1. Gastrointestinal System
2013

2. Overview
Structural
Motility
Parasitic
Mal-absorption

3. Objectives
Discuss selected Gastrointestinal Disorders related to pediatrics
Distinguish between structural defects, motility defects, mal absorption, and parasitic
Discuss Pathophysiologic processes of Gastrointestinal disorders
Identify Signs and Symptoms of Gastrointestinal disorders
Recognize dehydration and appropriate interventions

4. Signs & Symptoms Feeding Difficulties Vomiting Diarrhea Constipation
Abdominal Pain
Blood in Vomit or Stool

5. Structural Defects Head Esophagus and Stomach Intestines
cleft lip and cleft palate
Esophagus and Stomach
esophageal atresia
Tracheoesophageal fistula
Pyloric stenosis
Intestines
Intussusception
Hirschsprungs

6. Cleft Lip & Palate Pathophysiology Symptoms Treatment Nursing Care
Failure to fuse
Environment & Genetic
Symptoms
Apparent at birth
Treatment
Surgical repair
Nursing Care
Emotional support
Postoperative care
Growth & Development

7. Esophageal Atresia Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Pathophysiology
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Nursing Care

8. Pyloric Stenosis Pathophysiology Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment
obstruction
Symptoms
vomiting
Diagnosis
Olive size mass
Upper GI
Treatment
Surgery
Nursing Care

9. Intussception Pathophysiology Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment
Telescoping of intestine
Symptoms
Episodes of pain
Current jelly stool
Diagnosis
History
X ray
Treatment
Barium enema
Surgery
Nursing Care
Fluid & electrolyte balance

10. Hirschsprung Pathophysiology Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Nursing Care
Congenital
Symptoms
No meconium
Ribbon like stool
Diagnosis
History
Radiographic studies
Treatment
Surgery
Nursing Care
Observation for meconium
Fluid & electrolytes

11. Motility
Gastroenteritis
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Encopresis

12. Gastroenteritis Pathophysiology Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment
Nursing Care

13. Dehydration Pathophysiology Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Nursing Care
Fluid loss
Symptoms
Vomiting/diarrhea
Diagnosis
Physical assessment
Treatment
Rehydration
Oral
IV/sub q
Nursing Care
Monitor intake /output
Vital signs

14. Gastroesophageal Reflux
Pathophysiology
Relaxation of esophageal sphincter
Symptoms
Regurgitation
Diagnosis
Upper GI
Treatment
Rice cereal
Proton Pump inhibitors
Histamine H2 receptor antagonist
Nursing Care
Intake/output
Parent educatni

15. Encopresis (constipation)
Pathophysiology
Impacted stool
Symptoms
Abdominal pain
Liquid stool
Diagnosis
X ray
Treatment
Go-lytly
Diet modification
Nursing Care
Parent education

16. Parasitic Pinworm Pathophysiology Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment
Ingestion of eggs
Symptoms
Itching around anus
Diagnosis
tape
Treatment
Mebendazole
Pyrantel
Nursing Care
Education
Handwashing

17. Mal-absorption Celiac
Pathophysiology
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Nursing Care