1. Objectives:
Content: Analyze 5 paintings from Jacob Lawrence’s Great Migration Series.
Language: List key instruments in jazz music.

2. The Great Migration

3. Migration
Migration is the process of moving from one location to another.
Immigration is a kind of migration!

4. Great Migration Facts Who: 500,000 African Americans
What: Migrated from the South to the North
Where: Large cities such as New York, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, and St. Louis

5. Great Migration Facts
When: The Great Migration happened between and 1920, especially during World War I.

6. Chicago’s (Illinois) African American population grew from 44,000 in 1910 to 110,000 in 1920.
Cleveland’s (Ohio) African American population grew from 8,000 to 34,000.

7. Reasons for Leaving the South
1. Jobs in the South were scarce (very few) and low paying.
African Americans could earn a lot more money in the North

8. 2. African Americans faced discrimination and violence in the South.
The South was still dealing with the effects of the Civil War, including Jim Crow laws

9. 3. African Americans moved to northern cities and the Midwest in search of better job opportunities.
WWI almost completely stopped immigration from Europe
The northern industries needed African Americans to work

10. World War I also increased the demand for goods
World War I also increased the demand for goods. This increase in demand meant an even greater need for jobs!

11. Problems
African Americans also faced discrimination and violence in the North and Midwest
White workers hated the labor competition

12. White homeowners were upset that overcrowded black neighborhoods overflowed into white neighborhoods

13. Harlem Renaissance

14. Harlem Renaissance
African American artists, writers, and musicians based in Harlem (NYC) revealed the freshness and variety of African American culture.
Popularity of these artists spread beyond Harlem to the rest of society.

15. Jacob Lawrence
Jacob Lawrence was a painter who chronicled the experience of the Great Migration north through art
Migration Series

16. “Migration Series”

21. Langston Hughes
Langston Hughes was a poet who combined the experiences of African and American cultural roots
“Ballad of the Landlord”

22. “Merry-Go-Round”
Where is the Jim Crow section On this merry-go-round, Mister, cause I want to ride? Down South where I come from White and colored Can’t sit side by side. Down South on the train There’s a Jim Crow car. On the bus we’re put in the back- But there ain’t no back To a merry-go-round! Where’s the horse For a kid that’s black?

23. Duke Ellington Jazz Musician Pianist and Composer
“It Don’t Mean a Thing”
What do you see, hear? What does the song make you feel? Sad, Happy, etc?

24. Louis Armstrong Jazz Musician Singer and Trumpet Player
“What a Wonderful World”
What do you see, hear? How does the music make you feel? Happy, sad, etc?

25. Bessie Smith Blues singer “Nobody Knows You When You’re Down and Out”
What do you see, hear? How does the music make you feel? Happy, sad, etc?

27. Objectives:
Content: Determine how typical daily activities were changed by the advances in the 1920s.
Language: Use words or sketches to describe the results of Prohibition.

28. Changing American Life

29. 1920’s Changes
The following developments changed American life and the standard of living
Transportation
Factory and labor productivity
Electrification
Communication
Prohibition

30. Airplane The Wright Brothers invented the first airplane in 1903.
The first flight happened in North Carolina
By 1920s, first commercial airports appear

31. Automobile
While others used it before, Henry Ford has been credited with perfecting the assembly line.
Henry Ford used the assembly line to produce his Model T cars faster and cheaper.
Led to the rise of mechanization - machines do the job instead of a person

32. Results of Improved Transportation
Greater mobility
Creation of jobs
Growth of transportation- related industries (road construction, oil, steel, automobile)
Movement to suburban areas

33. Electricity Electricity changed American Life
Thomas Edison perfected the light bulb
Electricity changed American Life
Washing machines, electric stoves, and water pumps saved a lot of time and labor
Electric lighting made it possible to do work into the night
Improved communication powered by electricity

34. Innovations Telephones were more readily available
Increased speed of communication
Development of motion pictures (movies)
First silent and then with sound
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35. Guglielmo Marconi has been credited with inventing the radio
Focused on wireless telegraphy
Radio provided a new kind of entertainment

36. Broadcasting
David Sarnoff was a pioneer in the broadcast industry first with bringing radio to the masses and then later television
Founded the National Broadcasting Company (NBC)

37. Prohibition

38. Prohibition Review The temperance movement worked to ban alcohol
Prohibition was imposed by a constitutional amendment (18th Amendment) that made it illegal to manufacture, transport, and sell alcoholic beverages.

39. Prohibition can be used to describe the law that banned alcohol OR the period in US History when alcohol was illegal

40. The Results of Prohibition
Speakeasies were created as places for people to drink alcoholic beverages.

44. Bootleggers smuggled illegal alcohol and promoted organized crime
Organized crime – groups of people conducting illegal activities to make a profit.
Al Capone was the most famous “American Gangster”

46. Prohibition was repealed in 1933 with the passage of the 21st amendment.

48. Objectives: Content: Compare and contrast Jazz and Popular styles.
Language: List the major contributions of Copland, Gershwin, O’Keefe, Fitzgerald, and Steinbeck.

49. Culture of the 1920s and 1930s

50. Aaron Copland Composer and conductor who wrote uniquely American music
Populist style
“Fanfare for the Common Man” tch?v=cr6CnG5dmvM

51. George Gershwin Composer and pianist who wrote uniquely American Music
Classical and popular styles
“I Got Rhythm” pNepgmCQA
American Idol:

52. Georgia O’Keeffe
An artist known for urban scenes and, later, paintings of the Southwest

53. Urban Scenes

54. Southwest Themes
“Black Mesa
Landscape”

56. F. Scott Fitzgerald
A novelist who wrote about the Jazz age of the 1920s
Wrote a novel called The Great Gatsby

57. John Steinbeck
A novelist who portrayed the strength of poor migrant workers during the 1930s
(Dust Bowl)
Wrote a novel called The Grapes of Wrath
- 7 minutes on Dust Bowl