1. The Six Kingdoms of Classification

2. Classification: The process of putting similar things into groups.
Taxonomy: Is the science of classifying organisms.

3. History of Classification
4000 B.C. Philosopher
Aristotle (Greek)-Created first written classification scheme
TWO Groups - Plants & Animals
Animal group - anything that lived on land, in the water or in the air.
Plant group - based this on their different stems
1500's 's
Many different classification systems created
Many of them really complicated
Names based on common names - This created
confusion
Names also based on long scientific definitions

4. 1700's - Carols Linnaeus - Swedish Biologist
History of Classification Contiued
1700's - Carols Linnaeus - Swedish Biologist
established a simple system for classifying
and naming organisms
Based on structural similarities of organism
Binomial Nomenclature - 2 name naming
system - still in use today.
Created a system of groups called TAXA or TAXON
Each Taxon is a category into which related
organisms are placed
Approximantly 2.5 million kinds of
organisms identified

5. Levels of Classification
Kingdoms
Phyla (Phylum-singular)
Classes
Orders
Families
Genus
Species
(King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti)

6. Scientific Names-always the same for a specific
organism, no matter how many common names it has.
Ex) Tyrannosaurus rex
Dichotomous Keys- help to identify organisms.
Have pairs of descriptive statements
Two alternative responses
Person chooses appropriate statement
Then, directed to another pair of statements.
You can eventually identify organism

7. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Contains single-celled prokaryotic organisms.
This kingdom includes the methangogens, or methane producing bacteria, which must live in an oxygen free environment.
Includes salt-loving bacteria, or halophiles.
Psychrophiles live in extremely cold temperatures and thermopiles live in extremely hot temperatures.

8. Archaebacteria cont.
Acidophilus prefer acidic conditions. These bacteria are the most ancient forms of life on Earth and have existed for over 3 billion years.
The prefix archae means “ancient.”
Archaebacteria live in very extreme environments such as at the bottom of the ocean near the thermal vents, the Great Salt Lake, or in hot springs.

9. Kingdom Erbacteria Found almost anywhere. Single-celled prokaryotes.
Some are disease causing parasites.
Some can photosynthesize to create their own food.
Bacteria are one of the most important decomposers.
Some help make food – yogurt & cheese.

10. Eubacteria cont.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria change the nitrogen in the air into a form that plants can use.
Some bacteria help clean oil-spills.
Some are mobile.
Classified and named according to shape:
Bacillus – rod shaped bacteria
Coccus – spherical shaped
Spirillum – spiral-shaped.

11. Kingdom Protista Eukaryotic Most are unicellular, some multi-cellular.
Protista are both heterotrophic and autotrophic.
Heterotrophic- eat other organisms or decaying matter to obtain energy.
Autotrophic – make their own food by photosynthesis.

12. Protista Cont. Three Groups
Animal like: unicellular, heterotrophic and mobile – these are called protozoan and use cilia, flagella or psuedopods to move. Ex. Amoeba and paramecium
Plant-like: ability to make their own food by photosynthesis. Ex. Euglena and algae.
Fungus-like: decomposers. Ex. Slime molds and downy mildew

13. Kingdom Fungi All eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms.
Most are decomposers, but some are parasitic, such as Athlete’s Foot.
Fungi can be unicellular(ex. Yeast) or multicellular.
Can not move on their own.
Fungi digest their food outside their bodies then absorb it.

14. Fungi Cont.
Classified according to structure and method of reproduction.
Some can be eaten as food, others are poisonous.
Fungi include: black bread mold, baker’s yeast, mushrooms, truffles, and penicillium, the fungus that makes penicillin.

15. Kingdom Plantae
All are autotrophic, eukaryotes, multi-cellular and non-mobile.
Contain chloroplasts and have cell walls that contain cellulose.
Need sunlight, water carbon dioxide and minerals to survive.
Divided into four groups based on three features: water conduction tissues, seeds and flowers.

16. Plantae Cont.
Bryophytes – nonvascular plants. ex. – mosses, liverworts and hornworts.
Seedless vascular plants – ex. Club mosses and ferns.
Seed Plants (divided into two groups)
Gymnosperms (naked seeds) ex. Ginkgoes and conifers.
Angiosperms (enclosed seeds) – 2 types:
Monocots – ex. Corn, wheat and lilies
Dicots – ex. Roses, tomatoes and oaks

17. Kingdom Animalia
All are multi-cellular, made up of eukaryotic cells and are heterotrophs.
Two groups:
Invertebrates – without a backbone. These make up 95% of animal species.
- Vertebrates – with a backbone. These make up the remaining 5% of all animal species.