1. Introduction to Open Education
Opensource.com
Flickr
Image:
Introduction to Open Education

2. Open education is a philosophy about the way people should produce, share, and build on knowledge.
Proponents of open education believe everyone in the world should have access to high-quality educational experiences and resources, and they work to eliminate barriers to this goal.
Open Education

3. Open Education Open Education is not a new concept
Dates back to 1970s (or earlier) in response to a desire to democratize educational systems that were perceived to marginalize groups and classes of people from obtaining education
The goal is to make high quality education accessible to everyone
Open Education

4. Open Education The technology we use today allows us to:
share our own educational materials freely and extend our reach for teaching and educating others
find & use existing free high-quality educational materials that meet our own instructional goals and the needs of our students
build upon the works of others to enhance the quality of existing teaching and learning materials
Open Education

5. Barriers to Open Education
Barrier to Sharing and Reusing Materials
Copyright – All Rights Reserved
Solution: Creative Commons – Some Rights Reserved
Openly licensed teaching and learning materials
Barriers to Open Education

6. Open Educational Resources
Open Educational Resources (OER) are teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use and re-purposing by others.
The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation:
Focus on Free
Open Educational Resources

7. Free Access + Free Permissions
Free Access + Free Permissions - The 5 R’s
Open licenses provides at least 2 kinds of permissions:
Reuse – Permission to make and reuse exact copies
Redistribute – Permission to share copies with others 
Open should also provide these additional permissions: 
Revise – Permission to change, adapt, and alter the resource
Remix – Permission to combine the OER with other materials to produce a new work
Retain – Users have the right to make, archive, and “own” copies of the content
- David Wiley -
Free Access + Free Permissions

8. Types of OER Test Banks Images OER Courses Modules Learning Objects
Textbooks
Videos
Test Banks
Images
Types of OER

9. Impact of Textbook Costs on Students
The findings suggest that the cost of textbooks is negatively impacting student access to required materials (66.6% did not purchase the required textbook) and learning (37.6% earn a poor grade; 19.8% fail a course). Time to graduation and/or access is also impacted by cost. Students reported that they occasionally or frequently take fewer courses (47.6%); do not register for a course (45.5%); drop a course (26.1%), 2016 or withdraw from courses (20.7%).
Florida Student Textbook Survey
Florida Virtual Campus. (2016) Florida Student Textbooks and Course Materials Survey. Tallahassee, FL: Author. Retrieved from
Impact of Textbook Costs on Students

10. Quality Question Open Textbook Quality Varies
Just like traditionally published resources
No perfect textbook
Peer Reviews
Open Textbook Library
Textbook Selection
Faculty sometimes select a textbook then build a course around the book
Open textbooks can be adapted and edited to fit the learning objectives and goals for a course
Quality Question

11. Efficacy and Perceptions of OER
Students who use OER tend to do as well or better than their peers using traditional textbooks in terms of course completion and passing rates.
Literature indicates that open textbooks are connected with high student and faculty satisfaction, lower costs, and similar or better educational outcomes.
Hilton, J. (2016). Open educational resources and college textbook choices: a review of research on efficacy and perceptions. Educational Technology Research and Development, 64(4). pp 573–590. 
Efficacy and Perceptions of OER

12. OER and the Course Throughput Rate
Aggregate of
Drop Rate
Withdrawal Rate
C or Better Rate
Students who use OER perform significantly better on the course throughput rate than their peers using traditional textbooks.
Hilton, J. Fischer, L., Wiley, D., Williams, L. (2016). Maintaining Momentum Toward Graduation: OER and the Course Throughput Rate. International Review of Research on Distance and Open Learning, 17(6): 1-10 (2016).
OER and the Course Throughput Rate

13. The Open Education Group
An interdisciplinary research group that (1) conducts original, rigorous, empirical research on the impact of OER adoption on a range of educational outcomes and (2) designs and shares methodological and conceptual frameworks for studying the impact of OER adoption.
The Open Education Group

