1. Instructors: George Crowl
ABL-5
Able
Safety
This PowerPoint is provided for those who may not have appropriate training aids available in a ship or location. This generally follows a companion lesson plan available at I expect you to modify it to fit your situation and teaching style. I am more concerned that Scouts learn than this fit a specific style. I am, however, a fan of the Effective Teaching model. Teaching EDGE is somewhat simplistic in its approach, but that has some advantages.
Note: These lesson plans may also be used for teaching in the ship. For administrative convenience, they cover the entire specific numbered requirement (except one, where Galley is covered separately!). Individual Sea Scout Academy lessons may only cover part of the requirements. Similarly, ships may find that even just a portion of a subrequirement is all that can be done during a particular ship meeting. Adapt these lessons as needed to fit your youth and your situation. Share these plans with your youth who are teaching.
Philosophy: Sea Scout Academy’s primary purpose is to teach the material to the Sea Scout. If the Sea Scout demonstrates mastery of parts of the subject, then the instructor should annotate on the class roster what has been passed, in the instructor’s opinion. Skippers have the right to re-examine any Sea Scout in any requirement. (Knots are not a good subject to give a pass in.) SSA may schedule only portions of ORD-8.
Instructors: George Crowl

2. Course Outline
a. Develop and use a customized vessel safety checklist for a boat used by your ship.
b. Demonstrate your understanding of fire prevention on vessels.
c. Know the classes of fires and the substances that will extinguish each class of fire.
d. In a safe place, under adult supervision, demonstrate your ability to extinguish a Class A and a Class B fire with an approved fire extinguisher. If required, see that the fire extinguisher used is properly recharged or replaced.
Requirements: 5. Safety
a. Develop and use a customized vessel safety checklist for a boat used by your ship.
b. Demonstrate your understanding of fire prevention on vessels.
c. Know the classes of fires and the substances that will extinguish each type of fire.
d. In a safe place, under adult supervision, demonstrate your ability to successfully extinguish a class A and a class B fire with an approved fire extinguisher. See that the fire extinguisher used is properly recharged or replaced.
e. Conduct a fire safety inspection of the vessel normally used by your ship or of your ship’s meeting place. Note any fire hazards and report them to your ship’s adult leaders.
f. Complete the American Red Cross Standard First Aid course.
g. Obtain CPR certification from a certified agency.
h. Demonstrate the Heimlich maneuver and tell when it is used.
References:
“Safety Equipment,” pp ; Federal Requirement and Safety Tips for Recreational Boats (US Coast Guard.).
“Fire Prevention” p. 80
“Classes of Fire” pp. 81-2;
“Using a Hand-Held Fire Extinguisher” p. 82;
Fire Safety merit badge pamphlet, No

3. Course Outline (2)
e. Conduct a fire safety inspection of the vessel normally used by your ship or of your ship's meeting place. Note any fire hazards and report them to your ship's adult leaders.
f. Complete the certification for standard first aid through the American Red Cross, the American Heart Association, or other approved organization’s course.
g. Complete the certification for CPR through the American Red Cross, the American Heart Association, or other approved organization’s course.
Requirements: 5. Safety
a. Develop and use a customized vessel safety checklist for a boat used by your ship.
b. Demonstrate your understanding of fire prevention on vessels.
c. Know the classes of fires and the substances that will extinguish each type of fire.
d. In a safe place, under adult supervision, demonstrate your ability to successfully extinguish a class A and a class B fire with an approved fire extinguisher. See that the fire extinguisher used is properly recharged or replaced.
e. Conduct a fire safety inspection of the vessel normally used by your ship or of your ship’s meeting place. Note any fire hazards and report them to your ship’s adult leaders.
f. Complete the American Red Cross Standard First Aid course.
g. Obtain CPR certification from a certified agency.
h. Demonstrate the Heimlich maneuver and tell when it is used.
References:
“Safety Equipment,” pp ; Federal Requirement and Safety Tips for Recreational Boats (US Coast Guard.).
“Fire Prevention” p. 80
“Classes of Fire” pp. 81-2;
“Using a Hand-Held Fire Extinguisher” p. 82;
Fire Safety merit badge pamphlet, No

4. ABL-5a
a. Develop and use a customized vessel safety checklist for a boat used by your ship.
5a. Develop and use a customized vessel safety checklist for a boat used by your ship.

