1. The Standard of Competency: The Basic of Competency:
THE TISSUE OF PLANTS
The Standard of Competency:
Identifying the Characteristics of Morphology and Anatomy of Plant Bodies(Cells,
Tissue, The Tissue System of Organ, Organ), The Processes of Growing and
Developing, Reproduction, Its Breeding, Classification and The Roles of
Plants for Lives.
The Basic of Competency:
Identifying the Characteristics of Morphology and Anatomy of Plant Bodies
(Cells, Tissues, The tissue system of Organ, Organ)
SMK N 1 JEPARA

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THE OBJECTIVES
The students are expected to be able to identify the composers of plant bodies (cells, tissues, the tissues system of organ, and organ) by observing the characteristics of morphology and anatomy and interpreting pictures.
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CELL AND TISSUE PLANTS
The wall of plant cells is especially composed by cellulose. Most of cell plants; specially strength giving cells, have two tissues of cell walls, namely basic and secondary walls.
On cell walls, there is thin part called “noktah”. Through this, side by side cytoplasm cells (plasmodesmata) can be well-connected one another.
Plasmodesmata is communication and circulation channels among side by side plant cells (see the picture)
On multi-celluler living things, homogenous cells go through the process of specialization to form embryonic system (meristem), There is point of growing in plants. Then, the embryonic tissues differentiate to form other tissues. Regarding that process, many kinds of tissues also appear in plants and animals
Based on the development the plant tissue can be divided into two kind, meristem tissue (embryonic = young) and adult tissue.
The adult tissues do not experience cell cleavage. It is divided into epidermis tissue, parekim tissue, supporting tissue, vein tissue (xylem and phloem), and peridem.
Picture. The structure of Plant Cells (Campbell, 2006).
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4. THE TISSUE OF MERISTEM
In this tissue, new cells are formed (actively split).
The tissue is in the growing point, such as root ends, stem ends.The tissues in root and stem ends are called apical meristem, the tissue between xylem and phloem is called vein cambium and that replacing epidermis function as protective tissue is called sponge tissue (peridem)
Gambar. Jaringan meristem pada akar (Campbell, 2006).
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5. THE TISSUE OF EPIDERMIS
The epidermis tissue is outer layer of plant organ, consisting of one layer of living cells and composed tightly, formed flat, cube, prism, or dented.
This tissue functions to protect inside tissues from physical damage or pathogen infection. In the organ experiencing secondary growth, protective function is replaced by sponge tissue that is formed later. In leaves or stems of several plants, the epidermis cells produce kind of wax compound called cuticcula.
Gambar. Jaringan epidermis daun dikotil (Campbell, 2006)
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6. THE TISSUE OF PARENKIM
Parenkim tissue is basic tissue consisting of living cells, having thin wall and its shape is generally polygonal
Parenkim cell of leaf contains chloroplast called klorenkima which has important role in photosynthesis process
Parenkim cells without chloroplast can be found in tubers, fruits and seeds that function as food reserve.
Parenkim cells have big vacuole containing extract, oil, crystal and diverse outcome of secretion cells
The adult parenkim of cell can split and differentiate to be other types of cell
The ability of parenkim cell to multiply is very important to improve damaged tissues, such as when the plant is injured
Picture. Parenkim cell(Campbell, 2006).
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7. THE SUPPORTER TISSUE
The supporter tissue functions to strengthen the stand of plant stem and it has 2 types : kolenkim and sklerenkim tissues
The kolenkim tissue (living cell, thiickering on cellulose wall of cell angles,pektin), has role to to strengthen young stems that do not become wood yet. Its function is as supporter tissues of young organs
The sklerenkim tissue (dead cells, thick wall hardened and lignin dan mengeras, lignin). There are 2 types of sklerenkim;e.i, sklereid (stone cell, round shape, on coconut shell) and fiber (long shape, sharpening on its two ends, found in the surface of coconut stem)
Picture1. Kolenkim cell (Biology of Plants 5th edition, 1992)
Picture 2.
Sklerenkim cell, fiber(left) dan sklereid (right)
(Campbell, 2006)
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8. THE CARRIER TISSUE
The xylem tissue(wood vein: dead cell,waxed wall), is composed by trakea, trakeid, fiber and xylem parenkim and functions to carry water and salt mineral from root to leaf. 2 kinds ofxylem ;i.e, trakea and trakeid (Picture 1.). Named trakea,if wall border among its composer cells has been gone and the other appears perforator plate. Named trakeit if the border among the composer cell looks holey called pit.
The floem tissue (filter tube with surrounding cells = companion cell), function as a transporter asimilasi results from leaves to all the other organs. Floem composed of: filter tube, filter cell, fiber floem, parenkim floem and surrounding cells
Gambar 1. Jaringan xylem (Campbell, 2006).
Gambar 2. Jaringan floem(Campbell, 2006).
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9. THE PERIDERM TISSUE (SPONGE TISSUE)
The Sponge Tissue (periderm) consists of sponge cells produced by sponge cambium (felogen), function to cover root, stem, and branch from physical disruption, replaces epidermis function as protector. The sponge tissue is found in dikotil plants.
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THANK YOU
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COMPILED BY:
SMK N 1 JEPARA
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