Regents Test Review Chin-Sung Lin.

Regents Test Review Chin-Sung Lin

Math & Measurement

SI Units The standard (SI) unit for mass is the _________, represented by _________. The SI unit for length or distance is the _________, represented by _________. The standard (SI) unit for time is the _________, represented by _________.

SI Units The standard (SI) unit for mass is the _________, represented by _________. Kilogram kg The SI unit for length or distance is the _________, represented by _________. Meter m The standard (SI) unit for time is the _________, represented by _________. Second s

SI Units Variable Symbol Unit Mass Distance Time Velocity Acceleration
Force

SI Units Variable Symbol Unit Mass m kg Distance d Time t s Velocity v
m/s Acceleration a m/s2 Force F Kg m/s2 or N

Significant Figures The higher the degree of accuracy in a measurement, the greater the number of ___________ we can use for that measurement.

Significant Figures The higher the degree of accuracy in a measurement, the greater the number of ___________ we can use for that measurement. Significant Figures

Significant Figures How many significant figures are in the following numbers? Numbers Significant Figures 0.45 0.01 130 9004.7 607 130.

Significant Figures How many significant figures are in the following numbers? Numbers Significant Figures 0.45 2 0.01 1 130 9004.7 5 607 3 130.

Significant Figures Calculate the following, taking significant figures into account: (203.7m)(76m)= (8.967kg) / (2.3kg)=

Significant Figures Calculate the following, taking significant figures into account: (203.7m)(76m)= 15000 m2 (8.967kg) / (2.3kg)= 3.9

Significant Figures How many significant figures are in: 2.3 x 1014 m
5.684 x 103 s

Scientific Notation How many significant figures are in:
2.3 x 1014 m 2 5.684 x 103 s 4

Scientific Notation (3.45 x 1012 m) (1.6x 108 m) =
(7.8 x102 kg) (6x102 m) =

Scientific Notation (3.45 x 1012 m) (1.6x 108 m) = 5.5 x 1020 m2
(7.8 x102 kg) (6x102 m) = 5 x 105 kg m

Scientific Notation Solve: (4.5 x 1015 kg) (3.34 x 104 m) / (6.7s)2

Scientific Notation Solve: (4.5 x 1015 kg) (3.34 x 104 m) / (6.7s)2
3.3 x 1018 kg m/s2 (or N)

Kinematics

Distance & Displacement
What is the difference between distance and displacement? Which is a vector? Which is a scalar?

What is the difference between distance and displacement? Which is a vector? displacement Which is a scalar? distance

If an object moves 2m north, then 4m east, then 2m south, what is its distance traveled? What is its displacement? (Be able to solve mathematically or graphically)

If an object moves 2m north, then 4m east, then 2m south, what is its distance traveled? 8 m What is its displacement? 4 m, East (Be able to solve mathematically or graphically)

If an object travels 6m west, then 5m south, What is its distance traveled? What is its displacement? (Be able to solve mathematically or graphically)

If an object travels 6m west, then 5m south, What is its distance traveled? m What is its displacement? 8 m, 40o South of East (Be able to solve mathematically or graphically)

Speed & Velocity What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Which is a scalar? Which is a vector?

Speed & Velocity What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Which is a scalar? Speed Which is a vector? Velocity

Speed & Velocity What is the average speed of an object which travels 63m in 3.4s?

Speed & Velocity What is the average speed of an object which travels 63m in 3.4s? 19 m/s

Speed & Velocity What is the average velocity of an object that moves 57m, N in 3.1s?

Speed & Velocity What is the average velocity of an object that moves 57m, N in 3.1s? 18 m/s, North

Acceleration If an object goes from rest to 60. m/s in 15s uniformly, what is its average speed? How far will the object travel in those 15s? what will be the object’s acceleration rate?

Acceleration If an object goes from rest to 60. m/s in 15s uniformly, what is its average speed? 30. m/s How far will the object travel in those 15s? 450 m what will be the object’s acceleration rate? 4.0 m/s2

Acceleration What is the average speed of an object that accelerates uniformly from 3.6 m/s to 5.7 m/s?

Acceleration What is the average speed of an object that accelerates uniformly from 3.6 m/s to 5.7 m/s? 4.7 m/s

Acceleration How far will an object going 6.3m/s travel in 16.7 s?

Acceleration How far will an object going 6.3m/s travel in 16.7 s?

Acceleration What is the acceleration of an object which uniformly changes its velocity from 6.6 m/s to 18.4 m/s in 8.2 s?

Acceleration What is the acceleration of an object which uniformly changes its velocity from 6.6 m/s to 18.4 m/s in 8.2 s? 1.4 m/s2

Acceleration If an object uniformly accelerates from rest and it takes 6.8s to cover a distance of 72m, how fast will It be going at the end of those 6.8s? What is the rate of acceleration?

Acceleration If an object uniformly accelerates from rest and it takes 6.8s to cover a distance of 72m, how fast will It be going at the end of those 6.8s? 21 m/s What is the rate of acceleration? 3.1 m/s2

Acceleration How far will an object go in 9.7 s if it starts from rest and undergoes a uniform acceleration of 2.9 m/s2?

Acceleration How far will an object go in 9.7 s if it starts from rest and undergoes a uniform acceleration of 2.9 m/s2? 140 m

Acceleration When an object is slowing down, the value of its acceleration will be ____________ (+ or -).

Acceleration When an object is slowing down, the value of its acceleration will be ____________ (+ or -). negative (-)

Linear Motion What is the final velocity of an object after 6.0s if it starts from rest and accelerates at 4.3 m/s2?

Linear Motion What is the final velocity of an object after 6.0s if it starts from rest and accelerates at 4.3 m/s2? 26 m/s

Linear Motion What is the final velocity of an object after a distance of 216m if it has an acceleration of 3.6 m/s2?

Linear Motion What is the final velocity of an object after a distance of 216m if it has an acceleration of 3.6 m/s2? 39 m/s

Linear Motion & Graphs In a displacement-time graph, the slope equals the object’s _____________________.

Linear Motion & Graphs In a displacement-time graph, the slope equals the object’s _____________________. Velocity

Linear Motion & Graphs In a velocity-time graph, the slope equals the object’s ________________________.