5. Vessel Safety Checklist
Every Sea Scout vessel should have its own
Nearly every Sea Scout vessel is different, meaning each checklist is different
Start with Vessel Safety Check checklist
Add BSA specific items that are required
All Sea Scout vessels should have a customized vessel checklist. Sea Scouts do not normally use a vessel on a daily basis, and therefore have not memorized the important steps in preparing or securing a vessel from sailing. There are a number of common points in preparing a 26-34' sloop for a day's sail, but with the plethora of brands and sizes, there is no one- size-fits-all checklist. If your ship does not have individual checklists for all its vessels, this is an ideal task to set for the Able candidate. If the checklist is already fully developed and in use, you could ask if there are any recommendations for improvement in the checklist.
The basis for a checklist should be the USCG Vessel Safety Check ( which identifies all the items required by law, and the items highly recommended by the USCG. In addition, the BSA requires certain items on board that are recommended by the USCG, including a VHF radio. It is not necessary to check each item on these lists every time if the vessel is secure. If it is not secure, they should be checked each time, because there may be a tendency for some items to disappear.
All Sea Scout vessels should have a customized vessel checklist. Sea Scouts do not normally use a vessel on a daily basis, and therefore have not memorized the important steps in preparing or securing a vessel from sailing. There are a number of common points in preparing a 26-34' sloop for a day's sail, but with the plethora of brands and sizes, there is no one-size-fits-all checklist. If your ship does not have individual checklists for all its vessels, this is an ideal task to set for the Able candidate. If the checklist is already fully developed and in use, you could ask if there are any recommendations for improvement in the checklist.
The basis for a checklist should be the USCG Vessel Safety Check ( which identifies all the items required by law, and the items highly recommended by the USCG. In addition, the BSA requires certain items on board that are recommended by the USCG, including a VHF radio. It is not necessary to check each item on these lists every time if the vessel is secure. If it is not secure, they should be checked each time, because there may be a tendency for some items to disappear.

6. Vessel Operations Checklist
Pre-sailing, post-sailing, equipment operation
Scouts usually don't sail a given boat that often
Checklists remind them of every step needed
They are a safety aid
Aircrew who fly nearly every day use their checklists, Sea Scouts who sail a particular boat maybe 4-6 times a years should use theirs.
The pre-sail and post-sail checklists should be developed to aid Sea Scouts in preparing for the sail in an efficient and expeditious manner. If you have no experience with them, we suggest you contact with a short description of your vessel (length, trailerable, engine, etc.) so you may be provided a sample checklist that has been prepared for a similar vessel. That checklist WILL have to be modified by an experienced person who will determine if each item is needed, other items are needed, and the proper order for those items on that vessel. This author prefers the “command-response” style favored by the aviation community.
Using the checklist is best done by reading the command, doing the item, and repeating the response. As proficiency and tenure increase, it is possible to “just do” the items, but then to pick up the checklist and read it, and respond to the prompt by saying it is done. If you have not done something, do it when the item comes up. Do not be slack about it, airline and military aircrew use their checklists faithfully, and they are far more proficient than you are.A
The pre-sail and post-sail checklists should be developed to aid Sea Scouts in preparing for the sail in an efficient and expeditious manner. If you have no experience with them, we suggest you contact with a short description of your vessel (length, trailerable, engine, etc.) so you may be provided a sample checklist that has been prepared for a similar vessel. That checklist WILL have to be modified by an experienced person who will determine if each item is needed, other items are needed, and the proper order for those items on that vessel. This author prefers the “command-response” style favored by the aviation community.
Using the checklist is best done by reading the command, doing the item, and repeating the response. As proficiency and tenure increase, it is possible to “just do” the items, but then to pick up the checklist and read it, and respond to the prompt by saying it is done. If you have not done something, do it when the item comes up. Do not be slack about it, airline and military aircrew use their checklists faithfully, and they are far more proficient than you are.

