1. Human Population: Growth, Demography and Carrying Capacity*

2. Human Population Growth Historically
Early Hunter Gatherers
Nomadic & followed the food
Practiced Intentional Birth Control *

3. Human Population Growth Historically
B. Rise of Agriculture
Necessary for Survival
Herd species became extinct via predation and altered habitat
Humans began to cultivate own food *

4. C. Agriculture Gives Rise to Cities
Food Grown in country, Consumed in city
Food wastes are no longer returned to soil
Soil becomes less productive
Waste of Population Mostly in Cities
3. Population Control in Medieval Societies
Infanticide
Plagues *

5. Children During Early Industrialization
D. Industrialization
Children During Early Industrialization
Valued as cheap source of income and cheap labor
Exponential growth of populations
By 1900s, Birth Rate in Industrialized World Dropped
Rise in standards of living
Increase in the cost of child rearing *

6. *

7. MI L I O NS *

8. Population Projections
Over 95% of this increase
will take place in “Developing
Countries” *

9. *

10. Current World Population
The global population grows by:
Nearly 2.3 persons per seconds
Nearly 8,343 persons per hour
Over 200,234 persons per day
Over 73 million persons per year *

11. How Much is a Billion? 1,000 seconds = 16.7 minutes
1 million-s = 16,677 min = 11.6 days
1 billion-s = 11,574 days = 31.7 years
1,000 pennies = ~ 88 ounces = 5.5 pounds
1 million pennies = 5,500 pounds (~1-Suburban)
1 billion pennies = 2,750 tons (~2 Space Shuttles) *

12. Human Population Dynamics
Three ways to change population size
fertility (Births)
mortality (Deaths)
migration
People move in (immigration)
People move out (emigration) *

13. Rates of Global Pop. Change
CBR (crude birth rate) = # births / 1000 population
1990: 24 now: 20.6
CDR (crude death rate) = # deaths / 1000 population
1990: 9 now: 8.8
Growth Rate = (b + i) – (d + e)
1990: 1.5% now: 1.19%
growth rates have come down *

14. *

15. *

16. Total fertility rate (TFR)
The average number of children born to a woman
Average in developed countries = 1.85
Average in developing countries = 5.1
Worldwide 1990: 3.1 now: 2.76
Replacement fertility rate (RFR)
The number of children a couple must have to replace themselves
A TFR of 2.1 for developed countries with low infant and child mortality rates
Africa RFR = 2.5 *

17. *

18. Reasons For Population Control Measures
China’s Program
One-Child Program
Reasons For Population Control Measures
Freshwater and food at a premium for nation’s population
Country experiencing population momentum
Government Perks / Coercive Measures for Citizen Compliance
Free education and health care
Increased personal and family incomes
Increased legal marrying age for women
Contraceptives, abortions, and sterilizations free of charge
Preferential housing and retirement income *

19. infant deaths per 1000 live births (infant < 1 yr)
infant mortality rate
IMR
infant deaths per 1000 live births (infant < 1 yr)
1990: 62 now: 52.4 (normal in 1900: 200) *

20. http://www. povertymap *

21. www.tte-online.com/.../table-of-contents/ chem-enc-1.html*

22. Maternal Deaths per 100,000 Live Births
Source: WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA Maternal Mortality in 1995: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF AND UNFPA, 2001. *

23. Migration
Net migration is the number of immigrants minus emigrants *

24. *