Linear Motion & Graphs In a velocity-time graph, the slope equals the object’s ________________________. Acceleration

Linear Motion & Graphs In a velocity-time graph, the area beneath the curve equals the object’s ________________.

Linear Motion & Graphs In a velocity-time graph, the area beneath the curve equals the object’s ________________. Displacement

Linear Motion & Graphs Sketch the displacement-time graph that shows an object with a non-zero constant velocity:

Linear Motion & Graphs d t
Sketch the displacement-time graph that shows an object with a non-zero constant velocity: d t

Linear Motion & Graphs Sketch the velocity-time graph for an object undergoing uniform positive acceleration:

Linear Motion & Graphs v t
Sketch the velocity-time graph for an object undergoing uniform positive acceleration: v t

Linear Motion & Graphs = = d t v t a t
Sketch the velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs for the given displacement-time graph: d t v t a t = =

Linear Motion & Graphs = = d t v t a t
Sketch the d-t and a-t graphs for the given v-t graph: d t v t a t = =

Linear Motion What’s the final velocity of an object that starts at 5.9 m/s, and accelerates at 4.0 m/s2 for 2.8s?

Linear Motion What’s the final velocity of an object that starts at 5.9 m/s, and accelerates at 4.0 m/s2 for 2.8s? 17 m/s

Linear Motion How far will an object travel if it starts from rest and accelerates at 7.82 m/s2 for 9.0 s?

Linear Motion How far will an object travel if it starts from rest and accelerates at 7.82 m/s2 for 9.0 s? 320 m

Linear Motion What will be the final velocity of an object that starts at 1.5 m/s, and accelerates at 6.3 m/s2 for a distance of 72m?

Linear Motion What will be the final velocity of an object that starts at 1.5 m/s, and accelerates at 6.3 m/s2 for a distance of 72m? 30. m/s

Free Falling What is the rate of acceleration due to gravity? (neglecting air resistance) What is it represented by?

Free Falling What is the rate of acceleration due to gravity? (neglecting air resistance) 9.81. m/s2 What is it represented by? g

Free Falling When an object is dropped from a height of 28m. how long will it take to hit the ground? how fast will the object be going when it hits the ground?

Free Falling When an object is dropped from a height of 28m. how long will it take to hit the ground? 2.4 s how fast will the object be going when it hits the ground? 23 m/s

Free Falling How fast will an object be going after 6.4 s when it is dropped from rest?

Free Falling How fast will an object be going after 6.4 s when it is dropped from rest? 63 m/s

Free Falling How fast will an object be going after 6.7 s when it is dropped with an initial downward velocity of 1.9 m/s ?

Free Falling How fast will an object be going after 6.7 s when it is dropped with an initial downward velocity of 1.9 m/s ? 68 m/s

Free Falling Is the force of gravity a vector or a scalar?

Free Falling Is the force of gravity a vector or a scalar? Vector

Free Falling If it takes a thrown object 1.7s to go as high as it will go, how long will it take to come back down?

Free Falling If it takes a thrown object 1.7s to go as high as it will go, how long will it take to come back down? 1.7 s

Free Falling How far will an object fall in 5.8s?

Free Falling How far will an object fall in 5.8s? 170 m

Statics

Forces The study of forces at rest is _______________.
The unit for force is the _______________. 1 Newton results in a mass of _____kg having an acceleration of ______m/s2. Are forces vectors or scalars?

Forces The study of forces at rest is _______________. Statics
The unit for force is the _______________. Newton 1 Newton results in a mass of _____kg having an acceleration of ______m/s2. 1, 1 Are forces vectors or scalars? Vectors

Forces Draw a force of 4.5N pulling due east on an object.

Forces Draw a force of 4.5N pulling due east on an object. F = 4.5 N East

Vectors Two or more forces acting on an object at the same time are called ___________________ forces. A single force equal to two or more concurrent forces combined is called the ________________.

Vectors Two or more forces acting on an object at the same time are called ___________________ forces. Concurrent A single force equal to two or more concurrent forces combined is called the ________________. Resultant

Vectors At what angle should two concurrent forces be to obtain the smallest resultant? At what angle should they be to obtain the largest resultant?

Vectors At what angle should two concurrent forces be to obtain the smallest resultant? 180 0 At what angle should they be to obtain the largest resultant? 0 0

Vectors What is the greatest resultant obtainable with two concurrent forces of 4.8 N and 2.3N? What’s the smallest?

Vectors What is the greatest resultant obtainable with two concurrent forces of 4.8 N and 2.3N? 7.1 N What’s the smallest? 2.5 N

Vectors Forces are added ________ to __________.
The resultant can be found graphically, or if the two concurrent forces are at right angles, the resultant can be found using the _________________________________.

Vectors Forces are added ________ to __________. Head, Tail
The resultant can be found graphically, or if the two concurrent forces are at right angles, the resultant can be found using the _________________________________. Pythagorean Theorem

Vectors If a force of 5.5N acts due west on an object while another of 7.8N acts due north, what is the magnitude of the resultant? What is the direction of the resultant?

Vectors If a force of 5.5N acts due west on an object while another of 7.8N acts due north, what is the magnitude of the resultant? 9.5 N What is the direction of the resultant? 55 o N of W

Vectors Using the parallelogram method, find the resultant (magnitude and direction) of a due south 18N force and a due east 26N force.

Vectors Using the parallelogram method, find the resultant (magnitude and direction) of a due south 18N force and a due east 26N force. 32 N, 35 o S of E

Vectors Just as concurrent forces can be combined into a resultant, a single force can be _______________ into two or more _______________ forces. Commonly, these are the X and Y components.

Vectors Just as concurrent forces can be combined into a resultant, a single force can be _______________ into two or more _______________ forces. Commonly, these are the X and Y components. Resolved, Component

Vectors What are the X and Y components of this force? 37 o 16.8 N

Vectors 16.8 N 37 o What are the X and Y components of this force?
X = 13.4 N, Y = 10.1 N 37 o 16.8 N

Equilibrium The force equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the resultant is called the _______________________.

