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Middle Ages - Periodization
Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages: – 1250 Late Middle Ages:
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Europe in the 6c
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The Medieval Catholic Church
filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world. monasticism: St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience. provided schools for the children of the upper class. inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war. libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts. monks missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]
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The Power of the Medieval Church
the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. tried to curb feudal warfare only days a year for combat. curb heresies crusades; Inquisition tithe 1/10 tax on your assets given to the church. Peter’s Pence 1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].
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A Medieval Monk’s Day
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A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium
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Illuminated Manuscripts
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Romanesque Architectural Style
Rounded Arches. Barrel vaults. Thick walls. Darker, simplistic interiors. Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.
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Charlemagne: 742 to 814
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Charlemagne’s Empire
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Pope Crowned Charlemagne Holy Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800
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The Carolingian Renaissance
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Carolingian Miniscule
in calligraphy, clear and manageable script that was established by the educational reforms of Charlemagne in the latter part of the 8th century
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The Rise of European Monarchies: England
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Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses: Treaty of Verdun, 843
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Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.
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Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle
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Parts of a Medieval Castle
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The Road to Knighthood KNIGHT SQUIRE PAGE
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Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior
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The Medieval Manor
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Life on the Medieval Manor
Serfs at work
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The "Renaissance" of the 12c
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William the Conqueror: Battle of Hastings, 1066 (Bayeaux Tapestry)
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Evolution of England’s Political System
Henry I: William’s son. set up a court system. Exchequer dept. of royal finances. Henry II: established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. grand jury. trial by jury.
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Magna Carta, 1215 Runnymeade “Great Charter”
King John I Runnymeade “Great Charter” monarchs were not above the law. kings had to consult a council of advisors. kings could not tax arbitrarily.
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The Beginnings of the British Parliament
Great Council: middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c. eventually called Parliament. by 1400, two chambers evolved: House of Lords nobles & clergy. House of Commons knights and burgesses.
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The Rise of European Monarchies: France
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Gothic Architectural Style
Pointed arches. High, narrow vaults. Thinner walls. Flying buttresses. Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors. Stained-glass windows. “Flying” Buttresses
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Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade
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Christian Crusades: East and West
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Medieval Universities
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Oxford University
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Late Medieval Town Dwellings
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Medieval Trade
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Medieval Guilds Guild Hall
Commercial Monopoly: Controlled membership apprentice journeyman master craftsman Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece]. Controlled prices
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Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s Shop
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Crest of a Cooper’s Guild
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