7. ABL-5b Demonstrate your understanding of fire prevention on vessels
There are several areas to emphasize in fire prevention: galley, electrical, engines, fueling, and lockers.

8. Galley Most common source of fires Can't see flame on alcohol stoves
Propane may pop or leak
Grease will catch on fire
Turn off stove and fuel
Use fire extinguisher at hand in galley area
Probably the most common cause of fires on boats is the galley. Alcohol stoves can be a problem since you can't normally see the flame. Make sure you follow directions carefully. Propane is more obvious, but pops and flares need to be fixed immediately. Have a clean working area. Grease, such as bacon grease, is hazard and must be handled carefully. If the stove flares up, turn off the fuel, and use the fire extinguisher, which must be immediately available in the galley area.A
There are several areas to emphasize in fire prevention: galley, electrical, engines, fueling, and lockers.
Probably the most common cause of fires on boats is the galley. Alcohol stoves can be a problem since you can't normally see the flame. Make sure you follow directions carefully. Propane is more obvious, but pops and flares need to be fixed immediately. Have a clean working area. Grease, such as bacon grease, is a hazard and must be handled carefully. If the stove flares up, turn off the fuel, and use the fire extinguisher, which must be immediately available in the galley area.

9. Electrical Prevention is best. Don't jury-rig wiring.
Insure right size
Check it regularly, especially around the engine
Nothing in contact with wiring and connectors except insulation and holders
If you smell insulation or wiring, shut down your electrical system and find the problem
Electrical fires are second most common. You may be able to detect them by the unique electrical smell. Prevention is the best cure. Don't jury-rig wiring. Insure it is the right size. Check it regularly, especially around the engines. Nothing should be in contact with wiring and connectors except their routing materials.
Electrical fires are second most common. You may be able to detect them by the unique electrical smell. Prevention is the best cure. Don't jury-rig wiring. Insure it is the right size. Check it regularly, especially around the engines. Nothing should be in contact with wiring and connectors except their routing materials.

10. Gasoline Engines Sea Scouts still have some!
Backfire flame arrestors are mandatory
Open hatches and run blower five minutes before starting
Fumes do accumulate in engine compartment
Several boats blow up each year from gasoline fumes
We still have some gasoline engines on old boats that might be used by Sea Scouts. Carburators must have backfire control devices installed. You must open hatches and run the blower for five minutes before starting because fumes accumulate in the engine compartment. Each year several boats blow up because of gasoline fumes.
We still have some gasoline engines on old boats that might be used by Sea Scouts. Carburetors must have backfire control devices installed. You must open hatches and run the blower for five minutes before starting because fumes accumulate in the engine compartment. Each year several boats blow up because of gasoline fumes.

11. Diesel Engines Much less likely to blow up
Worn fuel line will spill fuel
Hot engine will set it off
Keep engine compartment clean, check it
Diesel engines are much less hazardous, but a worn fuel line will cause a spill and ignition. Keep all engine compartments clean, well ventilated, and with good fuel lines.
Diesel engines are much less hazardous, but a worn fuel line will cause a spill and ignition. Keep all engine compartments clean, well ventilated, and with good fuel lines.

12. Fueling the Boat
Engine off, no open flames, passengers off, hatches closed, portable tanks off the boat
Metal-to-metal contact prevents sparks
Correct fuel tank, listen to sounds, no overfill
Prevent spills, spill cleanup material on hand
Ventilate the boat, use blower, check for fumes
Fuel the boat carefully. No open flames, engine off, hatches closed, passengers off, portable tanks off the dock. Metal-to-metal contact on the correct fill tank, absorbent material for any spills, and listen for the sound of filling the tank. Clean up any spills, ventilate the boat, check for fumes, operate the blower before starting.
Fuel the boat carefully. No open flames, engine off, hatches closed, passengers off, portable tanks off the dock. Metal-to-metal contact on the correct fill tank, absorbent material for any spills, and listen for the sound of filling the tank. Clean up any spills, ventilate the boat, check for fumes, operate the blower before starting.