Equilibrium The force equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the resultant is called the _______________________. Equilibrium

Equilibrium Draw a free-body diagram for this problem and solve mathematically: A rod pushes with a force of 61N on a cable that holds an 84N sign. If the cable is at 36 o to the building, what is the tension on the cable? 36 o 84 N 61 N

Equilibrium Draw a free-body diagram for this problem and solve mathematically: A rod pushes with a force of 61N on a cable that holds an 84N sign. If the cable is at 36 o to the building, what is the tension on the cable? 104 N 36 o 84 N 61 N

Equilibrium If a 22N box sits on a 32o ramp, find the parallel and perpendicular forces mathematically. 32 o 22 N

Equilibrium If a 22N box sits on a 32o ramp, find the parallel and perpendicular forces mathematically. Parallel = 12 N Perpendicular = 19 N 32 o 22 N

Equilibrium An object is being held up by two ropes, 120o apart from each other and 120o from the object. What is special about the tension on the ropes in this situation?

Equilibrium An object is being held up by two ropes, 120o apart from each other and 120o from the object. What is special about the tension on the ropes in this situation? The tension on each will equal the weight of the object

Equilibrium If a girl is pulling on a sled rope with a force of 24N at an angle of 47o to the ground, find the horizontal and vertical components of her force. 47 o 24 N

Equilibrium If a girl is pulling on a sled rope with a force of 24N at an angle of 47o to the ground, find the horizontal and vertical components of her force. Horizontal = 16 N Vertical = 18 N 47 o 24 N

Dynamics

Newton’s Law of Motion Dynamics is the study of forces affecting objects that are in ____________________. In one word, describe Newton’s First Law of Motion _______________________.

Newton’s Law of Motion Dynamics is the study of forces affecting objects that are in ____________________. Motion In one word, describe Newton’s First Law of Motion _______________________. Inertia

Newton’s Law of Motion An object that has no net force acting on it may be at _______________, or may be moving at _________________. If there is an unbalanced force, the object will ____________.

Newton’s Law of Motion An object that has no net force acting on it may be at _______________, or may be moving at _________________. Rest, Constant Velocity If there is an unbalanced force, the object will ____________. Accelerate

Newton’s Law of Motion What will be the acceleration resulting from a 6.7N force acting on a 8 kg mass?

Newton’s Law of Motion What will be the acceleration resulting from a 6.7N force acting on a 8 kg mass? 0.8 m/s2

Newton’s Law of Motion What force is needed to accelerate a 345 kg object at 2.3 m/s2 ?

Newton’s Law of Motion What force is needed to accelerate a 345 kg object at 2.3 m/s2 ? 790 N

Newton’s Law of Motion By definition, one Newton =

Newton’s Law of Motion By definition, one Newton =
The force required to accelerate a 1 kg mass at 1 m/s2

Newton’s Law of Motion If you weigh 100N and sit on a chair, with what force is the chair pushing on you?

Newton’s Law of Motion If you weigh 100N and sit on a chair, with what force is the chair pushing on you? 100 N Upward

Newton’s Law of Motion What’s the difference between mass and weight?
As an object travels from Earth to the Moon, what happens to the objects mass and weight?

Newton’s Law of Motion What’s the difference between mass and weight?
Mass – amount of matter. Weight – gravity’s affect on that matter. As an object travels from Earth to the Moon, what happens to the objects mass and weight? Mass stays the same. Weight depends on g.

Newton’s Law of Motion What is the weight of an 18.4 kg object?
What is the mass of a 34N object?

Newton’s Law of Motion What is the weight of an 18.4 kg object? 181 N
What is the mass of a 34N object? 3.5 kg

Newton’s Law of Motion If two objects of 36 kg and 24 kg are accelerated with equal forces, which will have the greater acceleration?

Newton’s Law of Motion If two objects of 36 kg and 24 kg are accelerated with equal forces, which will have the greater acceleration? 24 kg

Newton’s Law of Motion If two objects of different mass are dropped from a window, how does the force of gravity on each compare? How do their accelerations compare?

Newton’s Law of Motion If two objects of different mass are dropped from a window, how does the force of gravity on each compare? Different How do their accelerations compare? The same

Newton’s Law of Motion Is mass a vector or a scalar?
Is weight a vector or a scalar?

Newton’s Law of Motion Is mass a vector or a scalar? Scalar
Is weight a vector or a scalar? Vector

Newton’s Law of Motion If a 67 kg person weighs 300 N on a different planet, what is the gravitational acceleration on that planet?

Newton’s Law of Motion If a 67 kg person weighs 300 N on a different planet, what is the gravitational acceleration on that planet? 4 m/s2

Friction

Friction What are the two types of friction and how do their magnitudes compare?

Friction What are the two types of friction and how do their magnitudes compare? Static (Starting) – Greater Kinetic (Sliding) – Less

Friction What is the normal force?

Friction What is the normal force?
A force acting perpendicular to the surface or opposite to the weight

Friction How does the magnitude and direction of the normal force compare to the magnitude and direction of an object’s weight?

Friction How does the magnitude and direction of the normal force compare to the magnitude and direction of an object’s weight? Equal in magnitude; opposite in direction

Friction How does the direction of the frictional force compare to the direction of the applied force?

Friction How does the direction of the frictional force compare to the direction of the applied force? Opposite in direction

Friction If Fa is the applied force, draw and label the other three forces: Fa

Friction If Fa is the applied force, draw and label the other three forces: FN Fa Ff Fg

Friction The frictional force can be _________than or __________ to the applied force, but never ______________than it.

Friction The frictional force can be _________than or __________ to the applied force, but never ______________than it. Less, Equal, Greater

Friction What is the coefficient of friction? What is its symbol?

Friction What is the coefficient of friction?
The ratio between the frictional and normal forces What is its symbol? μ

Friction If an applied force of 6.2 N keeps an object moving at a constant velocity, what is the frictional force?

Friction If an applied force of 6.2 N keeps an object moving at a constant velocity, what is the frictional force? 6.2 N

Friction What’s the formula used to find the frictional force when the weight and the coefficient of friction are known?

Friction What’s the formula used to find the frictional force when the weight and the coefficient of friction are known? Ef = μ FN

Friction If a 16 N object has a coefficient of friction of .23 with a tabletop, what is the frictional force? If a force of 5.0 N is applied, what will be the net force? What will be the resulting acceleration of the object?

Friction If a 16 N object has a coefficient of friction of .23 with a tabletop, what is the frictional force? 3.7 N If a force of 5.0 N is applied, what will be the net force? 1.3 N What will be the resulting acceleration of the object? 0.8 m/s2

Friction If a box is sitting on a ramp and not sliding down, the frictional force must be equal to the __________________ force. (perpendicular or parallel?)

