1. Sports Injuries
Matt Morris

2. Resubmission due 18/11/2016
Just a reminder your resubmission for sports injuries Assignment 1 is in next Friday

3. Classification of Injuries
There are many ways in which we can classify the severity of an injury.
There are three general stages of injury which can be applied to most sports injuries:
1) Acute stage (0-72 hours after injury)
2) Sub-acute stage (72 hours to 21 days after injury)
3) Chronic continuum (21 days after injury)
Can you think of a sporting injury example for each stage?

4. Aims:
To identify the different physiological injuries and there severity
Objectives:
To identify the different classifications of injury
To examine ligaments and tendon injuries
To examine sprain injuries

5. Ligaments and Tendons
An injury that occurs frequently in sport are related to ligaments and tendons. These are soft tissue and primarily made out of collagen.
Ligaments attach bone to bone
Tendons attach muscle to bone
A ligament and tendon is made up of fascicles
Each fascicle contains the basic fibril of the ligament or tendon and the fibroblasts, the cells that make the ligament or tendon.

6. Unlike normal ligaments, healed ligaments are partly made up of a different type of collagen, which has fibrils with a smaller diameter, therefore they are a mechanically inferior structure.
As a result, the healed ligament often fails to provide adequate joint stability, which can then lead to re-injury or a chronically lax (permanently slightly unstable) joint.
Think of sporting examples who have re-occuring injuries from your research last week!

7. Haematomas What is a haematoma?
A haemotoma is bleeding either into or around the muscle.
If the bleeding is within the muscle, it is called an ‘Intramuscular’ haematoma. This type of Haemotoma will lead to a pressure build up within the muscle tissue as the blood is trapped within muscle sheath. This will result in a marked decease in strength of the injured muscle, a significant decrease in muscle stretch and long recovery period.

8. Bleeding around the muscle tissue is called an intermuscular haematoma.
This type of haematoma is much less severe than an intramuscular because the blood can escape from the damaged muscle and into the surrounding tissues, so there is less pressure in the area and the injury recovered much more quickly.

9. Sprains
Injuries to the ligaments of the ankle are usually graded into three categories:
A first degree sprain is the least severe. It is the result of some minor stretching of the ligaments, and is accompanied by mid pain, some swelling and joint stiffness. There is usually very little loss of joint stability.
A second degree sprain is the result of both stretching and some tearing of the ligaments. There is increased swelling and pain and a moderate loss of stability at the ankle joint
A third degree sprain is the most severe of the three. It is the result of a complete tear or rupture of one or more of the ligaments that make up the joint. This will result in massive swelling, severe pain and gross instability.

10. From the explanations above, you can see that pain and swelling are the two most common symptoms associated with an ankle sprain.
You can also expect some bruising to occur at the injury site. The associated swelling and bruising are the result of ruptured blood vessels and this in turn will produce heat and inflammation.

11. Injury
Classification
Signs and Symptons

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