13. Miscellaneous Don't store gasoline below decks
Propane lockers ventilate to outside
Keep charcoal dry
Oily rags can spontaneously combust
Paint, solvents, grease and oil off the boat, or if not possible, in a metal locker
Know where your flares / emergency equipment are stored and how to get into them
Don't store gasoline in the interior. Propane lockers should ventilate to the outside. Keep charcoal dry. No oily rags in lockers, they can spontaneously combust. Keep paint, solvents, grease and oil off the boat if possible, otherwise in a metal locker.
Ensure that your emergency flares are accessible. They are often kept in a waterproof container that protects them.
Don't store gasoline in the interior. Propane lockers should ventilate to the outside. Keep charcoal dry. No oily rags in lockers, they can spontaneously combust. Keep paint, solvents, grease and oil off the boat if possible, otherwise in a metal locker.
Ensure that your emergency flares are accessible. They are often kept in a waterproof container that protects them.

14. ABL-5c
Know the classes of fires and the substances that will extinguish each type of fire

15. Fire Triangle Must have heat, fuel and oxygen for fire
Remove any one, fire goes out
Usually, sweep extinguisher side to side, aim at base of flames
Move closer if safely able
Discuss the fire triangle, heat, fuel, oxygen. Fire extinguishing agents must be directed at the base of the fire to be effective, no matter what kind. Usually, sweep in across the fire, from side to side and front to back. Move forward if required, but do not endanger yourself.
Discuss the fire triangle, heat, fuel, oxygen. Fire extinguishing agents must be directed at the base of the fire to be effective, no matter what kind. Usually, sweep in across the fire, from side to side and front to back. Move forward if required, but do not endanger yourself.

16. Class A Fire Wood, fabric, paper, trash
Put out with water, foam, or powder
Use Type A extinguisher:
ABC powder – on most boats
A water – pressurized or soda-acid
A water – backpack pump
Discuss Class A, B, and C fires.
Class A - Wood, fabric, paper, trash. Can be put out with water, foam or powder. Use a Class A extinguisher, such as a backpack or a soda-acid invertable extinguisher.
Class A - Wood, fabric, paper, trash. Can be put out with water, foam or powder. Use a Class A extinguisher, such as a backpack or a soda-acid invertible extinguisher. A bucket of water from over the side works too.

17. Class B Fire Gas, diesel, grease, etc. Water spreads the fire
Cut off the oxygen
Use Type B fire extinguisher
ABC dry chemical on boats
B foam
BC carbon dioxide on larger boats
BC Halon on large boats
Class B - Gas, diesel, grease, etc. Water spreads it. Can be put out by cutting off oxygen, use foam, dry chemical, (halon) and carbon dioxide.
Class B - Gas, diesel, grease, etc. Water spreads it. Can be put out by cutting off oxygen, use foam, dry chemical, (halon) and carbon dioxide.

18. Class C Fire Electrical – live circuit, insulation, etc.
Never water – conducts electricity
Cut power to the fire
Use Type C fire extinguisher
ABC dry chemical on boat
BC carbon dioxide
BC Halon
Class C - Electrical. Put out with dry chemical, (halon) or carbon dioxide. NEVER water, conducts electricity.
Most vessel extinguishers are ABC. You should buy that kind for Sea Scout vessels.
Class C - Electrical. Put out with dry chemical, (halon) or carbon dioxide. NEVER water, conducts electricity.