Friction If a box is sitting on a ramp and not sliding down, the frictional force must be equal to the __________________ force. (perpendicular or parallel?) Parallel

Friction An applied force of 4.7 N is needed to keep a wooden object moving at constant velocity across a wooden floor. What is the weight of the object?

Friction An applied force of 4.7 N is needed to keep a wooden object moving at constant velocity across a wooden floor. What is the weight of the object? 16 N

Impulse & Momentum

Impulse & Momentum What is the symbol for momentum?
What are the units? What is momentum?

Impulse & Momentum What is the symbol for momentum? p
What are the units? kg m/s What is momentum? A vector quantity that factors in the mass and velocity of an object

Impulse & Momentum What is the momentum of a 13.8 kg object moving at 6.0 m/s?

Impulse & Momentum What is the momentum of a 13.8 kg object moving at 6.0 m/s? 83 kg m/s

Impulse & Momentum One 4 kg object moving at 3 m/s strikes an 8 kg object and stops (transfers all of its energy to the 8 kg object). How fast will the 8 kg object travel?

Impulse & Momentum One 4 kg object moving at 3 m/s strikes an 8 kg object and stops (transfers all of its energy to the 8 kg object). How fast will the 8 kg object travel? 1.5 m/s

Impulse & Momentum What is the symbol for impulse?
What are the units for impulse? What is impulse?

Impulse & Momentum What is the symbol for impulse? J
What are the units for impulse? N s What is impulse? The change in momentum of an object due to a force applied over time

Impulse & Momentum If a force of 15 N is applied for 3 s, what is the impulse produced?

Impulse & Momentum If a force of 15 N is applied for 3 s, what is the impulse produced? 50 N s

Impulse & Momentum A force of 9 N applied for 5 s to a 7 kg object will cause what change in the object’s velocity?

Impulse & Momentum A force of 9 N applied for 5 s to a 7 kg object will cause what change in the object’s velocity? 6 m/s

Impulse & Momentum When a rifle is fired, how does the momentum of the bullet compare to the momentum of the rifle?

Impulse & Momentum When a rifle is fired, how does the momentum of the bullet compare to the momentum of the rifle? Equal in magnitude; opposite in direction

Impulse & Momentum If a 50 kg skater moving at 3.5 m/s strikes a 100kg skater at rest, and they cling together, what will be the velocity of the pair?

Impulse & Momentum If a 50 kg skater moving at 3.5 m/s strikes a 100kg skater at rest, and they cling together, what will be the velocity of the pair? 1 m/s

Impulse & Momentum If a 103 kg person standing on a frictionless surface throws a 6.2 kg ball at 7.8 m/s, with what speed will that person go backwards?

Impulse & Momentum If a 103 kg person standing on a frictionless surface throws a 6.2 kg ball at 7.8 m/s, with what speed will that person go backwards? 0.47 m/s

Impulse & Momentum If a 340. kg object traveling at 56 m/s collides head- on with a kg going 112 m/s, what will be the result?

Impulse & Momentum If a 340. kg object traveling at 56 m/s collides head- on with a kg going 112 m/s, what will be the result? They will both stop because their momentums were equal

Gravity

Gravity What is the gravitational constant? What is its symbol?
What are its units?

Gravity What is the gravitational constant? 6.67 x 10 -11 N m2 / kg2
What is its symbol? G What are its units? N m2 / kg2

Gravity How do changes in two objects’ masses affect the gravitational force between them?

Gravity How do changes in two objects’ masses affect the gravitational force between them? The greater the mass, the proportionally greater the gravitational force

Gravity How do changes in the distance between two objects affect the gravitational force between them?

Gravity How do changes in the distance between two objects affect the gravitational force between them? It changes inversely with the square of the distance

Gravity If object A has a gravitational force of X on object B, and object B’s mass is twice that of A, what will be the gravitational force that object B has on object A?

Gravity If object A has a gravitational force of X on object B, and object B’s mass is twice that of A, what will be the gravitational force that object B has on object A? Still X

Gravity If one object has a mass of 47.5 kg, and a second object has a mass of 67.9 kg, and they are 24m apart, what is the gravitational force of attraction between them?

Gravity If one object has a mass of 47.5 kg, and a second object has a mass of 67.9 kg, and they are 24m apart, what is the gravitational force of attraction between them? 3.7 x N

Gravity If one mass doubles, the gravitational force becomes________ what it was. If the distance is doubled, the gravitational force becomes _____________ what it was.

Gravity If one mass doubles, the gravitational force becomes________ what it was. Twice If the distance is doubled, the gravitational force becomes _____________ what it was. one fourth

Work & Power

Work & Power What is the symbol for work? What is the unit for work?
What is work?

Work & Power What is the symbol for work? W What is the unit for work?
Joule (J) What is work? Energy exchanged for movement

Work & Power What is the symbol for power? What is the unit for power?
What is power?

Work & Power What is the symbol for power? P
What is the unit for power? Watt (W) What is power? Rate at which work is done

Work & Power By definition, 1 Joule equals ___________________________, and 1 Watt equals_____________________________.

Work & Power By definition, 1 Joule equals ___________________________, and 1 Watt equals_____________________________. 1 N force moves an object 1 m 1 J of work done in 1 s

Work & Power The less time it takes to do a certain amount of work, the ____________ power it takes.

Work & Power The less time it takes to do a certain amount of work, the ____________ power it takes. More

Work & Power If a 26N force moves an object 16m, how much work has been done?

Work & Power If a 26N force moves an object 16m, how much work has been done? 420 J

Work & Power How much work is done in lifting a 9.4 kg object 3.5 m upwards? If this work was done in 4.7 s, what power was required?

Work & Power How much work is done in lifting a 9.4 kg object 3.5 m upwards? 320 J If this work was done in 4.7 s, what power was required? 69 W

Work & Power If a bulldozer pushes against a building with 4.5 x 1015 N of force for 52 s, but the building didn’t move, how much work was done?

Work & Power If a bulldozer pushes against a building with 4.5 x 1015 N of force for 52 s, but the building didn’t move, how much work was done? None

Energy

Energy What’s the difference between potential and kinetic energy?
What are some types of potential energy? What are the units for energy?