14. Open Education in Practice
Open Pedagogy
Open Educational Practices
OER-Enabled Pedagogy
Debate/Discussion in OER Community as to what these terms mean
Open Education in Practice

15. OER-enabled pedagogy is the set of teaching and learning practices only possible or practical when you have permission to engage in the 5R activities.
David Wiley
OER-Enabled Pedagogy

16. Open Educational Practice Considerations
Content and resources adhere to the 5Rs
Access to the materials is available to everyone
Digital divide
Students must have the tools that are needed to access the resources
ADA compliance
Formats that can be used by everyone
Accessibility:
What about the materials that you create or use that are digital resources only and only available online? Do your students, all of them, have access to these materials? You might think that all of your students have access to a laptop, smart phone or a tablet. If they don’t are there arrangements available for those students to access these materials from campus or other location? Just something to consider as you think about your approaches to course redesign to include or use OERs.
Open Educational Practice Considerations

17. Open Educational Practice Considerations
Are your students entirely at a distance, face-2-face, or a hybrid approach?
Strategies that you use are dependent upon your local needs, your learning environment, your learners.
Students generate work that can also be contributed to the open community.
Open Educational Practice Considerations

18. Open Access to OER Learning Materials
LibreTexts
Open Access to OER Learning Materials

19.
COOL4 Ed

20. Open Educational Practice
Building Communities of Contributors
Invite students to participate in creating materials that can be contributed to the commons
Course assignments in which students update or adapt OER, create OER for future students in the course
Writing op-ed pieces or annotating readings on the open web 
Open Educational Practice

21. Disposable Assignments
Students spend hours working on an assignment/essay/project
Submits it to one person
Only instructor will read it
Instructor provides written formative feedback and returns back to student
How many of them actually read the feedback?
Student throws away the assignment
Disposable Assignments

22. Open Educational Practice - ChemWiki
ChemWiki LibreText -
Some content comes from existing open resources, and the rest is created by students, professors and outside experts from scratch.  
Crowd-sourced review structure
Anyone with an editable account can fix mistakes instantly, and everyone else can point out mistakes through a feedback function.
Open Educational Practice - ChemWiki

23. Student Assignment Example
Why have students answer questions when they can write them?- RAJIV JHANGIANI , PH.D.
Students were asked to write 4 questions each week, 2 factual (e.g., a definition or evidence-based prediction) and 2 applied (e.g., scenario-type).
For the first two weeks they wrote just one plausible distractor (I provided the question stem, the correct answer, and 2 plausible distractors).
They also peer reviewed questions written by 3 of their (randomly assigned) peers.
Student Assignment Example

24. Student Assignment Example
For the next two weeks they wrote two plausible distractors (the rest of the procedure was the same).
For the next two weeks they wrote all 3 plausible distractors (the rest of the procedure was the same).
For the remainder of the semester they wrote the stem, the correct answer, and all the distractors.
Result - class of 35 students wrote 1400 questions in the span of 10 weeks!
Read More at:
RAJIV JHANGIANI , PH.D.
Student Assignment Example

25. The Noba catalog covers the traditional scope of introductory psychology and then some.
The goals of Noba are three-fold:
To reduce financial burden on students by providing access to free educational content
To provide instructors with a platform to customize educational content to better suit their curriculum
To present free, high-quality material written by a collection of experts and authorities in the field of psychology
Noba

26. Noba Student Video Competition
Annual video competition
Ask students across the world to produce 2-3 minute instructional videos that provide overviews of particular psychological theories or concepts
Videos that win are uploaded and shared
Students are recognized for their work
Instructors then use the videos
Noba Student Video Competition

27. Noba Student Video Competition
These student assessments/assignments are created and shared in the open and shared with the commons.
These examples are renewable assignments
Noba Student Video Competition

28. Why Open Matters OER provide a means for Cost savings Access
Student retention and success
Open Pedagogy (OER-enabled pedagogy) helps to achieve the goal that everyone in the world should have access to high-quality educational experiences and resources.
Why Open Matters

29. Thank You