determined for laying hens?
27 How is feed efficiency determined for laying hens?
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Amount of feed fed divided by number of dozen of eggs
27 Amount of feed fed divided by number of dozen of eggs
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Describe the kind of starter ration that should be used for broilers.
28 Describe the kind of starter ration that should be used for broilers.
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28 18% P 3% fat
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How much feeder and waterer space is needed for broilers?
29 How much feeder and waterer space is needed for broilers?
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29 100”/100 25”/100
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How is feed conversion determined for broilers?
30 How is feed conversion determined for broilers?
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Amount of feed to produce 1lb of live weight
30 Amount of feed to produce 1lb of live weight
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31 Describe the kind of finishing ration that should be used for broilers?
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31 Special mess-14.5% P 4 to 5 with vitamin A, D, B12, Riboflavin and pantotheanic acid, niacin, manganese
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What factors affect feed conversion in boilers?
32 What factors affect feed conversion in boilers?
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Management of operation
32 Genetic background Type of feed Temperature Amount of feed wasted Management of operation Additives used in feed
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Describe a good feeding program for the breeding flock.
33 Describe a good feeding program for the breeding flock.
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14-15% protein special mash with vitamin pack.
33 14-15% protein special mash with vitamin pack.
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Describe a good feeding program for turkeys.
34 Describe a good feeding program for turkeys.
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34 Start ration 22%P 2 weeks Self feed End with 19%P
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Describe a good feeding program for ducks and geese.
35 Describe a good feeding program for ducks and geese.
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35 Commercial feed mess, pellets and crumbles
Pasture for grass, timothy blue crash white clover.
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List the recommended practices for brooding chicks.
36 List the recommended practices for brooding chicks.
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36 Clean house
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37 Describe the principles of using artificial light when raising laying pullets.
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37 Increasing length spreads up sexual and maturity rate of egg production
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List the recommended practices for managing the laying flock.
38 List the recommended practices for managing the laying flock.
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More in darkness less excitement
38 Disinfect and clean More in darkness less excitement Keep dry
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39 Describe the kind of cage system that can be used with the laying flock.
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Colonies stair step method but more death
39 Single row back to back Multiple 2-5 per cage Colonies stair step method but more death
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Briefly explain the use of artificial light for the laying flock.
40 Briefly explain the use of artificial light for the laying flock.
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Limit amount of daylight 2-5hrs before darkness
40 Limit amount of daylight 2-5hrs before darkness When natural
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List the recommended practices for egg handling.
41 List the recommended practices for egg handling.
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41 F Temperature 65 F Humidity %
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How much space is needed for raising broilers?
42 How much space is needed for raising broilers?
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42 1 square foot per bird.
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Briefly explain the use of artificial lights when raising broilers.
43 Briefly explain the use of artificial lights when raising broilers.
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43 18” above floor
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Describe good management practices for the breeding flock.
44 Describe good management practices for the breeding flock.
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44 Vaccination program 8-12 cockerals per 100 hens
Gather eggs 3-4 times per day
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List the kinds of records that should be kept by a poultry producer.
45 List the kinds of records that should be kept by a poultry producer.
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45 Weight Disease Injuries Age Feed amount
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List the recommended practices for brooding turkeys.
46 List the recommended practices for brooding turkeys.
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46 Clean before new batch
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47 Describe the growing of turkeys on range.
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Weather-more deaths-need shelter
47 Disease Predators Weather-more deaths-need shelter
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48 5 ½ sq ft. for Toms 3 ½ sq ft. for Hens 4 ½ sq ft. for mixed
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48 Describe confinement raising of turkeys.
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49 List the recommended practices for managing the turkey breeding flock.
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49 Blood test for diseases Vaccinate needed shots 14 hours of light
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50 List the recommended practices for brooding ducks and geese.
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51 Describe the practices that should be followed for rearing ducks and geese.
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51 Fenced pasture 2” poultry mesh Small fence in yard
Outside when weather is good – no predators
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52 Describe the kinds of housing for poultry.
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52 Insulated wall and ceiling Pull type construction.
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53 List the general characteristics that are common to all good poultry houses.
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Easy to clean/ disinfect
53 Easy to clean/ disinfect Dry-clean
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List the other kinds of equipment commonly used in growing poultry.
54 List the other kinds of equipment commonly used in growing poultry.
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Portable feeder/ water for range
54 Automatic feeders Bulk feed storage Portable feeder/ water for range Heat lamps
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