Energy What’s the difference between potential and kinetic energy?
PE: energy due to position, KE: energy due to motion What are some types of potential energy? Gravitational, elastic, chemical, etc. What are the units for energy? Joules

Energy What’s the potential energy of a 22.6 kg object located 16.89m above the ground?

Energy What’s the potential energy of a 22.6 kg object located 16.89m above the ground? 3740 J

Energy What’s the kinetic energy of a 7.2 kg object that is moving at 8.4 m/s?

Energy What’s the kinetic energy of a 7.2 kg object that is moving at 8.4 m/s? 250 J

Energy In any system, the loss or gain of potential energy ____________ the loss or gain of kinetic energy. Explain this idea using a pendulum.

Energy In any system, the loss or gain of potential energy ____________ the loss or gain of kinetic energy. Equals Explain this idea using a pendulum. At the top of its swing, a pendulum’s energy is all PE; at the bottom of the swing, its all KE

Energy The potential energy plus the kinetic energy equals the total _____________ energy of the system. This energy, plus any ______________energy (symbolized by _________) equals the total energy of the system.

Energy The potential energy plus the kinetic energy equals the total _____________ energy of the system. This energy, plus any ______________energy (symbolized by _________) equals the total energy of the system. Mechanical, Internal, Q

Energy What is the difference between a conservative force and a non-conservative force?

Energy What is the difference between a conservative force and a non-conservative force? Conservative force: path doesn’t matter Non-conservative force: path matters The gravitational force, spring force, magnetic force) and electric force are examples of conservative forces, while friction and air drag are classical examples of non-conservative forces (in both cases, the energy is converted to heat and cannot be retrieved)

Energy If a 15 kg object falls 6.3 m, what will be its loss of potential energy? What will be its gain in kinetic energy? How fast will the object be traveling at the end of those 6.3 m? (solve this two different ways)

Energy If a 15 kg object falls 6.3 m, what will be its loss of potential energy? 930 J What will be its gain in kinetic energy? How fast will the object be traveling at the end of those 6.3 m? (solve this two different ways) 11 m/s

Energy What is potential elastic energy? What is the spring constant?

Energy What is potential elastic energy?
Energy stored in a stretched spring or other elastic material What is the spring constant? Describe how easy a spring is stretched

Energy Determine the spring constant: 4 Force (N) Elongation (m) 8

Energy Force (N) 8 Elongation 4 (m) Determine the spring constant:

Energy If a spring is stretched .03 m by a force of .14 N, what is the spring constant?

Energy If a spring is stretched .03 m by a force of .14 N, what is the spring constant? 5 N/m

Energy What is the potential energy stored in a spring that is stretched .43 m (k=1.38 N/m)?

Energy What is the potential energy stored in a spring that is stretched .43 m (k=1.38 N/m)? 0.13 J

Two Dimensional Motion

Projectile Motion What is the horizontal velocity component of a golf ball launched at 21o and at an initial velocity of 24.6 m/s? what is the initial vertical component of the ball’s velocity? How long will it take the ball to reach the top of its trajectory? How long will the ball stay in the air? How far will it go? How high will the ball go?

Projectile Motion What is the horizontal velocity component of a golf ball launched at 21o and at an initial velocity of 24.6 m/s? 23.0 m/s what is the initial vertical component of the ball’s velocity? 8.8 m/s How long will it take the ball to reach the top of its trajectory? 0.90 s How long will the ball stay in the air? How far will it go? 1.80 s, 41 m How high will the ball go? 4.0 m

Projectile Motion When an object is thrown horizontally off a cliff at the same time another object is dropped from the cliff, which object will hit the ground first?

Projectile Motion When an object is thrown horizontally off a cliff at the same time another object is dropped from the cliff, which object will hit the ground first? Both will hit at the same time

Projectile Motion If an object is thrown horizontally from a 120m high cliff with an initial velocity of 21.3 m/s, how long will it take to reach the bottom? How far from the base of the cliff will it land?

Projectile Motion If an object is thrown horizontally from a 120m high cliff with an initial velocity of 21.3 m/s, how long will it take to reach the bottom? 4.9 s How far from the base of the cliff will it land? 110 m

Projectile Motion If an object takes 2.78 s to reach the bottom when thrown horizontally at 5.6 m/s off a cliff, how high is the cliff?

Projectile Motion If an object takes 2.78 s to reach the bottom when thrown horizontally at 5.6 m/s off a cliff, how high is the cliff? 38. m

Circular Motion Describe centripetal force:

Circular Motion Describe centripetal force:
The force that, when combined with inertia, keeps object moving in curved paths

Circular Motion What is the symbol for centripetal force?
If the centripetal force is removed from an object in circular motion, the object will move in what direction?

Circular Motion What is the symbol for centripetal force? Fc
If the centripetal force is removed from an object in circular motion, the object will move in what direction? Tangent to the circle

Circular Motion Both centripetal force and centripetal acceleration act in which direction? Besides centripetal force, what other factor keeps an object in circular motion?

Circular Motion Both centripetal force and centripetal acceleration act in which direction? Towards the center Besides centripetal force, what other factor keeps an object in circular motion? Inertia

Circular Motion What is the centripetal acceleration on a bicyclist going around a curve (radius=20.m) at 6.7 m/s?

Circular Motion What is the centripetal acceleration on a bicyclist going around a curve (radius=20.m) at 6.7 m/s? 2.2 m/s2

Circular Motion What’s the centripetal force on a 95 kg object moving at 5.4 m/s around another object 7.7 m away?

Circular Motion What’s the centripetal force on a 95 kg object moving at 5.4 m/s around another object 7.7 m away? 360 N

Electrostatics

Electric Charges When an atom is neutral (not an __________), the number of electrons is_____________ the number of protons. An atom or material that loses electrons becomes __________charged, while an atom or material that gains electrons becomes ___________charged. An electron or proton carries one ____________ charge.

Electric Charges When an atom is neutral (not an __________), the number of electrons is_____________ the number of protons. Ion, Equal to An atom or material that loses electrons becomes __________charged, while an atom or material that gains electrons becomes ___________charged. An electron or proton carries one ____________ charge. (+), (-), Elementary

Electric Charges An elementary charge is equal to ____________________C A coulomb is equal to ____________________elementary charges

Electric Charges An elementary charge is equal to ____________________C 1.6 x A coulomb is equal to ____________________elementary charges 6.25 x 10 18

Electrostatics Objects can become charged (gain or lose electrons) due to _____________________. Two like-charged objects will _____________, while oppositely charged objects will ___________. A charged object and a neutral object will also usually ________________.