19. Fire Extinguishing Agents (1)
Water – (A) Acts by cooling the fire
Foam – (AB) Acts by cooling and cutting off oxygen. Foam blankets fuel, cuts off flammable vapors from the air.
Dry chemical – (ABC) Knocks down flames, cuts off air. Some cooling with powder. Often corrosive.
Fire extinguishing agents:
Water - effective on Class A fires, acts by drowning the fire (cooling it).
Foam - effective on Class A/B fires, acts by drowning and cutting off air. Foam blankets the fuel surface smothering the fire. The fuel is cooled by the water content of the foam. The foam blanket suppresses the release of flammable vapors that can mix with the air.
Dry chemical - effective on Class A/B fires, acts by knocking down flames and cutting off air. Somewhat cooled by powder. Very corrosive.
(Halon) - effective on Class A/B/C fires. Denies oxygen, smothers the fire. Designed for use on electrical fires. No new Halon systems are being made, but you may find one on some vessels. Halotron is new material – more environmentally friendly.
Fire extinguishing agents:
Water - effective on Class A fires, acts by drowning the fire (cooling it).
Foam - effective on Class A/B fires, acts by drowning and cutting off air. Foam blankets the fuel surface smothering the fire. The fuel is cooled by the water content of the foam. The foam blanket suppresses the release of flammable vapors that can mix with the air.
Dry chemical - effective on Class A/B/C fires, acts by knocking down flames and cutting off air. Somewhat cooled by powder. Very corrosive.

20. Fire Extinguishing Agents (2)
Halon – (ABC) Denies oxygen, smothers fire. Designed for electrical fires. New is Halotron.
Carbon Dioxide – (C + A/B) Denies oxygen, smothers fire. Gas displaces air. Can smother a person as well. Most effective on small fires in enclosed spaces.
Carbon dioxide - effective on Class C fires, with some applicability to A/B. Denies oxygen, smothers the fire. Gas displaces oxygen, can smother a human in enclosed spaces. Most effective in small fires and enclosed spaces.
(Halon) - effective on Class A/B/C fires. Denies oxygen, smothers the fire. Designed for use on electrical fires. No new Halon systems are being made, but you may find one on some vessels. Halotron is new material – more environmentally friendly
Carbon dioxide - effective on Class C fires, with some applicability to A/B. Denies oxygen, smothers the fire. Gas displaces oxygen, can smother a human in enclosed spaces. Most effective in small fires and enclosed spaces.

21. ABL-5d
In a safe place, under adult supervision, demonstrate your ability to extinguish a class A and a class B fire with an approved fire extinguisher. If required, see that the fire extinguisher used is properly recharged or replaced.
Prior to lighting the fires, the adult overseeing the exercise and each participant (in turn) should don safety glasses and heavy work gloves as a precaution.
Set up the fire pit prior to the class. Set off the trash fire and allow it to build. Demonstrate the fire-fighting sweep with a Class A extinguisher. Then, have the Sea Scouts put out portions of the trash fire with a Class A extinguisher. Only portions, otherwise only one person will have a chance to practice!
Set up the burn pan prior to the class. Light the liquid, using a road flare tied to a long stick. Have each student extinguish the pan with an ABC extinguisher, then relight the pan for the next person. Emphasize fire-fighting procedure.
We do not expect the Sea Scouts to recharge the used fire extinguishers, that is the job of professional fire equipment companies. Our experience is that many companies have outdated fire extinguishers on hand that cannot be recharged, but will work for this purpose. In many cases, they are expired and thrown away.
Summarize the class.

22. Two Fires Trash fire – use water extinguisher
Just put out a little bit, leave the rest for the next person!
Diesel fire – use dry chemical extinguisher
Put it all out, we will re-start it
Follow procedure
Set up the fire pit prior to the class. Set off the trash fire and allow it to build. Demonstrate the fire-fighting sweep with a Class A extinguisher. Then, have the Sea Scouts put out portions of the trash fire with a Class A extinguisher. Only portions, otherwise only one person will have a chance to practice!
Set up the burn pan prior to the class. Light the liquid, using a road flare tied to a long stick. Have each student extinguish the pan with an ABC extinguisher, then relight the pan for the next person. Emphasize fire- fighting procedure.
Prior to lighting the fires, the adult overseeing the exercise and each participant (in turn) should don safety glasses and heavy work gloves as a precaution.
Set up the fire pit prior to the class. Set off the trash fire and allow it to build. Demonstrate the fire-fighting sweep with a Class A extinguisher. Then, have the Sea Scouts put out portions of the trash fire with a Class A extinguisher. Only portions, otherwise only one person will have a chance to practice!

