1. Problem How to manipulate material on a nano scale effectively?
Limited supply of organs and tissue donations.

2. Bioprinting!

3. What is it? Simply a printer (yep…just like your computer)
It is 3D though!
Live cells are layered to create an organic structure
What is bio-ink and bio-paper?

4. Bio-ink and bio-paper
Bio-ink spheroid = aggregate of tens of thousands of cultured cells.
Bio-paper gel = water and sugar based paper scaffold made out of collagen, gelatin, or other hydrogel.

5. Where does the ink and paper go?
Works with three “ink” compartments just like a standard printer.
Two compartments for different cell types and the third for biopaper.

6. Can’t buy this ink at OfficeMax
The cells used to make the bioink can come from other animals (chickens have been used before to make blood vessels).
Patient’s own stem cells MUCH better.
Eliminates rejection from body.
Internal structures naturally form on their own after printing has taken place.

7. Bioprinting in Action

8. Bio Printing Advantages
What can it do and how can it do it?

9. The Ink
Can use polymers to create non living material or use adult stem cells, as well as embryonic cells, in the body as the ink to build
Will be a large reduction of human immuno-respons, because the cells are from the host’s body
Future of organ transplants, veins, and cartilage can be synthesized
IE using it for dialysis using AV graft.

10. Prosthetics For You Prosthetics can now be a made to order thing.
They can also use moving parts, increasing the realism of the prosthetic
Use in bone repair and reconstruction
IE Columbia University and Dentistry

11. Making Drugs From Scratch
Since drugs are made up of organic molecules, can use specific organic synthesized molecules as in, thus making drugs
University of Glasglow has made Ibprophin

12. Medical Revolution
Change in Clinical trials: Can create specific organs to try out new medications, thus resulting in the elimination of animal testing.
Future Surgical Procedures:
Instant organ replacement
Spray on or “print on” medical treatments
IE Skin, Wake Forest Medical School

13. What Are The “Extreme Possibilities”
Facial reconstruction
Life extension
Industrial Convergence between doctors, engineers and computer scientists

14. Complications

15. Fragility Embryonic stem cells are fragile
Mixture of adult and embryonic
Mostly embryonic
Adult stem cells are harder to track down
Embryonic can be cultured in a lab

16. Structures Certain organs are more complicated than others
Vascularization, internal structure
Cartilage may come soon
Eventually bone, liver, etc.

17. Connections
Difficult to connect the bioprinted tissue to the real tissue
Blood vessels
Currently the biggest issue

18. Rationale and Ethics Will it promote risky activities?
Extreme sports, dangerous occupations, etc.
Fast food, smoking, drugs, etc.
Overstaying our welcome?
Regular body maintenance (replacing old organs)

19. Check This Out !!!! ‘3D Printing and the Future of Stuff’

20. Sources http://www.explainingthefuture.com/bioprinting.html
“Bioprinting for stem cell research” Savas Tasoglu and Utkan Demirci
“Organ Printing” Callie Thomas