1. DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION ANDHRA PRADESH
Name of the Staff : M. Padmavathi
Designation : Assoc. Lecturer
Branch : D.Pharmacy
Institute : K.N.P.W.
Year : D. Pharmacy I year
Subject : Pharmacognosy
Subject Code : PH-103
Topic : Collection & preparation of Crude drugs for the market
Duration : 50 Minutes
Sub Topic : Senna
Teaching Aids : PPT, visuals, Animations
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2. OBJECTIVES On completion of this period, you would be able to know
The Bological source
Cultivation
Collection methods and
Various methods of preparation for the market of the drug.
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3. SENNA PLANT(Sonamukhi)
Known to unknown
SENNA PLANT(Sonamukhi)
Fig.80.1
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4. SYNONYMS : BIOLOGICAL SOURCE : Senai Ki Patti, Sonamukhi,
Indian Senna,
Tinnevelly Senna.
BIOLOGICAL SOURCE :
Senna consists of dried leaflets of Cassia aungustifolia belonging to the family Leguminosae
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5. SENNA FIELD
Fig.80.2
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6. FARM VIEW
Cultivation of Senna in an open field.
Fig.80.3
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7. SENNA CROP
Senna grows as a small shrub rising to a height of up to 2 meters.
Fig.80.4
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8. HARVESTING OF SENNA
After 2-3 months of sowing, harvesting of leaves is done in three stages
Ist Stage – The first plucking is done when the leaflets are thick, full grown and greenish in colour
After one month second plucking is done and last plucking is carried out after 4-6 weeks.
The plants are uprooted after third plucking of leaves.
The contents of Sennosides in leaves is maximum when they are fully grown and goes on decreasing along with maturation of pods.
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9. HARVESTING
Only expert local workers, who have experience in Senna cultivation and harvesting, work at our farms.
Fig.80.5
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10. HARVESTING
Harvesting the Senna crop.
Fig.80.6
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11. INSPECTION OF FARMS
Management with site workers, taking a view of farms.
Fig.80.7
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12. PREPARATION FOR MARKET
After collection the leaflets are dried under shade or indoor by spreading them in thin layers.
Drying takes place within 7-10 days and leaves show yellowish green in colour.
Leaves are tossed to separate pods.
The leaves are then packed into bales under hydraulic pressure.
During storage the drug should be protected from light.
Leaves does not lose the potency atleast upto 5 years.
About 1200 kgs. of leaves and pods are obtained in 1 hectare of irrigated land and 700 kgs. of drug from rain-fed land.
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13. Farmer Grade Senna for sorting
Fig.80.8
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14. Placing Senna on conveyer belt for sorting
Fig.80.9
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15. Segregation of senna pods from stems
Fig.80.10
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16. Segregation of Senna stems and flowers
Fig.80.11
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17. Segregation of Senna
ANATOMY
Fig.80.12
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18. Packing unit for Senna
Fig.80.13
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19. Compressing unit for Senna
Fig.80.14
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20. Compressed Bales of Senna Leaves Net Wt.100 Kgs
Fig.80.15
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21. Compressed Bales of Senna Leaves Net Wt.160 Kgs
Fig.80.16
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22. SENNA LEAVES
Fig.80.17
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23. SENNA PODS
Fig.80.18
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24. Senna pods & leaves sorted
Fig.80.19
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25. SORTED SENNA
Fig.80.20
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26. CHECKING QUALITY OF SORTED SENNA
Fig.80.21
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27. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
Senna contians Anthraquinone derivatives, they are Sennoside A, Sennoside B, Sennoside C and Sennoside D.
Sennoside C & D are minor constituents.
Leaves also contains Rhein, Kaempferol, Aloe-emodine and Isorhamnetin.
It also contains Phytosterol, Salicylic acid, Mucilage, resin and calcium oxalate.
The aglycone of Sennoside is known as Sennidin, which is in dianthrone of Rhein.
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28. USES
Senna leaves are used as Laxative, irritant purgative due to the presence of Anthraquinone derivates.
Senna is free of astringent effect, due to absence of tannin.
Purgative effect of Senna is not followed by the constipation.
The disadvantage of Senna is that it causes gripping, but it is overcome by admixing powdered SSenna with carminatives.
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29. In this class, we have discussed about
SUMMARY
In this class, we have discussed about
Senna Consists of dried leaves of Cassia aungustifolia belonging to family Leguminosae, its cultiivation, preparation of drug to the market with Chemical constituents and uses.
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30. QUIZ Senna consists of dried leaves of a) Cassia auriculata
b) Cassia aungustifolia
c) Cassia accuminata
d) Cassia arabica
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31. QUIZ Senna Chiefly consists of a) Anthraquinone Glycosides
b) Phenolic Glycosides
c) Coumarin Glycosides
d) All the above
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32. Frequently Asked Questions
What are the other names for Senna?
How harvesting of Senna leaves is done?
Write the methods of preparations of the drug for market.
What are the active constituents of Senna?
What are the uses of Senna?
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33. THANK YOU
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