1. AE 215 AERODYNAMICS
II YEAR AERO

3. UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO LOW SPEED FLOW
Euler equation(3d), Incompressible Bernoulli equation, Circulation and vorticity, Green’s lemma and stoke’s theorem, barotropic flow, Kelvin’s theorem, streamlines, stream function, irrotational flow, potential function, equipotential function, flownet, elementary flows and their combinations. Example problems on conservation equations.

4. TEXT BOOKS
Anderson. J.D “ Fundamentals of Aerodynamics” (Unit I,II III, IV)
Clancey. L.J “Aerodynamics”, (Unit I, II, III, IV, V)

5. REFERENCE BOOKS
Karamcheti K., (1966), Principles of Ideal-Fluid Aerodynamics, John Wiley & Sons Inc (Units: I, II, IV & V)
Bertin J.J., “Aerodynamics for Engineers”, Prentice Hall; 6th edition, (Units: I, II, IV &V)
Houghton, E.L., and Caruthers, N.B., "Aerodynamics for Engineering students",Edward ArnoldPublishers Ltd., London, (Units: I, II, III, IV & V)
Kuethe A. M. and Chow C.-Y., “Foundations of Aerodynamics”, John Wiley & Sons Inc. ., 5th Edition, (Units: I, II, IV & V)
Kundu P.K. & Cohen I.M., (2008), Fluid Mechanics, Elsevier Inc. (Units: I, II& V)

6. “Father of Modern Aerodynamics“
The term “Aerodynamics” is generally used for problems arising from flight and other topics involving the flow of air.
-Ludwig Prandtl 1949

7. Fluid Dynamics
The study of dynamics of both liquids and gases called Fluid Dynamics.
It is broadly classified into
Hydro dynamics – Flow of liquids
Gas Dynamics- Flow of gases
Aerodynamics- Flow of air

8. What is the difference between gas and air?
'Gas' is a one of the many states of matter. The other common of matter are 'solid', 'liquid' and 'plasma'. 'Air' as in the atmosphere we live in and breathe, on the Earth, is a mixture of various gases such as nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and so on. Thus, air is gaseous.

9. Steady & Unsteady Flow
Steady Flow
Fluid characteristics velocity, pressure, density at a point do not change with respect to time.
Unsteady Flow
Fluid characteristics velocity, pressure, density at a point changes with respect to time.

11. Types of Flow
Laminar flow
Turbulent flow
Transitional flow

14. Quiz 1 Flow through pipe when valve is being opened is a) Steady
b) Unsteady
c) Circulation
d) Vortex

16. Compressible & Incompressible Flow
Density of a fluid changes from point to point
Incompressible Flow
Density of a Fluid will not change from point to point

18. Applications of Aerodynamics
Internal Aerodynamics
Internal Flow over ducts
To calculate flow properties inside engine
Flow through pipes
Flow inside wind tunnel
External Aerodynamics
Calculation of Lift & Drag
To estimate wind force over buildings, ships
To calculate Aerodynamic heating of flight vehicle

19. Two mark Questions Differentiate compressible and Incompressible flow
Define Stream line flow
Mention the properties of stream line flow
Give examples for path line and Streak line
Jot down the various applications of Aerodynamics
State First Law of Thermodynamics
Which law satisfies Conservation of Momentum
Sate Conservation of Energy
What is the principle of Conservation of Mass

20. Multiple Choice Questions
1. All real fluids are __________to some extent
a) Compressible c) Transitional
b) Incompressible d) Turbulent
2. According to ISA (International Standard Atmosphere) a decrease in temperature indicates __________
a) Decrease in altitude b) Increase in altitude
c) No change in altitude d) Change in Angle of Attack

21. 3. The flow in which each liquid particle has a definite path and their path do not cross each other is called
___________
a) One dimensional Flow b) Uniform Flow
c) Steady Flow d) Stream line Flow
4. The flow in which conditions do not change with time at any point is known as ____
a) One dimensional Flow b) Uniform Flow
c) Steady Flow d) Stream line Flow

22. 5. A Stream line is defined as the line _________
Parallel to Central Axis flow
Parallel to outer surface of pipe
Equal Velocity in flow
Pressure drop is uniform
6. Continuity Equation is connected with
Compressibility of Fluids
Steady/Unsteady Flow
Conservation of Mass

23. World Around Us
Russian Plane Crash

24. Russian Air Crash
25 December 2016
Site Black Sea, approx 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) off the coast from Sochi, Russia
Aircraft type Tupolev Tu-154B-2
Operator Russian Air Force Registration RA-85572
Flight origin Chkalovsky Airport,
Russia Stop over Sochi International Airport, Sochi,
Russia Destination Khmeimim Air Base, Latakia, Syria

25. Session Objective Stream line flow Streak line Path line
Properties of Stream line flow

26. Stream line
A Stream line is an imaginary line drawn in the flow field such that velocity vector at any point on the line is always tangential to the flow.
PROPERTIES :
The fluid properties cannot cross each other
The flow ratio between any two stream lines remains same through out the flow.
The difference between any stream function value for any two stream lines will be equal to volume flow rate of the fluid between those two stream lines.

28. Solid blue lines and broken grey linesrepresent the streamlines.
The red arrows show the direction and magnitude of the flow velocity.
These arrows are tangential to the streamline.
The group of streamlines enclose the green curves ( and ) to form a stream surface.

29. Streamline, pathline, streakline defined to describe a flow and visualise it.

30. Path line
Path line indicates the direction of velocity of fluid particle at a consecutive instant of time.
In steady flow path line and Stream line are same.

31. Streak line
Streak line is the locus of all points that have gone through a given point in the flow.

32. Conservative Laws Conservation of Mass- Newton First Law
Conservation of Momentum- Newton Second Law
Conservation of Energy- First Law of Thermodynamics

33. Control Volume
Control volume has a fixed boundary. Mass, Momentum and Energy are allowed to cross the boundary.
Control Surface
The boundary of the control volume is referred to as Control Surface

34. Puzzle
As shown in the image below, group of fishes are swimming from left to right.
By moving just three matchsticks, can you make fishes from right to left? 

35. Solution

36. Puzzle 2
Move 4 matchsticks to form 5 triangles. The triangles do not have to be equal in size. All matchsticks must be flat on the surface.

37. Solution

38. Multiple Choice Questions
1) The path traced by as single particle is called ____
A) Path line
B) Stream line
C) Streak line
2) Bernoulli's equation deals with law of conservation of _____
A) Mass
B) Energy
C) Momentum