1. Nation State Actors
Lex Dunlap

2. What is a Nation State Actor?
Someone working for a nation-state, or government, with the specific purpose of targeting another government for information or data.

3. Who Does it?
United States
Russia
China
Iran
North Korea
Others

4. Russia – Ukraine Attacks
Attacks Ukraine power grid
Some U.S. grids are less secure and slower to reboot
Claims of Russian responsibility for power outages occurred in December 2015 and December 2016
s with malware were sent to employees at electricity control centers in the city of Kiev
Malware was able to receive employee login information

5. Russia – United States Attacks
Cozy Bear – DNC server attack
SeaDaddy tool to extract information on someone’s personal computer
Extracting from compromised users
Capable of executing commands, uploading and downloading files
Fancy Bear – DNC server attack and German parliament attack
Sent command instructions through an always open, hidden channel

6. Iran – United States Attacks
Attack on a dam in New York in 2013
Infiltrated through a cellular modem
Send commands
Attack on multiple US banks –
DDOS attacks on financial sector and US companies

7. China – United States Attacks
Google and others – Chinese human rights activist accounts hacked 2010
Highly coordinated attack targeting multiple weaknesses
Specifically was able to access Google’s password system
2015 United States-China Cyber Agreement
Decreased cyber attacks

8. North Korea Attacks Sony in 2014 Attacks on South Korea – ongoing
Targeting network management software
Grabbing defense information
Taking control of private and government networks
Transportation system control was hacked

9. United States Attacks against China Attacks against Iran
Disclosed by Snowden in 2013 to China
Targeted mobile phones and universities
Creating backdoors into Huawei products for surveillance – assuming link between company and PRC
Attacks against Iran
Thought to have provided Iran with knowledge they used in future cyber attacks
Attacked and destroyed approximately nuclear centrifuges

10. United States – Department of Defense/Obama Administration
Department of Defense Cyber Strategy Goals (2014)
Information sharing
Build bridges with private sector
Build partnerships abroad
The White House International Strategy for Cyberspace (2011)
Economy (Open Markets), Network Protection, Law Enforcement, Military, Internet Governance, International Development, Internet Freedom

11. Further Defenses
UK adding cyber defense curriculum available for high school students
Private companies making appeals to protect individual citizens from cyber attacks
Digital Geneva Convention

12. Sources
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