1. Behavioral and Physical Adaptations in Animals

2. Adaptations
Adaptations is a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce.
There are behavioral adaptations.
Migrations
Hibernation
Dormancy
There are physical adaptations.

3. Migration 1
Migration- when animals move from one place to another as a result of temperature changes.
Animals migrate for different reasons:
To find a better climate (better weather).
To find food.
To find a safe place to live.
To find a safe place to raise young.
Species that do migrate are called migratory species.
Species that do not migrate are called resident, or sedentary species.
salmon, humpback whales, Canada geese, monarch butterflies

4. Migration The advantage of the migration strategy are:2
The advantage of the migration strategy are:
In the long days of the northern summer, breeding birds have more hours to feed their young .
As the days shorten in the fall and food supplies become scarce, the birds can migrate to warmer regions where the length of the day varies less and there is an all year round food supply.
Who migrates the furthest? Land animal, sea animal, or bird?

5. Who migrates the furthest
The Arctic Tern, it flies from its Arctic breeding grounds to the Antarctic and back again each year. This guarantees that it will see two summers each year.
One way is 12000, round trip is miles. The average Arctic Tern in its life will travel a distance equal to going to the moon and back—about 500,000 miles

6. Migration 3
Not all animals will move thousands of miles to migrate. Some species of sheep and goats will move from higher altitudes of mountains to lower ones seasonally.

7. Hibernation
4, 5, 6
Hibernation is a state of inactivity and metabolic depression in animals, characterized by lower body temperature, slower breathing, and lower metabolic rate.
Hibernation allows animals to conserve energy during the winter when food is short.
Before entering hibernation most species eat a large amount of food and store energy in fat deposits in order to survive the winter.
Hibernation may last several days, or weeks depending on species, outside temperature, and time of year.
Warm and cold blooded animals

8. Hibernation There are different kinds of hibernation.7
There are different kinds of hibernation.
The "true" hibernators sleep so deeply that they are almost impossible to wake up.
Woodchucks, ground squirrels and bats are "true" hibernators.
True hibernators do get up every few weeks to nibble on food.
Bears are not "true" hibernators. They are one of the "light sleepers." They are easily awakened from their winter slumbers. These in-between hibernators are simply taking long winter naps.
Skunks, raccoons, opossums are also in this group.
A woodchuck's heart rate goes from 80 beats a minute when active to 4 or 5 beats a minute when in hibernation. Its body temperature drops from 98 degrees Fahrenheit to 38 degrees Fahrenheit. during hibernation.
These animals breathe a little more slowly and lower their body temperature a few degrees while sleeping, but they wake up to forage between winter snows.

9. Hibernation Another form of hibernation is called torpor.8
Another form of hibernation is called torpor.
Torpor is a state of regulated hypothermia in a warm blooded organism, lasting just a few hours, usually at night.
Torpor is a shortened sleep time. The heart rate slows down and body temperature goes down, but the animal is able to wake up and move around.
Torpor is used for many of the same reasons as hibernation, like energy conservation.
Sixty-seven percent of the frog's body freezes hard but not inside the cells. As the frog slowly freezes over several hours, he pumps large amounts of glucose anti-freeze into his cells. Gradually he stops breathing, his heart stops, his brain activity ceases but his cells don't freeze. He stays this way for two or three months. Come spring, when the land thaws, so does his body. Within an hour or two "the Frog will recover his Summer Activity, and leap as usual,"

10. Dormancy
9, 10
Dormancy is a period when an organism’s growth or activity stops.
It is a survival strategy exhibited by many plant species, which enables them to survive in climates where part of the year is unsuitable for growth, such as winter or dry seasons.
Many familiar trees produce new leaves in the spring and lose them in the fall due to seasonal changes in temperature and light.
Trees that lose their leaves are dormant in winter.

11. Physical Adaptations 11
Animals also depend on their physical features to help:
Obtain food
Keep safe
Build homes
Withstand weather
Attract mates
These physical features are called physical adaptations.
Physical adaptations do not develop during an animal's life but over many generations.

12. Physical Adaptations 12
Examples of the basic adaptations that help creatures survive:
Shape of a bird's beak
The number of fingers
The thickness or thinness of the fur
Shape of the nose or ears
Teeth
Claws
Feet
Protective Coloration (Camouflage)

13. Protective Coloration13
Protective coloration helps an animal survive in its environment. Four examples are:
Concealing coloration is when animals use the same coloring as their environment.
Disruptive coloration is when animals break up their outline so they do not stick out.
Disguise is when animals blend in with their surroundings.
Mimicry is when animals look like other dangerous animals. They pretend to be what they are not.

14. Concealing Coloration14
For example, many animals in the Arctic have white coloring to blend in with the snow that surrounds them.

15. Camouflage

16. Disruptive coloration15
These animals have spots, stripes, or other patterns to break up its outline so it doesn't stick out against the background. Animals like zebras, leopards, and tigers use this type of camouflage.

17. Disguise 16
An insect that looks like a branch or leaf is using a costume to hide from predators. If it actually looks like the object on which it stays, then it is using disguise to fool its predators or prey.

18. Mimicry 17
When animals look like other dangerous animals. They pretend to be what they are not.