Unit 5 Winning is not everything

Unit 5 Winning is not everything
1 Unit 5 Winning is not everything FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS HEBEI UNIVERSITY

Objectives use the key language to talk about sports and athletes 1 2
apply the reading skill – skimming 3 write a paragraph of time order about the development of the Olympic Games 4 translate collocations of do, go and play 5 conduct a debate on the size of the Olympic Games

Section A Cliff Young, an unlikely hero
Project of the unit Inspiring your thoughts Enhancing your skills Presenting your project

Project of the unit Lead-in Project forecasting
Inspiring your thoughts Project forecasting Enhancing your skills Lead-in Presenting your project

Project of the unit Lead-in Task
2018/2/21 Lead-in Task Talking about Marathon and other Olympics Step 1 Watch the video clip entitled “Spirit of the Marathon”, and note down the reasons why common people join it. 本课件答案建议客观题以完整的句子呈现，主观题可以完整段落、句子或要点形式呈现。

Project of the unit Lead-in
2018/2/21 Lead-in I’m really a runner now, and I can do this. I decided that it was the time to do something to get back to the person that I used to be. I did something that I feel that most people can’t do. 本课件答案建议客观题以完整的句子呈现，主观题可以完整段落、句子或要点形式呈现。 We want to make money. I need to win a race.

Project of the unit Lead-in Step 2
What other information do you know about Marathon? The Marathon is a long-distance running event with an official distance of km. The Marathon was one of the original modern Olympic events in 1896, though the distance didn’t become standardized until 1921. The current world record time for men is 2:02:57, set by Dennis Kimetto from Kenya on 28 September 2014.

Project of the unit Lead-in Step 3
Work in groups and share your knowledge of an Olympic event that you play or enjoy watching.

Project of the unit Project forecasting Lead-in
Inspiring your thoughts Lead-in Enhancing your skills Project forecasting Presenting your project

Project of the unit J In recent decades, the size of the Olympic Games has been increasing quickly. New sports events are constantly added to the Games. Some people say this is a good thing while some others argue that the size should be reduced rather than increased. What is your opinion on this? Should the size of the Olympic Games be increased? Please get prepared by doing the following activities.

Inspiring your thoughts
Enhancing your skills Presenting your project Detailed understanding Global understanding Project of the unit

Global understanding Task Global understanding of the text Step 1 Skim the text for three minutes. Then answer the following questions. 1) Which sport does Cliff Young participate in? 2) In what order does the author describe the story? 3) What do you know about Cliff Young from the text? Marathon. Time order. An old farmer, amateur, had strong will power, smashed the record, became a beloved national hero, never kept a single prize, a brilliant example to others.

Global understanding Step 2 Work in groups and discuss why sports can cultivate people’s characters? One member of each group will be chosen randomly by the teacher to present the answer of the group to the class. From my perspective, sports will cultivate people’s characters in the following three ways. First of all, while doing sports, perseverance is indispensable, which will definitely develop people’s determination. Secondly, the essence of sports is to challenge oneself, and consequently people can become brave as well as creative. Finally, sports can bring a sense of happiness to people’s life, and help people to be positive and confident!

Enhancing your skills Presenting your project Global understanding Detailed understanding Project of the unit

Detailed understanding Task 1 Detailed understanding of the text 1. Why is the Sydney-to-Melbourne race regarded as one of the toughest marathon events in the world? 2. What did Cliff Young look like in the 1983 race? 3. How did other athletes react when they found out Cliff Young was there to attend the race? 4. Why did some people laugh at Cliff Young when he was running? 5. When did people become uneasy and concerned about Cliff Young? 6. According to Cliff Young himself, what made him run throughout the race? 7. What did Cliff Young do with his first prize? 8. What example does Cliff Young set for us according to the author?