Electrostatics Objects can become charged (gain or lose electrons) due to _____________________. Friction Two like-charged objects will _____________, while oppositely charged objects will ___________. Repel, Attract A charged object and a neutral object will also usually ________________. Attract

Electrostatics When a negatively charged rod is brought near a neutral electroscope, what happens and why? This is called charging by ____________________

Electrostatics When a negatively charged rod is brought near a neutral electroscope, what happens and why? The leaves will repel because they are both charged negative due to the electrons being repelled by the rod and migrating down the electroscope. This is called charging by ____________________ Induction

Electrostatics An object which is capable of donating or accepting a large number of electrons is called an electrical _______________________. What’s the major example? If a negatively charged object is grounded, what will happen?

Electrostatics An object which is capable of donating or accepting a large number of electrons is called an electrical _______________________. Ground What’s the major example? Earth If a negatively charged object is grounded, what will happen? Electrons will move from the object to the ground

Electrostatics What is the law of conservation of charge?
If two spheres, one having +5C and the other –9C, touch, when moved apart, each sphere will have a charge of ____________________.

Electrostatics What is the law of conservation of charge?
Total charge of a closed system stays the same If two spheres, one having +5C and the other –9C, touch, when moved apart, each sphere will have a charge of ____________________. -2C

Electrostatics An object that has 1.34 x extra electrons will have a charge of ________________C

Electrostatics An object that has 1.34 x extra electrons will have a charge of ________________C 2.14 x 10 -3

Electric Force As the distance between two charged objects triples, the electrostatic force between them____________.

Electric Force As the distance between two charged objects triples, the electrostatic force between them____________. 1/9 of what it was

Electric Force What is the force between two objects, each having a charge of 0.40C, if they are 14m apart?

Electric Force What is the force between two objects, each having a charge of 0.40C, if they are 14m apart? 7.3 x 10 6 N

Electric Field An electric field’s direction is described according to how it acts on a _________charge.

Electric Field An electric field’s direction is described according to how it acts on a _________charge. Positive (+)

Electric Field Sketch the electrostatic fields: + +

Electric Field + + Sketch the electrostatic fields:
Move away from positive (+) to infinity + +

Electric Field Sketch the electrostatic fields: + -

Electric Field - + Sketch the electrostatic fields:
Move from positive (+) to negative (-) + -

Electric Field What is the field intensity if an object with a charge of 0.60 C is acted on by an electric force of 3.0 x 10 –3 N?

Electric Field What is the field intensity if an object with a charge of 0.60 C is acted on by an electric force of 3.0 x 10 –3 N? 5.0 x 10 –3 N/C

Electric Potential Energy & Electric Potential
The work needed to move a charged particle from one place to another within an electric field is known as the ____________ The work needed to move a unit charged particle from one place to another within an electric field is known as the ____________, ____________ or ____________

The work needed to move a charged particle from one place to another within an electric field is known as the ____________ Electric potential energy The work needed to move a unit charged particle from one place to another within an electric field is known as the ____________, ____________ or ____________ Electric potential, Potential difference, voltage

The unit of electric potential energy is the ________, represented by __________. When dealing with charges, the much smaller unit _________, represented by ________, and equal to _________________ J is used. The unit of potential difference is the ________, represented by __________.

The unit of electric potential energy is the ________, represented by __________. Joules, J When dealing with charges, the much smaller unit _________, represented by ________, and equal to _________________ J is used. Electronvolt, eV, 1.6 x The unit of potential difference is the ________, represented by __________. Volt, V

Electric Current

Electric Current The unit which describes electric current in terms of how much charge passes a given point in a conductor is called the _____________, which is represented by _______________. The meter used to measure this is called an ______________, and is always connected in ________________.

Electric Current The unit which describes electric current in terms of how much charge passes a given point in a conductor is called the _____________, which is represented by _______________. Ampere, A The meter used to measure this is called an ______________, and is always connected in ________________. Ammeter, Series

Electric Current If 140C of charge passes a spot in a wire in 7.0 s, how many amperes of current is the wire carrying?

Electric Current If 140C of charge passes a spot in a wire in 7.0 s, how many amperes of current is the wire carrying? 20. A

Electric Voltage In order for current to flow in a wire there must be a complete circuit, and a ______________, or _______________. The meter used to measure this is a _____________, which is always connected in _________________.

Electric Voltage In order for current to flow in a wire there must be a complete circuit, and a ______________, or _______________. Potential difference, Voltage The meter used to measure this is a _____________, which is always connected in _________________. Voltmeter, Parallel

Electric Circuits What is the schematic symbol for: A battery (cell)?
A voltmeter? An ammeter? A resistor? A switch?

Electric Circuits What is the schematic symbol for: A battery (cell)?
A voltmeter? An ammeter? A resistor? A switch? See reference tables

Electric Resistance Metals and other materials with many free electrons are called ______________, because they allow current to pass easily. Things that don’t allow current to pass easily , like glass, rubber, and plastic, are called ________________.

Electric Resistance Metals and other materials with many free electrons are called ______________, because they allow current to pass easily. Things that don’t allow current to pass easily , like glass, rubber, and plastic, are called ________________. Conductors, Insulators

Electric Resistance The measurement of how easily current flows through a conductor is called ________________, measured in ____________________, and represented by _____________.

Electric Resistance The measurement of how easily current flows through a conductor is called ________________, measured in ____________________, and represented by _____________. Resistance, Ohms, Ω

Ohm’s Law How much current is carried by a conductor that has a resistance of 20. Ω when there is a potential difference of 200.V ?

Ohm’s Law How much current is carried by a conductor that has a resistance of 20. Ω when there is a potential difference of 200.V ? 10. A

Resistivity Generally, resistance decreases when a conductor’s length_________________, diameter __________________, and temperature ________________. The term used to describe the material’s inherent conductivity is ____________.

Resistivity Generally, resistance decreases when a conductor’s length_________________, diameter __________________, and temperature ________________. The term used to describe the material’s inherent conductivity is ____________. Decreases, Increases, Decreases, Resistivity

Resistivity What is the resistance of a 3.50 m length of aluminum wire that has a diameter of 4.0 x 10-3 m and is at 20o C?