23. P A S S PULL – Pull the locking pin at the top
AIM – Aim the hose at the base of the flames
SQUEEZE – Squeeze the handle
SWEEP – Sweep the hose side to side while aiming at the base of the flames
Pull the pin at the top of the extinguisher. Pulling the pin allows you to discharge the extinguisher.
Aim at the base of the fire, not the flames. This is important - in order to put out the fire, you must extinguish the fuel.
Squeeze the lever slowly. This releases the extinguishing agent in the extinguisher. If you release the handle, the discharge will stop.
Sweep from side to side. Using a sweeping motion, move the fire extinguisher back and forth until the fire is completely out. Operate the extinguisher from a safe distance, several feet away, and then move towards the fire once it starts to diminish. Be sure to read the instructions on your fire extinguisher - different fire extinguishers recommend operating them from different distances. Remember: Aim at the base of the fire, not at the flames!!!!
Set up the burn pan prior to the class. Use diesel fuel. Sometimes a LITTLE gasoline is needed to initially light the fuel. Light the liquid, using a road flare tied to a long stick. Have each student extinguish the pan with an ABC extinguisher, then relight the pan for the next person. Emphasize fire-fighting procedure.
Pull the pin at the top of the extinguisher. Pulling the pin allows you to discharge the extinguisher.
Aim at the base of the fire, not the flames. This is important - in order to put out the fire, you must extinguish the fuel.
Squeeze the lever. This releases the extinguishing agent in the extinguisher. If you release the handle, the discharge will stop.
Sweep from side to side. Using a sweeping motion, move the fire extinguisher back and forth until the fire is completely out. Operate the extinguisher from a safe distance, several feet away, and then move towards the fire once it starts to diminish. Be sure to read the instructions on your fire extinguisher - different fire extinguishers recommend operating them from different distances. Remember: Aim at the base of the fire, not at the flames!!!!

24. Do the Exercise
Go do P A S S ! A

25. ABL-5e
Conduct a fire safety inspection of the vessel normally used by your ship or of your ship’s meeting place. Note any fire hazards and report them to your ship’s adult leaders. T

26. Inspect Your Vessel Use part 5b as a guide for your inspection
Check housekeeping – flammables, liquids, etc.
Write discrepancies down
Follow up
If conducting a fire safety inspection of the ship's vessel, consult section 5b for hints. Look for each of the major fire hazard areas. Poor housekeeping is likely to be the biggest culprit, but take the time to look at the wiring around the engine and all the storage lockers. Many ships have a “gripe book” in which all discrepancies are to be written down. Write them down!
If conducting a fire safety inspection of the ship's vessel, consult section 5b for hints. Look for each of the major fire hazard areas. Poor housekeeping is likely to be the biggest culprit, but take the time to look at the wiring around the engine and all the storage lockers. Many ships have a “gripe book” in which all discrepancies are to be written down. Write them down!

27. Inspect Your Meeting Room
Two exits
Doors open outward
No flames except in kitchen
Fire extinguishers
No hazardous storage
Adult responsibility to work with building owner to address any issues
If conducting a fire safety inspection of the ship's meeting place, some of the inspection items will be similar. Look for the following items: Minimum of two exits. All doors open outward. No flames inside except in the kitchen appliances. Make sure you have accessible fire extinguishers, especially in areas that have kitchens. Trash in closets can be an issue. There should be no flammable liquids inside a building. Assuming the building is shared with other organizations, it should be the adult leader responsibility to report the problems and work with the other organizations to solve the issues.
If conducting a fire safety inspection of the ship's meeting place, some of the inspection items will be similar. Look for the following items: Minimum of two exits. All doors open outward. No flames inside except in the kitchen appliances. Make sure you have accessible fire extinguishers, especially in areas that have kitchens. Trash in closets can be an issue. There should be no flammable liquids inside a building. Assuming the building is shared with other organizations, it should be the adult leader responsibility to report the problems and work with the other organizations to solve the issues.