Detailed understanding Reference answers： 1. Why is the Sydney-to-Melbourne race regarded as one of the toughest marathon events in the world? Because the Sydney-to-Melbourne race is 875 kilometers long and it is a harsh test of endurance for the world’s top athletes. 2. What did Cliff Young look like in the 1983 race? Cliff Young was a toothless 61-year-old farmer; he was wearing rubber boots, and was much older than the other runners. to be continued

Detailed understanding 3. How did other athletes react when they found out Cliff Young was there to attend the race? They neither believed it nor treated Cliff Young with respect. 4. Why did some people laugh at Cliff Young when he was running? Because Cliff Young didn’t run properly. He had the strangest running style and appeared to shuffle. to be continued

Detailed understanding 5. When did people become uneasy and concerned about Cliff Young? When people found that Cliff Young ran through the entire night without sleeping and when it seemed to them that he intended to keep running until he reached the finish line or fell ill or was injured. 6. According to Cliff Young himself, what made him run throughout the race? When he was running, Cliff Young imagined he was gathering his sheep and trying to outrun a storm. to be continued

Detailed understanding 7. What did Cliff Young do with his first prize? Cliff Young gave all the prize money to five other runners. He didn’t keep a single cent for himself. 8. What example does Cliff Young set for us according to the author? Cliff Young is a brilliant example showing that ordinary people also have the inherent quality to achieve great results.

Detailed understanding Task 2 Critical thinking Work in pairs and discuss the following questions. Which three of the following qualities best characterize the spirit of sports? Why? • Courage • Teamwork • Fun and joy • Commitment • Fair play and honesty • Character development • Excellence in performance 2. Suppose you are going to hold a city marathon. What are the priorities in your plan?

Detailed understanding Reference answers： 1. I think teamwork, fair play and honesty, and excellence in performance best characterize the spirit of sports. • Teamwork: Individuals can be strong on their own, but they can be much stronger in a team. You can’t win alone in a team game. • Fair play and honesty: Respect the rules of the game. Be honest. Never cheat even though you know you won’t get caught. • Excellence in performance: Always try your best. Show your efforts and best performance. to be continued

Detailed understanding Reference answers： 2. • Best route for the event (starting point, finishing line) • Sponsor for holding the event • Precautions concerning safety (runners, the audience) • Fair judging system • Publicity of the spirit of Marathon • Prize for the winners • Runners enrollment • Staff recruitment

Enhancing your skills Language focus Structure analysis
Presenting your project Structure analysis Project of the unit A paragraph of time order Language focus Language learning Inspiring your thoughts Language highlighting

Enhancing your skills Language focus Language learning Task 1
Learning words concerning sports events Step 1 Find the words and phrases concerning sports events in the text and match the words with their meanings. Paragraph Words & phrases Para. 1 the toughest marathon events; annual Australian race; a harsh test of endurance; prominent sponsors Para. 7 the sports commentators; reached the finish line Para. 9 overtaken; smashing the record Para. 10 was awarded the first prize of

money, or other help given by people, companies or organizations as a support
to come from behind another vehicle or person and move to the front of them happening once a year the ability to keep doing sth. difficult, unpleasant, or painful for a long time difficult to do or to deal with officially give sb. money or a prize to reward them for sth. they have done sb. on television or radio who describes an event as it is happening to do better than the best or fastest result recorded previously tough annual endurance sponsor commentator overtake smash award

tough annual overtake smash
Enhancing your skills Language focus Language learning Step 2 Fill in the blanks with the words in the box. tough annual overtake smash 1) We are going to hold the _________ celebration next week for our wedding anniversary. At the last minute, he __________ me at the finishing line, which was so frustrating. He is an indecisive and timid guy, so don’t send him on such a(n) __________ assignment! The world record of this event was __________ by an Asian athlete last month. annual overtook tough smashed

endurance sponsor commentator award
Enhancing your skills Language focus Language learning endurance sponsor commentator award 5) Instead of introducing the information of the players, the ______________ talks about the anecdote of the coach. 6) If you want to participate in a Marathon, you need to work on your ____________ and strength as well. 7) The scientist received a(n) __________ at the academic conference, due to his magnificent achievement in medicine. 8) The activity has got an adequate __________ from a prominent local manufacturer. commentator endurance award sponsor

Learning words concerning athletes Step 1 Find the words and phrases concerning athletes in the text. Para. 1 the world’s top athletes; super-fit runners; world-class athletes Para. 2 amateur runner Para. 7 he … was injured Para. 8 the race leaders Para. 9 became a beloved national hero Step 2 Choose 3-5 from the above list to talk about an athlete you are familiar with.

