1. Jack Lee Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand .
An investigation of species sorting and neutral processes during early colonisation of aquatic microcosms.
Jack Lee
Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand .
I’d remove Canterbury, New Zealand, this is pretty obvious to your audience anyway

2. Bacterial Immigration....
About 54,000 Kiwi’s migrated to Australia last year.
However, c x 1015 (1.34 quadrillion) bacterial cells enter NZ on Australian dust particles each year!
Limited knowledge of the impact!
Perfect!!
metric tonnes of dust from Oz to NZ each year (Marx et al .,2009). Very conservative estimate of 104 bacterial cells per gram = bacterial cells a year!

3. Neutral Processes Vs Species Sorting…
TRY TO MENTION STERILE ENVIRONMENTS AS YOU TALK ABOUT THIS – GET THE AUDIENCE READY FOR THE NEXT SLIDE Stress impot
Neutral Processes-
Random migration, deaths, births, ‘speciation’.
Species Sorting-
Niche based sorting.
Deterministic environmental selection

4. Investigate the effects of different immigration times in both pre-sterilised and non-sterilised microcosms. A
23L
pH 7.8 B
150L
pH 7.4 C
550L
pH 7.1
Water = PS NS
Inoculate =
STILL THINK PS AND NS SHOULD BE ADDED TO THE TITLE (IN BRACKETS)
Time =
Water x 3 (A,B,C), Inoculate x 2 (PS, NS), Time x 7, Rep x 3 = 108 microcosms

5. Methods All samples collected after 7 days. All water filtered.
ARISA PCR
DNA Extraction
Ordination diagrams generated and experimental treatments compared (MDS plots).
ARISA performed

6. Neutral theory predicts...
Pre-Sterilised microcosms will show no significant differences in community structure relating to pond water source (A,B or C).
Pre-Sterilised
Non-Sterilised
Key:
= A
= B
= C
= Rain
Process
Pre-Sterilised
Non- Sterilised
Neutral Theory 
MAKE THE WORDS COMMUNITY STRUCTURE STAND OUT MORE. IT LOOKS LIKE THERE IS NO DIFFERENCE (A VERSUS B AND C) WHEN YOU LOOK AT PS, SO YOU’LL HAVE TO EMPHASISE THAT THERE ARE SIGNIFICNAT TRENDS, BUT THAT THEY ARE WEAKER THAN FOR NS
Significant differences between the two inoculates (PS and NS).
Significant differences between the water samples (A, B and C) for both NS inoculates and PS inoculates.
Significant differences in variability between PS samples, with A showing higher dissimilarity, and C showing the highest similarity.
2D stress 0.2
Based on a Bray-Curtis similarity matrix

7. Neutral theory predicts...
There will be no significant differences in community evenness relating to pond water source.
Source of variation
d.f SS F P
(i) PS Sample Data
A v B 1
4.3
0.18
0.69
A v C
22.2
0.83
0.40
B v C
0.70
(ii) NS Sample Data
146
4.19
0.06
767
49.91
<0.01
0.05
Process
Pre-Sterilised
Non-Sterilised
Neutral Theory  
NICE, BUT YOU NEED A LEGEND FOR YOUR TABLE
Lorenz Curve
Contrast results (comparing the effects of water (A,B, C) based on permutational ANOVA of Gini Coefficient data
Glossary: Community Evenness is a measure of the equality or distribution of individuals among species

8. Neutral theory predicts...
There will be fewer differences in community composition between the Pre-Sterilised microcosms and the rain water samples than between the Non-Sterilised microcosms and rain water.
12h
167 h
Pre-Sterilised
Non-Sterilised A B C 45
Relative abundance of taxon (percent of total community)
Taxon (ARISA peak)
PS +NS
Process
Pre Sterilised
Non Sterilised
Neutral Theory  

9. Neutral Model... Makes predictions using only three parameters:
J (total community size),
m (which describes the fraction of recruits coming into the local community from the source pool),
Ɵ (the fundamental biodiversity number).

10. Neutral theory predicts...
That m will increase with increased immigration times.
Process
Pre-Sterilised
Non-Sterilised
Neutral Theory  
Generated using Etienne, 2005.

11. Conclusions…..
Both neutral processes and species sorting appear to be important during the colonisation of aquatic environments.
However, species sorting seems more important in previously colonised environments!
Variable
Process
Non-Sterilised
Pre-Sterilised
Structure (Bray-Curtis)
Neutral Theory 
Evenness 
Composition
neutral parameter m
IF YOU CAN THINK OF AN END STATEMNENT THAT WOULD BE GOOD. SOMETHING ALONG THE LINES OF, THESE RESULTS ARE IMPORTANT BECAUSE….. OR MAYBE YOU COULD PRESENT THIS IN THE CONTEXT OF AUSTRALIAN BACTERIAL IMMIGRATION – DON’T WORRY ABOUT THESE AUSSIE IMMIGRANTS TOO MUCH… THEY HAVE ONLY A SMALL EFFECT BECAUSE WE HAVE A RESIDENT POPULATION OF KIWI BACTERIA WHICH ARE KEEN TO HOLD THEIR GROUND!!

12. Bacterial airborne immigration. ....

13. Thank you. Any Questions?