Resistivity What is the resistance of a 3.50 m length of aluminum wire that has a diameter of 4.0 x 10-3 m and is at 20o C? 0.079 Ω

Series & Parallel Circuits
Sketch a series circuit that has two resistors of 50.Ω and 70.Ω and a battery of 12V, along with a switch. What is the total resistance? What is the total current? What is the voltage across the 50.Ω resistor?

Sketch a series circuit that has two resistors of 50.Ω and 70.Ω and a battery of 12V, along with a switch. See reference tables for symbols What is the total resistance? 120 Ω What is the total current? 0.10 A What is the voltage across the 50.Ω resistor? 5.0 V

Sketch a parallel circuit with the same components as the previous question. What is the total resistance? What is the total current? What is the current across the 50.Ω resistor?

Sketch a parallel circuit with the same components as the previous question. See reference tables for symbols What is the total resistance? 29 Ω What is the total current? 0.41 A What is the current across the 50.Ω resistor? 0.24 A

In parallel circuits, the total resistance is always ___________than the smallest resistor.

In parallel circuits, the total resistance is always ___________than the smallest resistor. Less

Electric Power The unit of electrical power is the ___________, symbolized by ___________. To find the power, multiply the ____________ by the _____________.

Electric Power The unit of electrical power is the ___________, symbolized by ___________. To find the power, multiply the ____________ by the _____________. Watt, W, Voltage (Volts), Current (Amperes)

Electric Power If a hair dryer is rated at 120V and 10.A, what is its power usage?

Electric Power If a hair dryer is rated at 120V and 10.A, what is its power usage? 1200 W

Electric Power The power used through time is found by multiplying the ________ by the ___________. The unit is the ____________. This is the electrical energy.

Electric Power The power used through time is found by multiplying the ________ by the ___________. The unit is the ____________. This is the electrical energy. Power (Watts), Time (Seconds), Joules

Electric Power If a 600.W amplifier is used for 20.s, what’s the electrical energy used?

Electric Power If a 600.W amplifier is used for 20.s, what’s the electrical energy used? 12000 J

Electric Power What is the current through conductor X? 7 A 2 A X 4 A

Electric Power 7 A 2 A X 4 A What is the current through conductor X?

Electric Power If three lightbulbs are hooked in series to a battery, the brightness of each is ________ compared to the brightness of one lightbulb hooked up to the same battery.

Electric Power If three lightbulbs are hooked in series to a battery, the brightness of each is ________ compared to the brightness of one lightbulb hooked up to the same battery. Less

Magnetism

Magnetism If a material has electrons that are aligned with each other, that material is ______________. It will have two poles called ____________ and ____________. A magnetic field surrounds any ______________ in _____________.

Magnetism If a material has electrons that are aligned with each other, that material is ______________. It will have two poles called ____________ and ____________. A magnetic field surrounds any ______________ in _____________. Magnetic, North, South, Charged Object, Motion

Magnetism Two like poles of magnets will _____________, while two unlike poles will ________________. Since the North end of a magnet points towards Earth’s North Pole, Earth’s North Pole must really be a ________________ magnetic pole.

Magnetism Two like poles of magnets will _____________, while two unlike poles will ________________. Since the North end of a magnet points towards Earth’s North Pole, Earth’s North Pole must really be a ________________ magnetic pole. Repel, Attract, South

Magnetism The _____________ of a magnetic field is measured by the force it exerts on a current in the field. The lines of magnetic fields are known as ____________ lines. Magnetic field lines by convention go from the __________ pole to the __________ pole.

Magnetism The _____________ of a magnetic field is measured by the force it exerts on a current in the field. The lines of magnetic fields are known as ____________ lines. Field Intensity, Flux Magnetic field lines by convention go from the __________ pole to the __________ pole. North, South

Magnetism Sketch the magnetic field lines: N S

Magnetism Sketch the magnetic field lines: N N

Magnetism Sketch the magnetic field lines: S S

Magnetism Sketch the magnetic field lines: N S

Magnetism When a moving conductor cuts magnetic field lines, a _____________ is generated in the conductor. If the conductor is part of a complete circuit, a ____________will be induced.

Magnetism When a moving conductor cuts magnetic field lines, a _____________ is generated in the conductor. If the conductor is part of a complete circuit, a ____________will be induced. Potential Difference, Current

Magnetism The greater the number of field lines a conductor cuts, the ___________ will be the voltage produced.

Magnetism The greater the number of field lines a conductor cuts, the ___________ will be the voltage produced. Greater

Vibrations & Waves

Vibrations & Waves A vibratory disturbance that moves through a material (medium) or empty space is called a _____________. Give four examples:

Vibrations & Waves A vibratory disturbance that moves through a material (medium) or empty space is called a _____________. Wave Give four examples: Sound, Light, Water Wave, Earthquake Wave

Vibrations & Waves A single vibration is a ____________________. Pulse
Sketch its reflection when it hits a barrier (fixed end):

Vibrations & Waves A single vibration is a ____________________. Pulse
Sketch its reflection when it hits a barrier (fixed end): Reflected pulse is inverted

Longitudinal & Transverse Waves
What is a longitudinal wave and what are two examples?

What is a longitudinal wave and what are two examples? Vibrates in the same direction as the wave travels Sound waves, P-waves

What is a longitudinal wave and what are two examples? Vibrates in the same direction as the wave travels Sound waves, P-waves What is a transverse wave and what are two examples?

What is a longitudinal wave and what are two examples? Vibrates in the same direction as the wave travels Sound waves, P-waves What is a transverse wave and what are two examples? Vibration is perpendicular to the direction which the wave travels Light, S-waves

Vibrations & Waves Sketch three cycles of a wave that has a wavelength of 4m and an amplitude of 1 m Amplitude (m) Distance (m)

Vibrations & Waves Sketch three cycles of a wave that has a wavelength of 4m and an amplitude of 1 m Amplitude (m) 1 4 8 12 Distance (m) - 1

Vibrations & Waves Sketch three cycles of a wave that has a wavelength of 4m and an amplitude of 1 m If the wave is moving at 8 m/s, what is its frequency? Amplitude (m) 1 4 8 12 Distance (m) - 1

Vibrations & Waves Sketch three cycles of a wave that has a wavelength of 4m and an amplitude of 1 m If the wave is moving at 8 m/s, what is its frequency? 2 Hz Amplitude (m) 1 4 8 12 Distance (m) - 1

Vibrations & Waves The units for frequency are ___________ and _________. The time it takes for one wave cycle to go by is called the ______________, which has as its unit, the __________.

