1. Land Plants
long

2. Phylogeny (evolutionary history) of land plants

3. Bryophytes: mosses
Oldest type of living land plants, ~___ m.y.
No ________ tissue
Poorly-developed _____ and stems
__________ sperm, require water to disperse
Mature mosses have 2 parts:
_______ sporophyte
“spore-bearing plant”
______ gametophyte
“gamete-bearing plant”
Life cycle similar to _____

4. Seedless vascular plants: Ferns and horsetails
Well-developed ____ and _____
__________ sperm, require water
Abundant ~___ mya, _________ Period
Created today’s _____ deposits
Vascular Tissue

5. Life cycle has 2 main stages:
1. Sporophyte (_______)
spores

6. 2. Gametophyte (______) Small, independent ___-bearing structures
2-5 mm

7. Life cycle of a fern Sporophyte (______) Sporophyte grows
from ___-bearing site
of gametophyte
spores
(_____)
meiosis
mitosis
Gametophyte
(______)
fertilization

8. “_____ seeds”: dry woody cover
Gymnosperms:
Primitive seed plants
“_____ seeds”: dry woody cover
Pine nuts
Seed: an embryo packaged with food (______)
embryo
_______
Increases _______ rates of embryos
Resists dehydration, improves ________ ability

9. Known as “cone-bearing” plants
No showy _______
Sperm dispersed by ____
Not flagellated
Contained in _____ “grains”
Most common plants ~___ mya

10. Examples of gymnosperms:
Ginkgos
Cycads
Conifers
Male pine cones
Female pine cones
pines
spruces
firs
junipers

11. Angiosperms: flowering plants
“________ seed”
______
Flower contains sex organs, attracts ________
Dominant plants beginning ____ mya

12. Life cycle of a flowering plant:
Anther
(____)
Flower
Sporophyte
(______)
(haploid _____)
Pollen
Ovary
(_____)
ovule
(haploid ___)
Mitosis
Seed
(______)
Meiosis
Fruit
(_____)
Pollination
Pollen tube
Fertilization

13. Anatomy of vascular plants
Primary root
Roots
_____ plants in soil
Absorb ______ and water
Store ____________
Root hairs
Vascular tissues
(fluid transport)
carrot: a “fleshy tap root”
Root _______
(active cell
division/growth)
Root ___
(protects meristem)

14. (regulate ___ exchange)
Leaves
_________
(photosynthetic)
________
(outer layer)
chloroplasts
vascular
tissue
________
(regulate ___ exchange)
____ cells

15. Stems new leaf terminal bud (______ meristem) lateral bud main shoot
shoot meristems
(active growth/
cell division)
terminal bud (______ meristem)
main shoot
lateral bud
vascular tissue

16. Vascular tissues
Occur throughout stems, leaves & roots
Made up of ____-shaped cells
Two types:
1. ______
Transports _____ and minerals from roots
Cells mostly _____
2. ______
Circulates sugars, nutrients & hormones

17. _______ ________ vascular bundles occur throughout stem vascular
occur in rings

18. Xylem of many trees forms ______________
An example of ________ stem growth (girth)
bark
xylem
phloem
(growth area
for xylem
& phloem)
vascular
_______

19. Absorption of water and nutrients
stomata
Absorption of water and nutrients
Water vapor is lost from leaves
= _____________
xylem
Causes water to be pulled up xylem
by _________ action
Water moves into roots by ________
Contains dissolved nutrients
Root hairs