1. Ch. 18-Conflict on the Frontier
Lessons

2. Main Idea: Native American raids proved too difficult to stop.
Raids on the Frontier
Main Idea: Native American raids proved too difficult to stop.
Detail: Too few troops were posted at forts.
Detail: Forts were many miles apart.

3. 1. True--The U.S. government met with Native American groups at Medicine Lodge Creek in Kansas to seek peace.
2. False- The U.S. government provided food for the Native Americans as a gesture of peace.
3. False--Under the treaty, Native Americans agreed to stop opposition to the construction of railroads across the Plains, give up claims to the lands of the Plains, and to move onto reservations.

4. 4. True--Native Americans would receive land, supplies, and the promise that no settlers or army soldiers would enter the reservations.
5. False- Many Native American leaders refused to sign the treaty afflict on the Frontier

5. Failed Attempts at Peace
1. After the Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek was signed, armed conflict continued across the Plains.
2. Many federal agents sold the supplies that were meant for reservations.
3. President Grant believed in treating the Native Americans kindly and with fairness.

6. 4. Lawrie Tatum was a Quaker who taught Native Americans how to farm.
5. A Kiowa leader named Lone Wolf refused to sign the Treaty of Medicine Lodge Creek.
6. Quanah Parker was a Comanche chief who also refused to sign the treaty.
7. Satanta was called the Orator of the Plains because of his speeches.

7. 8. Kicking Bird advised Native Americans against continued warfare.
9. Neither side lived up to the terms of the Medicine Lodge Creek Treaty.
10. Shortages of food and provisions led to problems on the reservations.

8. Lesson 2-The West Texas Wars
Lesson 2 West Texas Wars
Cause: Reports of Native American raids reached Washington, D.C.
Effect: General Sherman decided to travel west.
Cause: Satanta admitted that he had helped lead the Warren Wagon Train Raid.
Effect: Sherman ordered Satanta and two other Native American leaders arrested and tried for murder.

9. Cause Governor Edmund Davis worried about causing a war.
Effect: Davis changed the sentences of the Native American leaders from death by hanging to life in prison.
Cause: Native Americans raided Henry Warren’s wagon train.
Effect: General Sherman ordered U.S. troops to pursue Native Americans not living on reservations.

10. Early Campaigns and the Buffalo
1. Ranald S. Mackenzie’s first campaign against the Comanche failed.
2. Kiowa attacked settlements along the Rio Grande in South Texas.
F; Kickapoo and Apache attacked settlements along the Rio Grande in South Texas.
3. Buffalo was the main source of food and other goods for the Native Americans of the Plains.

11. 4. False-White traders began to make a profit selling buffalo hides.
5. True-Some settlers in Texas were sympathetic to the Native Americans.

12. 6. True-A law protecting the buffalo was proposed in Texas.
7. False-General Philip Sheridan supported the slaughter of the buffalo

13. The End of the Fighting in West Texas
1. e. A Comanche medicine man had a vision of victory.
2. b. Comanche fighters attacked a camp of buffalo hunters.
3. g. Native American fighters attacked scouts and troopers during the Buffalo Wallow Fight.
4. a. Native Americans were required to register on the reservations.
5. c. Army officers hoped to trap some Native Americans in canyons.
6. d. Colonel Mackenzie led a cavalry unit into Palo Duro Canyon.
7. f. Quanah Parker surrendered at Fort Sill.

14. Buffalo Soldiers Fight the Last Battles
1. True- During the Civil War, African Americans fought in segregated units for the Union Army.
2. False-- Congress formed regiments of African American troops to serve in the West
3. False- “Buffalo soldier” was a term of respect.

15. 4. True-Buffalo soldiers were not always treated fairly by the army.
5. True-White officers often commanded Buffalo Soldiers.
6. True-Nineteen buffalo soldiers received the Medal of Honor for their conduct in the Indian wars.
7. False-Victorio was an Apache leader.

16. 8. True- Buffalo soldiers were given the job of defeating Victorio’s band.
9. False-Colonel Benjamin Grierson and his force of buff alo soldiers eventually located Victorio and his fighters near the Guadalupe Mountains.
10.True- Victorio was defeated by Mexican soldiers.

17. Outlaws along the Rio Grande
1. The area near the _Rio Grande lacked strong law enforcement.
2. Deserters who had left the army during the Civil War often roamed the countryside.
3. Outlaws who carried out robberies and other crimes were known as renegades.
4. The state government sent Texas Rangers to the area in 1874.

18. 5. Rangers commanded by Captain L. H
5. Rangers commanded by Captain L. H. McNelly dumped bodies of cattle rustlers in Brownsville’s town square to serve as a warning.
6. Some Rangers illegaly crossed into Mexico to retrieve stolen cattle in 1875.
7. Juan Cortina led a group that tried to protect the rights of Mexicans and Tejanos along the border.

19. 8. Many families along the border viewed Cortina as a hero but the Rangers believed he stole cattle.
9. Pressure from the United States government forced the Mexican government to arrest Cortina.
10. More patrols by the Rangers and the Mexican Army made the area become more peaceful.

20. Changes in Texas
1. What happened to Texas’s population of white settlers between and 1890?
Texas’s population of white settlers tripled between 1870 and 1890.
2. What happened to Texas’s Native American population between and 1890?
Texas’s Native American population decreased dramatically between and

21. 3. What did railroad lines bring to West Texas?
Railroad lines brought more settlers to West Texas.
4. Where were new cities founded in Texas during this era?
New cities were founded across the Texas Plains.