1. G. H. Patel College of Engineering & Technology, V. V. Nagar
Mass Transfer Operation-I ( )
Membrane Separation Processes
Guided By-
Prof. Anand Metre
Prepared By-
Kasodariya Mayur ( )
Kaumil Panchal ( )
Kosha Desai ( )
Krupesh Patel ( )
Mayank Vithalani ( )

2. Content Introduction Principle of Membrane Separation
Classification of Membrane Separation Processes
Membrane Separation Processes (MSP)
Osmosis and Reverse Osmosis
Nanofiltration
Ultrafiltration
Microfiltration
Application of MFPs
Advantages and Disadvantages
References

3. INTRODUCTION Membrane Latin(membrana) - Skin.
The membrane can be defined as a barrier which separates two phases and restricts transport of various chemicals in a selective manner.
In other words, a structure having lateral dimensions much greater than its thickness, through which mass transfer may occur under a variety of driving forces.
Selective barrier - It controls the exchange between the two regions adjacent to it in a very specific manner
Contacting barrier - Its function is mainly to contact the two regions between which the transport occurs.

4. Principle of Membrane Separation

5. CLASSIFICATION OF MEMBRANE SEPARATION PROCESSES (MSP)
Pressure Driven Membrane Process:
Reverse Osmosis (RO) ( bar)
Nanofiltration (NF) (10-70 bar)
Ultrafiltration (UF) (1-10 bar)
Microfiltration (MF) (0.5-2 bar)
Pervaporation (PV)
Membrane Gas Separation

6. Continued… Concentration Gradient Driven Membrane process:
Dialysis
Membrane Extraction
Electrical Potential Driven Membrane Process:
Electro Dialysis (ED)

7. Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Osmosis is  a  process   where  a  weaker   saline  solution  will  tend  to  migrate  to  a  strong  saline  solution.
 Examples  of  osmosis
when  plant   roots absorb  water  from  the  soil
our  kidneys  absorb  water  from  our  blood

8. Continued… Reverse Osmosis is the process of Osmosis in reverse.
A   reverse  osmosis  membrane  is   a  semipermeable  membrane  that   allows  the  passage  of  water  mole cules   but  not  the  majority  of  dis solved  salts,  organics,  bacteria  and  pyrogens.

9. Microfiltration (MF)
Microfiltration is defined as a membrane separation process using membranes with a pore size of approximately 0.03 to 10 microns, a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of greater than 1000,000 Daltons and a relatively low feed water operating pressure of approximately 100 to 400 kPa.
Materials removed by MF include sand, silt, clays, Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium cysts, algae, and some bacterial species.
By physically removing the pathogens, membrane filtration can significantly reduce chemical addition, such as chlorination.

10. Ultrafiltration (UF)
Ultrafiltration is a selective separation step used to both concentrate and purify medium to high molecular weight components such as plant and dairy proteins, carbohydrates and enzymes.
Ultrafiltration has a pore size of approximately to 0.1 microns, an MWCO of approximately 10,000 to 100,000 daltons, and an operating pressure of approximately 200 to 700 kPa (30 to 100 psi).
UF will remove all microbiological species removed by MF (partial removal of bacteria) and humic materials.

11. Nanofiltration (NF)
Nanofiltration membranes have a nominal pore size of approximately microns and an MWCO of 1,000 to 100,000 daltons.
Operating pressures are usually near 600 kPa (90psi) and can be as high as 1,000 kPa.
These systems can remove virtually all cysts, bacteria, viruses, and humic materials.
NF also removes hardness from water, which accounts for NF membranes sometimes being called “softening membranes.”

12. REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO)
ULTRAFILTRATION (UF)
NANOFILTRATION (NF)
MICROFILTRATION (MF)

13. Applications of different Membrane separation Processes

14. Continued…
Food & Beverage :Vegetable Products, Grain Products, Plant Extracts, Organic solvent recovery, Animal Products, Fish & Seafood Products, Biofood
Industrial: Bio-chemicals, Distillery Products, Enzymes, Pigments and dyes, Fine Chemicals, Process Effluent Treatment, Mining Industry
Pharmaceuticals, Water & Product Reclamation, Process Effluent Treatment, Recovery of CIP solutions

15. Advantages of Membrane Processes
Appreciable energy savings
Clean technology with operational ease
Replaces the conventional processes
Recovery of high value products
Greater flexibility in designing systems
Hybrid process development

16. Disadvantages of Membrane Processes
Membrane fouling
Upper solid limits
Expensive

17. References
Kaushik Nath, Membrane Separation Processes, PHI publication, July 2011 ,(Pg.no:1-15, )
Binay K Dutta, Principles of Mass Transfer and Separation Processes PHI publication 2007, (Pg.no: )
Christine John Geankoplis, Transport Processes and Separation Processes Principles, Fourth Edition, PHI publication 2003, (Pg.no: )

18. Thank You