1. How do you end arguments or conflicts that you are in?
Bell Ringer
How do you end arguments or conflicts that you are in?
Both sides let the issue drop? Agree to a compromise? A stalemate?

2. End of the War Armistice

3. Russia Exits the War By 1916 – Russia on verge of collapse
Russia low on supplies because they were not industrialized.
Allies could not supply them because Central Powers controlled the seas / land to Russia.
Russia has enormous population. Germany could not easily defeat them.

4. Russia Exits the War
March civil unrest because of war related shortages forced Czar Nicholas to step down
New temporary govt. continued the war. After 5.5 million casualties, army refuses to fight.
Nov – Bolshevik (Communist) Revolution. Vladimir Lenin comes to power.
March 1918 – Russia & Germany sign the Brest-Litovsk Treaty ending the war between them.
Germany can focus on the Western Front

5. End of the War
March - May 1918 – Germany launches massive attack on France moving within 40 miles of Paris
German army weakened & exhausted.
2 million American troops arrive. Steady push back towards Germany.
Central Powers begin to collapse. (Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire surrender. Revolution in A-H takes them out.
Nov. 9, 1918 – Kaiser William II steps down. Germany declares itself a Republic. (Weimar Republic)

6. The Armistice is Signed!
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!

7. January 18, 1919 – Paris Peace Conference, delegates meet at the Palace of Versailles
Big Four – Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau (France), David Lloyd George (GB), Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
No Germany or other Central Powers, No Russia
Lloyd George of Britain, Orlando of Italy, Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the U.S.

8. Wilson drew up a series of proposals (14 Points) outlining a plan for achieving peace
1. No secret treaties
2. Freedom of seas
3. Free Trade
4. Reduction of armies and navies
5. Let colonies self-rule, no imperialism
6-13. Suggestions for changing borders and creating new nations
14. Organization that could peacefully solve world conflicts (United Nations)
- PROVIDE FORUM FOR NATIONS TO DISCUSS AND SETTLE THEIR GRIEVENCES W/O HAVING TO RESORT TO WAR
-Guiding idea – Self-determination – allow people to decide under which govt they would like to live

9. OPPONENTS OF LEAGUE GEORGES CLEMENCEAU-FRANCE
DAVID LLYOD GEORGE-BRITAIN
WANTED GERMANY TO PAY
HENRY CABOT LODGE-U.S.
THREATENED US POLICY OF ISOLATIONISM

10. Treaty of Versailles
Compromise – Treaty of Versailles b/w Germany and Allies– June 28, 1919
League of Nations
All Allies and neutral countries, NO Germany or Russia
Territorial Losses of Germany– all taken in war and overseas empires gone
Military restrictions on Germany – no making/importing weapons, limits on size of army & navy, no air force
War Guilt Clause – War is Germany’s fault, must pay $33 billion in reparations to Allies

11. PROVISIONS TREATY OF VERSAILLES
ESTABLISHED 9 NEW NATIONS
INCLUDING: POLAND, CZECHOSLOVAKIA, AND YUGOSLAVIA
SHIFTED BOUNDARIES OF OTHER NATIONS
CARVED 5 AREAS OUT OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE (Palestine, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon)
GAVE COLONIES TO FRANCE AND BRITAIN

12. Treaty of Versailles Other peace treaties with defeated countries
A-H = Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia
Ottoman Empire = just Turkey
U.S. rejected Treaty of Versailles – want to stay out of European affairs
Germany humiliated and BITTER
Japan and Italy wanted more
Other nations did not get self-rule, still colonized

15. NEW MAP OF EUROPE HOW IS THE MAP DIFFERENT?
WHAT COULD BE SOME PROBLEMS THAT MIGHT HAPPEN BECAUSE OF THE NEW ALLIGNMENT?
WHAT MIGHT BE SOME POSITIVES?

16. Effects of WWI 9 million killed, 21 million wounded
Many govts changed and new nations formed (boundaries redrawn)
Total cost - $338 billion
League of Nations formed to promote peace
Many feel bitter and betrayed by settlements
Causes of WWI remain (MAIN) – nationalism and competition

17. 9,000,000 Dead

18. World War I Casualties

19. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died