Learning more words concerning sports events and athletes Discuss with your partner and list more words concerning sports events and athletes. sports events athletes popular persistent demanding prestigious challenging intelligent violent dedicated eye-catching committed competitive aggressive

Enhancing your skills Language focus Language highlighting
Task 4 Detailed learning of key vocabulary 1. harsh (Para. 1) a. severe, cruel, or unkind 严厉的；残酷的；苛刻的 a harsh test of endurance 一项严酷的耐力考验 a harsh person 一个苛刻的人 The marathon is a harsh sports activity which challenges people’s physical limit. Translation: 马拉松是一项严酷的体育活动，它挑战着人类身体的极限。

2. super-fit (Para. 1) a. physically better than usual 体能超级好的 The marathon runners are expected to be super-fit. Translation: 马拉松运动员应该是体能超级好的。

Word formation Meaning Examples super- a prefix that is used to express more, better, or bigger than usual superhero, superpower, superstar, supermarket, superhighway, super-rich, super-efficient, supersonic …

3. contest (Para. 1) 1) n. [C] a competition or a situation in which two or more people or groups are competing with each other 比赛；竞赛 I’m going to sign up for the badminton contest. Translation: 我打算报名参加羽毛球比赛。

3. contest (Para. 1) 2) vt. compete for sth. or try to win it 竞争；争夺；角逐 He won the committee’s nomination to contest the FIFA World Player of the Year. Translation: 他获得了委员会的提名，角逐世界足球先生。

4. amateur (Para. 2) 1) a. used about sb. who does sth. because they enjoy it and not as their job 业余爱好者的 The marathon is open to professional as well as amateur athletes. Translation: 职业运动员和业余运动员都可以参加马拉松。

4. amateur (Para. 2) 2) n. [C] sb. who does an activity just for pleasure, not as their job 业余爱好者 I admit I’m just an amateur, but I really love playing tennis and I practice every day. Translation: 我承认我只是个业余爱好者，但我真的热爱打网球，而且我每天都练习。

5. award (Para. 10) 1) vt. officially give sb. sth. such as a prize or money to reward them for sth. they have done 给予；授予 The committee decided to award the champion of the city marathon $5,000. Translation: 组委会决定奖励城市马拉松冠军五千美金。

5. award (Para. 10) 2) n. [C] sth. such as a prize or money given to sb. to reward them for sth. they have done 奖；奖赏；奖金；奖品 The two school girls were presented an award of $500 for their excellent performance at the sports meet. Translation: 这两名女生因为在运动会上的出色表现获得了五百美元的奖金。

Enhancing your skills Language focus Language highlighting Synonyms n.
v. award 正式颁发、授予、给予的“奖；奖赏；奖金；奖品”，常用于鼓励工作中的成就或某个优点，强调荣誉。表示“给予；授予；裁定” reward “回报；报酬；奖赏”，多指对某人的工作或服务等的回报。表示“报答；酬谢；奖赏” prize “奖赏；奖品”，多指在各类竞赛、竞争中获胜而赢得的奖品。表示“珍视；高度重视”

Fill in the following blanks with award, reward, or prize. 1) He won the first _______ in the English competition. The Olympic winner received a gold medal as a(n) ________. The job is demanding, but the financial ________ is great. We _______ honor above money. Her efforts were _________ with huge success in her career. The company _________ him $10,000 for making the suggestions. prize award reward prize rewarded awarded

6. give away (Para. 12) 1) give sth. to sb. because you do not want or need it for yourself 分送，送掉（不需要的东西） The charity fund encourages people to give away some of their possessions and help those homeless orphans. Translation: 慈善基金会鼓励人们将他们的部分财产送给那些无家可归的孤儿们。

6. give away (Para. 12) 2) show where sb. is or what they are doing or thinking when they are trying to keep this a secret 使露马脚；暴露 He tried to conceal his grief, but his voice gave him away. Translation: 他努力想隐藏自己的悲伤，但是他的声音出卖了他。