28. ABL-5f
Complete the certification for standard first aid through the American Red Cross, the American Heart Association, or other approved organizations' starndard first aid course.
Contact your local American Red Cross office. Some councils have Venturing crews or other units that specialize in ARC training. T
Red Cross certificates are valid for two years. Contact your local Red Cross chapter for class schedules. Some local school systems require the training and certification, which will meet BSA standards. Check when your Sea Scouts can get the training. At the end of the certification period, there are ways to review and take the test, or just challenge the test, which should take less time and money. This requirement does not say to be currently certified at the time of the Bridge of Review. Wilderness Remote First Aid is a good course to take, given that we are out on the water and perhaps several hours from medical help.

29. ABL-5g
Complete the certification for CPR through the American Red Cross, the American Heart Association, or other approved organizations' course.
Contact your local American Red Cross office or American Heart Association provider. Some councils have Venturing crews or other units that specialize in ARC training. T
Red Cross and American Heart Association certificates are valid for two years. Contact your local Red Cross or AHA chapter for class schedules. Some local school systems require the training and certification, which will meet BSA standards. Check when your Sea Scouts can get the training. At the end of the certification period, there are ways to review and take the test, or just challenge the test, which should take less time and money. This requirement does not say to be currently certified at the time of the Bridge of Review.

30. Demonstrate the Heimlich maneuver and tell when it is used.
[This requirement has been removed, but in the opinion of the writer it still should be taught, so it has been left in the presentation.]
Demonstrate the Heimlich maneuver and tell when it is used.
NOTE: This is no longer a requirement. In the opinion of the writer, it still should be taught, and therefore has been left in.
The Heimlich maneuver is often taught in first aid or CPR classes. If properly demonstrated there, the requirement is met. If not, follow the instructions in the Sea Scout manual (p. 98), having the student demonstrate. The student MUST NOT give actual upward squeezes to the simulated victim, injury may result. Remember, do not use the Heimlich maneuver if the victim is breathing in some way.
The Heimlich maneuver is often taught in first aid or CPR classes. If properly demonstrated there, the requirement is met. If not, follow the instructions available on-line or in publications by the ARC or AHA, having the student demonstrate. The student MUST NOT give actual upward squeezes to the simulated victim, injury may result. Remember, do not use the actual Heimlich thrusts unless they are actually needed.

31. When to Use Heimlich Maneuver
Choking
Conscious
Can't breath
May have hands around neck
Encourage coughing
Next – hard slaps on back
If no success – use Heimlich maneuver
If breathing in any way, don't use Heimlich
Heimlich Maneuver
If someone is choking but conscious and cannot breathe or speak, something has blocked the airway. Encourage the victim to cough, and if that does not dislodge whatever is blocking the airway, then administer some firm back slaps with the heel of your hand on the victim’s upper back. If the airway remains blocked, you will need to perform the Heimlich maneuver.

32. Heimlich Maneuver 1. Have victime stand 2. Arms around victim at waist
3. Make a fist, thumb toward victim
4. Grab fist with other hand, make 4-5 squeeze thrusts into abdomen, forcing air out of lungs
5. Repeat until dislodged
1. If the victim is sitting, ask them to stand.
2. Put your arms around the victim at the waist.
3. Make a fist with one hand and place your thumb toward the victim just above the navel.
4. Grab your fist with your other hand and give four to five upward squeeze thrusts to the victim’s abdomen. Make the squeeze tight enough to dislodge the foreign body. (Your thrusts are forcing the diaphragm to move air out of the victim’s lungs to create an artificial cough.)
5. Repeat the maneuver until the object is dislodged.

33. Questions? R