1. Effects of World War I

2. Essential Question: What were the effects of World War I?
Slides to copy
Plus unmarked slides Green type

5. Deadliest WWI Battles Battle of Verdun- February – July 1916
Longest Battle in War
Germans and French lose around 300,000 men each
Germans gained 4 miles
Battle of the Somme- July-November 1916
British relieve pressure on the French
57,000 British die in the 1st day
1.5 million men overall
British gain 5 miles

7. Why was the loss of life so high?
Generals used old tactics
Frontal assaults > over the top
Weapons were modern
Machine guns
Barbed wire
Big Berthas (artillery)

8. Tanks
1916 by British
Move through ‘no man’s land’

9. Tanks cont’d

10. Airplanes
Flying Aces

11. Airplanes cont’d Frank Luke: The Balloon Buster Albert Ball
The Red Baron

12. Airplanes cont’d
Zeppelins
Bombed England

13. Poisonous Gas Used in 1915 1st by Germans Main types of gas: Chlorine
Mustard
Phosgene

14. Poison Gas cont’d Chlorine gas used first
damaged eyes, nose, throat and lungs
Mustard gas was the most effective
Caused sores and burns
induced bleeding in the lungs
Phosgene
Deadliest Gas – 85% deaths
Odorless, colorless, delayed death from suffocation.

15. Poison Gas cont’d Gas masks were unreliable
“I suppose I resembled a kind of fish with my mouth open gasping for air. It seemed as if my lungs were gradually shutting up and my heart pounded away in my ears like the beat of a drum…. To get air into my lungs was real agony.”

16. Mustard Gas
"I wish those people who talk about going on with this war whatever it costs could see the soldiers suffering from mustard gas poisoning. Great mustard-colored blisters, blind eyes, all sticky and stuck together, always fighting for breath, with voices a mere whisper, saying that their throats are closing and they know they will choke."

17. In Flanders Fields
In Flanders fields the poppies blow Between the crosses, row on row, That mark our place; and in the sky The larks, still bravely singing, fly Scarce heard amid the guns below.
We are the Dead. Short days ago We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, Loved, and were loved, and now we lie       In Flanders fields.
Take up our quarrel with the foe: To you from failing hands we throw The torch; be yours to hold it high. If ye break faith with us who die We shall not sleep, though poppies grow       In Flanders fields.
By John McCrea

18. How did the Versailles Treaty Help Cause World War II?

19. Paris Peace Talks: The Big Four
Prime Minister of Great Britain, David Lloyd George (#1 Power)
French Premier Georges Clemenceau (revenge)
US President Woodrow Wilson (idealism)
Italian Premier Vittorio Orlando (territory)
Germany and Russia excluded

20. Treaty of Versailles
War Guilt Clause (Art. 231) Germany solely responsible for starting war and destruction
Reparations to be paid by Germany = $56 billion

21. Treaty of Versailles Germany was stripped of colonies
Germany lost Saar Basin (returned by plebiscite 1935), Posen, parts of Schleswig and Silesia and Alsace-Lorraine
German disarmament

22. New nations & problems created
Italy's 200,000 persons non-Italians
German speaking populations in Poland & Czechoslovakia
Polish Corridor

23. New nations & problems created
Russian loss of territory
Japan given Shantung, China
British & French Mandates in Middle East

24. Did not deal with did not address issues that caused the war
reduction in arms
trade barriers

25. League of Nations
Wilson’s idea to resolve world conflict without war

26. Immediate Effects of World War I
Generation of European men killed or wounded
Fall of the German, Russsian, & Austrian Empires
New Countries Created
League of Nations

27. Long Term Effects Changed nature of war > total war World War II
War on Civilians
World War II
Nationalism Intensified
Rise of Totalitarian Dictatorships