7. dim (Para. 13) v. 1) if feelings or hopes dim, or are dimmed, they become weaker （使）减弱；（使）变渺茫 His chances of getting a promotion have dimmed due to this fault. Translation: 由于这个失误，他获得升职的希望变得渺茫了。

7. dim (Para. 13) v. 2) if a light dims, or if you dim it, it becomes less bright （使）暗下来；（使）变微弱 The lights in the opera started to dim before the show was about to begin. Translation: 节目开始前，剧院里的灯光开始暗下来。

7. dim (Para. 13) a. fairly dark or not giving much light, so that you cannot see well 阴暗的；昏暗的 The pupil becomes smaller in bright light and larger in dim light. Translation: 瞳孔在光线强时变小，光线弱时变大。

Enhancing your skills Language focus Language highlighting Task 5
Sentence analysis 1. Considered one of the toughest marathon events in the world, the 875-kilometer annual Australian race, a route from Sydney to Melbourne, is a harsh test of endurance for the world’s top athletes, regardless of their age. (Para. 1) a route from Sydney to Melbourne 是 the 875-kilometer annual Australian race 的同位语。 The traditional strategy, one size fits all, is out of date now. Translation: 传统的“一刀切”的策略现在已经过时了。

2. But the press was curious, so as he took his number and moved into the crush of runners in their special, expensive racing gear, the camera focused on him and the assembled reporters shouted question after question at Cliff. (Para. 3) shout 用作及物动词时，常常与 question, greeting, instructions, order, insult 等名词连用。 The captain is shouting orders at the soldiers. Translation: 上尉正在向士兵大声地发布命令。

3. He led all the way to the finish line, smashing the record by finishing the 875-kilometer race in 5 days, 15 hours and 4 minutes – 9 hours faster than anyone before! (Para. 9) smashing the record by finishing the 875-kilometer race in 5 days 中的 smashing 是现在分词做结果状语。 The flood was tremendously destructive, drowning 125 villages downstream in that region. Translation: 那场洪水破坏力极强，淹没了那个地区125个村庄。

4. Cliff came to prominence again in 1997, at age 75, when he attempted to become the oldest man to run around Australia and raise money for homeless children. (Para. 11) come to prominence 变得重要，有名 The theory appeared at the beginning of the century, but it came to prominence only a decade ago. Translation: 该理论本世纪初就出现了，但直到十年前才变得重要起来。

Enhancing your skills Language focus Language highlighting Task 6
Language appreciation 1. Later, he told people that throughout the race he kept focused by imagining he was gathering his sheep and trying to outrun a storm. (Para. 8) keep focused by doing … and doing … 通过…和…保持注意力集中两个并列的分词做 by 的状语，读起来节奏感强。

2. As the famous saying goes, “Where there’s a will, there’s a way!” (Para. 14) As the saying goes, … 俗话说，… Where there’s a will, there’s a way. 有志者事竟成。习语的恰当使用可以给文章增添光彩。

Enhancing your skills Structure analysis Language focus
Presenting your project Language focus Project of the unit Language learning Structure analysis Language highlighting A paragraph of time order Inspiring your thoughts

Enhancing your skills Structure analysis A paragraph of time order
Task 1 Identifying the pattern of time order Step 1 What is the pattern of time order? The pattern of time order is often found in paragraphs that discuss events that happen one after another. In this way the author presents a series of events step by step. Paragraphs written in this pattern are well-organized and are easy for readers to follow.

