1. FSM IMPLEMENTATION AT DEVANAHALLI, BENGALURU
Presented by:
CDD Society, Bengaluru

2. About Devanahalli Located in Bangalore rural district.
Geographic location
Population Demography
Administrative
Located in Bangalore rural district.
39 Kms to the North east of Bangalore.
Spread across an area-16 Sq.km.
Has historic significance.
Population of 33,000.
Population growth rate over 21%.
Growth rate more than national average of 17.3%
Has 23 wards
6400+ households
1517 commercial settlements
Administered by The town municipal council.
No provision for UGD,scarcity of water, electricity fluctuations

3. 1 2 3 4 Adopting FSM at Devanahalli
Step-by-step implementation of holistic FSM
Desludging Vehicle operations started
FSTP for safe treatment
Integrated O&M Contract for Truck & Treatment Plant
Implement FSM
- Licensing
- Penalties
- Monitor 1 2 3 4
In-progress
Completed

4. Treatment and Disposal
User Interface
User interface
Collection
Transport
Treatment and Disposal
5,780 (90%)
With Toilets
620 (10%)
Without Toilet
Reasons for no toilets
Flush toilets 16.4%
Pour flush toilets 83.6%
Open defecation-61.8%
Public toilets-16%
Shared toilets-22%
Cost-49%
Space-39%
Other-12%

5. Septic tank/ Pit with lining Septic tank/Pitwithout lining
Household survey
User interface
Collection
Transport
Treatment and Disposal
78%
Single Pit
10%
Septic Tank 3%
Twin Pit 6% .
Open drain
Septic tank/ Pit with lining
Septic tank/Pitwithout lining
35% households
65% households

6. Irregular Desludging Interval
Desludging practices
User interface
Collection
Transport
Treatment and Disposal
use of tablets/chemicals.
majority of collection systems are not accessible.
soil condition
collection systems do not have base lining.
overflow pipe connected to drain
Never
917 (44%)
>5 Yrs
339 (16%)
<5 Yrs
821 (40%)
Majority of collection systems are aged 5-10 years
3% households have their grey water connected to collection system
Irregular Desludging Interval

7. Access to containment systems
User interface
Collection
Transport
Treatment and Disposal
Under
Toilet (3%)
Next to Toilet
(7%)
Location of collection systems

8. Treatment and Disposal
Key issues
User interface
Collection
Transport
Treatment and Disposal
Lack of awareness on design / construction standards.
most of the sewage discharged into the storm drain or seeps under ground.
Majority of the collection systems are unlined.
Lack of monitoring standards and guidelines .
Lack of any supporting by-laws and interventions.

9. Treatment and Disposal
Transportation
User interface
Collection
Transport
Treatment and Disposal
TMC operates one desludging vehicle with 4000L Capacity
People prefer private players to government services
Records indicate on an average 3 to 4 loads of faecal sludge desludged weekly
Prominence of other private players as well, 5 such operators present
Private operators charge Rs / desludging
Written application based requisition by households for availing TMC services

10. Treatment and Disposal
Key issues
User interface
Collection
Transport
Treatment and Disposal
No dedicated resource to monitor and track operations.
Major repairs halts the truck for very long period
Truck is not used to its optimum –
Lack of financial accountability – income vs expenditure
Lack of safety guidelines for operators.
Lack of proper operational plan and resource allocation for the same
Difficult procedure to avail services.

11. Treatment and disposal
User interface
Collection
Transport
Treatment and Disposal
No treatment facility was available.
Most disposal into nearby farm lands (disposed in open pits in farmland).
Faecal sludge directly used as a soil conditioner (mostly cash crops).
Lack of regulations and guidelines for safe reuse.
Farmers un-aware about the health risks.

12. Treatment Concept and Technology adopted

13. Treatment- Process Feeding Tank Water Reuse Planted Gravel Filter
Biogas settler
Anaerobic Baffle Reactor
Planted Gravel Filter
Collection Tank
Sludge Drying Bed
Feeding Tank
Solids
Water
Stabilization Tank
Reuse
Leachate
Percolation
pit

14. FSTP plant, Devanahalli

15. Plant Description Capacity 6000 ltrs/day (serves 30,000 people)
Technology Gravity-based Biological Treatment
Area 650m2
Priority Simple, low cost O&M
Structure: Mostly underground, completely covered, odorless
Capital Cost Rs 60 Lacs (Rs 300 per capita)
Operating Cost ` Rs 5 Lacs per year
Lifecycle cost Rs 1,500 per capita
Volume of Sludge treated 666,700 ltrs

16. Photos

17. How to work towards ensuring sustainability ?
FSM
Institutional
Financial
Advocacy
Regulatory
Monitoring
Technology
Capacity building
Enabling Environment
Infrastructure

18. What measures can be adopted by the ULB’s for ensuring that the trucks dispose at the treatment plants?
Truck Monitoring
Licensing
What factors need to be considered by the ULB to implement such systems?
What could be the possible response from the desludging operators?
Integrating Truck and FSTP operations?
Clustering of ULB’s?
Innovative financing options
Low energy options

19. What steps can towns take to encourage households to desludge their pits/septic tanks regularly?
Technical reason <5 years desludging reduces cost
Hence regulation for more frequent desludging is necessary
What actions can help in reduce the cost of desludging for households
Scheduled vs On-demand?
Adherence to standards for construction

20. What will it cost? Rs 110 per capita
Particulars
INR Lacs
Truck Operations 10
FSTP Operations 5
Co-composting 3
Net Total  18
Service Tax
Management, Monitoring 9
Depreciation 6
Total 38
Salaries Repairs Diesel Spare parts Lab tests Operations Manager
Rs 110 per capita

21. Financing FSM Advertising: Rs 1L Property Tax: Rs 34L
(29% of current tax)
INR ,000 / property
(Average: Rs 425 pa)
Sliding, Differential scale
Commercial, Residential
People will become aware
Potential Tax Slab
Property Size (ft2) GF FF SF TF
>TF
<600
200
120
350
210
900-1,200
550
330
1,200-1,500
650
390
1,500-1,800
800
480
1,800+
1,200
720

22. Scheduled De-sludging
O&M–What does it take? 1 2 3
Control Center
Scheduled De-sludging
Treatment and Re-use
GIS Map—track cleaning activities
Call-center for requests, billing, complaints
Daily GPS Reports
Monthly planning
Trained operators
Schedule confirmation, tracking of truck
Customer feedback
Clean, odorless
Meet standards
Prepare and package by-products

23. Resolutions Passed Outsourcing of O&M of plant and truck
TMC Devanahalli passed 4 resolutions 1 2
Outsourcing of O&M of plant and truck
Regulating disposal of faecal sludge
Monitoring construction of septic tanks
Property tax to finance FSM 3 4

24. The Big Picture Up to 6,000 towns of India need FSM
Over Rs 10,000 Crores will be invested in FSM—need models
Re-use of Water and Compost—circular economy
Integrate Policy, Private Players and Technology
All eyes on Devanahalli

25. What the city needs to do?
Quality Assurance of Containment Systems
Truck Authorisation
Desludging Frequency
Truck Monitoring
Treatment Monitoring
Pricing Scheme
Cost Recovery Model
Complaint Redressal System
BC & IEC

26. What the state needs to do?
Cluster Approach vs Current Administrative Boundaries
Effluent & Septage Quality Standards
Operational Safety Guidelines & SOPs
Reuse Produce Standards & Certification
Design/Construction Standards for Containment Units

27. Thank You