1. Local, regional government and national gvt Finances money due to wars
Uneven, populated and local admin
Finances money due to wars
Committees set up specialisation/divide
Council Learned in law= debts Star Chamber
Prosecuted rebels. HVII controlled finances
Chamber and Privy Council
Crown lands, Feudal dues, custom and legal
Duties, Bonds, Loans Clerical taxes P taxes.
Income 20 times wealthiest noble. Less than
King of France had.
Needed officials-distant places needed JP’s
Public order, laws justice. Quarter sessions 4
Times a year- all except treason. Uneven control
London Oxford Wales S East good. Ireland Durham
N England, Scotland problems- Poynings law failed in
Ireland, Kildare restored Parl in 1496.
National gvt: Personal rule. Directly. P met some
weeks not a lot. P to support the king. Royal Council
trusted supporters day to day matters. 227 men but
only few met
Problems facing Henry VII
Tough and not trusting
Nobles- wealth and power
Win support and control them (threat and reward)
Land wealth and support- all attacked by HVII
Attainders: declared guilty of treason with no trial-
138 only 45 reversed. More as reign progressed 51 in
Sir Thomas Tyrell paid £1738 reverse fathers A
Patronage: nobles nos fell ¼ in reign. HVII swallowed lands
Lower social scale promoted to royal agents=who owed HVII
Attacks on retaining: personal staff for nobles-illegal gangs
Used by nobles on juries and tenants- laws 1485 and 1504
Special licence, swear to king, penalty £5 per retainer- but
Records vague and not kept.
Financial controls: Bonds to king for loyalty. 2/3
All nobles bonded to king. Eg Lord Burgavenny
1507 fined for having 471 retainers £70000.
This would bankrupt him so he to pay £5000 a
Year for 10 years and not set foot in South east
Family lands til paid off.
Council Learned in law- investigators and judges
Collected debts for king- leading figures Sir Reginald
Bray and Edmund Dudley hated.

2. Challenges to The Tudors’ power
Perkin Warbeck
Claimed to be Richard younger son Edward IV 1491 He was 17 really John Osbeck supported by Marg Of Burgundy and Earl of Kildare and Charles VIII
Fr HVII and CVIII peace- Maximilian 1 HRE not Support. Sir Wllm
Stanley executed treason 95. Warbeck lands in Kent in July 95 no support so goes to Scotland. James IV gave income £12000 and cousin in marriage.
James invade Eng 97 failure. Warbeck flies to Ireland. Aug 97 confesses and gives up. Given mercy But Warbeck escapes to 98 from court put in Tower then conspires with Earl of Warwick both executed 1499 (Henry VII)
Marcher Lords were nobles that had been appointed by the King to guard the border between England and Wales known as the Welsh Marchers. Henry VIII became concerned by the way that marcher lords governed their lands, becoming convinced that criminals who were working alone along the border were not being stopped. This is because criminals were committing crimes in England, and then crossing into Wales, allowing them to escape. Henry became even more anxious about Wales following his divorce from Catherine of Aragon. This was because many off the Marcher Lords were Roman Catholics and, therefore, disagreed with divorce. To solve this issue, Henry decided to gain full power over Wales, essentially removing the power of the Marcher Lords. Under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 passed by Henry VIII in order to make Wales an equal part of Britain, the marcher lords were separated into Welsh counties. This reduced the power of the Marcher Lords. (Henry VIII)
Challenges to The Tudors’ power
Rhys Ap Gruffydd
Born into an important family in Wales in Following his father’s death in 1525, Rhys assumed that he would inherit
his grandfather’s estates and titles. However, Henry VII gave the most significant powers
and titles to Walter Devereux, 9th Baron Ferrers of Chartley. Rhys was deeply offended by this and sought Cardinal
Thomas Wolsey, wanting his aid against Ferrers. Both men were given the right to extend their number of retainers,
leading to conflict between the two which resulted in the formation of two rival armed gangs.
The feud between the two reached its peak in 1529 when Ferrers displayed his status during preparations for the Court
of Great Sessions. Surrounded by forty armed men, Rhys threatened Ferrers with a knife. This resulted in Rhys’
imprisonment in Carmarthen Castle. In response to Rhys’s imprisonment, his wife, Catherine, gathered an army
of supporters and attacked Carmarthen Castle. She then threatened Ferrers with her armed gang. During the conflict
between the two divisions numerous members of Ferrer’s fraction were killed. The conflict caused disruptions, leading
to deaths and acts of piracy. The actions of Rhys’ fraction resulted in Rhys being transferred from Carmarthen Castle to
the Tower of London. Henry began claiming that Ferrers was trying to overthrow his government in Wales. This claim
was furthered by the fact that Rhys had added the title “Fitz-Urien” to his name (Urien being a person of mythical
importance in Wales.)Many believed he was attempting to affirm himself as Prince of Wales and that he was plotting
alongside James V of Scotland in order to other throw Henry.
After being convicted of treason, Rhys was executed in December This resulted in widespread dismay, due
to many believing he was innocent. (Henry VIII)
Lambert Simnel Claimed to be Richard younger son of Edward IV then
To be Earl Of Warwick- enc by Richard Symonds
5000 men army- Yorkists Earl Lincoln 3000 Margaret of
Burgundy 2000 May 1487 Invaded Lancashire- met at
East Stoke Defeated by Henry VII last battle of BOR
Lincoln killed- Simnel spared worked in kitchens.
Symonds arrested Henry seen as magnanimous as he
was not executed (Henry VII)