Step 2 Read the text and list all the signal words concerning time. Paragraph Time Para. 2 On the day of the race in 1983 Para. 7 Soon, the marathon started … As the race progressed along, … the next morning … Para. 8 When he got to a major town … Para. 9 By the fifth night … By the sixth day … Para. 10 When Cliff was awarded the first prize … Para. 11 Cliff came to prominence again in 1997 … Para. 12 For the rest of his life, Cliff kept running. Over the years, … Para. 13 … in the year 2000, he suffered a mild stroke … … passed away on November 2, 2003. Para. 14 To this day, Cliff Young remains a …

Step 3 Find more signal words and expressions that can be used to express the time order. Signals for Examples specific date in / on / at / from / by / for + time beginning events first, firstly, in the first place, at the beginning following events then, next, afterward, later, after earlier events once, before, years ago, in the past, earlier events happening at the same time at the same time, meanwhile, when, while final events lastly, finally, eventually, in the end, at last

Task 2 Presenting a paragraph of time order Step 1 Search online about the information regarding changes of the Olympic Games, including the time, the events and the relevant reasons. Step 2 Write a paragraph of time order, using the information you gained from online searching. Step 3 Share the paragraphs in groups and each group presents their best paragraph to the whole class.

Presenting your project
Developing your ideas Organizing your ideas Presenting your ideas

Project of this unit Debate on the following topic:
Should the size of the Olympic Games be increased? More or Less?

Requirements and procedures
Project of this unit Requirements and procedures Employ as many words and expressions as possible we have learned in the unit, and support your ideas with patterns we have learned in the previous five units. Work in groups of four and decide the position by drawing lots. The whole group work together to form ideas to support your position. One member from each group will be chosen to be the representative to participate in the class debate. The opening and closing speech should be limited within three minutes, adding up with eight-minute free debate in the middle.

Developing your ideas Step 1 Work in groups and role-play a conversation. • Student A: a host / hostess from Campus TV Station who is going to interview students about the Olympic Games. • Students B, C, D: students in this university who are chosen to be the representatives. Questions suggested: Do young people enjoy watching the Olympic Games nowadays? Is it worthwhile for the Olympic athletes to endure the hardships and sufferings? Do you think the Olympic Games need to be held on a larger or smaller scale? 4. What are the major challenges for the host of the Olympic Games?

Organizing your ideas Step 2 Organize your thoughts toward the motion of the debate. Ideas for your position Your topic sentence Why you say that? Words & expressions

Presenting your ideas Step 3 Polish your speech with the following sentence patterns. In addition to the principles of matter, manner and method, which has been discussed in B1U3, there are certain sentence patterns that are quite effective and frequently used in debate. Making refutations. Converting the debate to a new angle / stage. Cutting in on your fellow debaters.

Presenting your ideas 1. Making refutations 1) Pointing out factual errors. Your statistics / examples / cases are actually wrong because … 2) Showing the argument is not supported by any evidence. You merely asserted that ... without providing any relevant examples …

Presenting your ideas 3) Verifying the consequences of the argument are not acceptable (morally, socially, etc.). How could you ban smoking in pubs when it violates the right of the smoker and his friends to socialize together … 4) Proving the argument is not important. Your policy helps on the minority, the smokers, but what about the majority of the non-smokers who have to inhale second-hand smoke …

Presenting your ideas 5) Analyzing the argument is illogical. You claim that banning cigarette advertisements on TV will cause more young people to smoke as it makes smoking more mysterious and enticing, like a forbidden fruit, but I submit to you that the opposite is more likely to be true: Banning a steady stream of advertisements depicting smoking as attractive will REDUCE the number of young people who smoke.

Presenting your ideas 2. Converting the debate to a new angle / stage Well, we’ve been debating about the point of … for some time. It’s advisable to look at another perspective of this issue / motion. Ok, I don’t think we should confine our debate to this angle only. So it’s desirable to talk about the issue / motion from another aspect, that is, … Actually, there are more essential factors concerning the topic today. I mean … I’d love to expand our debate today to a much broader field. Talking about the national / interior / personal feature of this issue is far from enough. What is more important is the international / exterior / public factor!

Presenting your ideas 3. Cutting in on your fellow debaters My dear fellow debater, I have to point out that … Well, there is one fatal logical error about what you said just now … I need to clarify the point that … Ladies and gentlemen, what my fellow debater said just now doesn’t hold the water. I can prove his / her argument is wrong with the following statistics / examples / analysis …

Criteria for self-evaluation and peer-evaluation
Presenting your project Criteria for self-evaluation and peer-evaluation Criteria Comments clear position supportive evidence logical structure effective refutation good words and sentences proper manners merits worth learning things to be improved

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