Vibrations & Waves The units for frequency are ___________ and _________. The time it takes for one wave cycle to go by is called the ______________, which has as its unit, the __________. Hertz (Hz), Cycle/s (cps), Period, Second (s)

Vibrations & Waves What is the period of a wave that has a frequency of 100. cps?

Vibrations & Waves What is the period of a wave that has a frequency of 100. cps? 0.01 s

Vibrations & Waves The “top” of the wave is called the ___________, and the “bottom” is called the ____________.

Vibrations & Waves The “top” of the wave is called the ___________, and the “bottom” is called the ____________. Crest, Trough

Vibrations & Waves If the frequency of a wave is 43 Hz and its wavelength is 5.4 m, what is its speed?

Vibrations & Waves If the frequency of a wave is 43 Hz and its wavelength is 5.4 m, what is its speed? 230 m/s

Vibrations & Waves Frequency is symbolized by _______. Wavelength is symbolized by ____________. If the speed stays the same, as the wavelength increases, the frequency must _____________.

Vibrations & Waves Frequency is symbolized by _______. Wavelength is symbolized by ____________. If the speed stays the same, as the wavelength increases, the frequency must _____________. f, λ, Decrease

Vibrations & Waves All points on a wave that are in phase make up a wave ______________. Waves transfer ________________, not matter.

Vibrations & Waves All points on a wave that are in phase make up a wave ______________. Front Waves transfer ________________, not matter. Energy

Doppler Effect If a wave-making object is moving away from an observer, the perceived frequency is __________ than it really is. This is called the ________________.

Doppler Effect If a wave-making object is moving away from an observer, the perceived frequency is __________ than it really is. This is called the ________________. Lower, Doppler Effect

Doppler Effect If a wave-making object is moving away from an observer, the perceived frequency is __________ than it really is. This is called the ________________. Lower, Doppler Effect When the light from stars is shifted toward the ____________ end of the spectrum, the stars are moving away from us.

Doppler Effect If a wave-making object is moving away from an observer, the perceived frequency is __________ than it really is. This is called the ________________. Lower, Doppler Effect When the light from stars is shifted toward the ____________ end of the spectrum, the stars are moving away from us. Red

Interference When two waves are in phase, their combined amplitude will be ____________ than each one singly. This is called ________________ Interference.

Interference When two waves are in phase, their combined amplitude will be ____________ than each one singly. This is called ________________ Interference. Higher, Constructive

Interference When two waves are in phase, their combined amplitude will be ____________ than each one singly. This is called ________________ Interference. Higher, Constructive When two waves are out of phase, their combined amplitude will be _____________ than each singly. This is called ________________interference.

Interference When two waves are in phase, their combined amplitude will be ____________ than each one singly. This is called ________________ Interference. Higher, Constructive When two waves are out of phase, their combined amplitude will be _____________ than each singly. This is called ________________interference. Lower, Destructive

Standing Waves When two waves of the same amplitude and frequency travel in opposite directions (often from a wave reflecting back on itself), a _________________ is formed. This is also known as _________________________.

Standing Waves When two waves of the same amplitude and frequency travel in opposite directions (often from a wave reflecting back on itself), a _________________ is formed. This is also known as _________________________. Standing wave, Resonance

Standing Waves When two waves of the same amplitude and frequency travel in opposite directions (often from a wave reflecting back on itself), a _________________ is formed. This is also known as _________________________. Standing wave, Resonance Give two examples:

Standing Waves When two waves of the same amplitude and frequency travel in opposite directions (often from a wave reflecting back on itself), a _________________ is formed. This is also known as _________________________. Standing wave, Resonance Give two examples: Guitar String, Tacoma Narrows Bridge

Standing Waves When two waves of the same amplitude and frequency travel in opposite directions (often from a wave reflecting back on itself), a _________________ is formed. This is also known as _________________________. Standing wave, Resonance Give two examples: Guitar String, Tacoma Narrows Bridge For standing wave, __________ form at points of maximum destructive interference, and _____________ form at points of maximum constructive interference.

Standing Waves When two waves of the same amplitude and frequency travel in opposite directions (often from a wave reflecting back on itself), a _________________ is formed. This is also known as _________________________. Standing wave, Resonance Give two examples: Guitar String, Tacoma Narrows Bridge For standing wave, __________ form at points of maximum destructive interference, and _____________ form at points of maximum constructive interference. Nodes, Antinodes

Diffraction When waves bend around corners or propagate behind a slit, this is called _________________.

Diffraction When waves bend around corners or propagate behind a slit, this is called _________________. Diffraction

Diffraction Sketch the wave pattern behind the slit: Wave fronts

Diffraction Sketch the wave pattern behind the slit:
Concentric Circular Wave Fronts Wave fronts

Light The speed of light in a vacuum is __________________, and is represented by __________.

Light The speed of light in a vacuum is __________________, and is represented by __________. 3 x 10 8 m/s, c

Light What’s the frequency of a light beam that has a wavelength of 4.5 x 10 –7 m?

Light What’s the frequency of a light beam that has a wavelength of 4.5 x 10 –7 m? 6.7 x Hz

Reflection Given an incident ray, draw the normal and the reflected ray. Label the angle of incident (θi) and the angle of reflection (θr) Incident Ray

Reflection Given an incident ray, draw the normal and the reflected ray. Label the angle of incident (θi) and the angle of reflection (θr) Normal Incident Ray Reflected Ray θi θr

Reflection Given an incident ray, draw the normal and the reflected ray. Label the angle of incident (θi) and the angle of reflection (θr) How do these two angles compare? Normal Incident Ray Reflected Ray θi θr

Reflection Given an incident ray, draw the normal and the reflected ray. Label the angle of incident (θi) and the angle of reflection (θr) How do these two angles compare? θi = θr Normal Incident Ray Reflected Ray θi θr

Reflection Mirrors show ___________reflection while this paper shows ___________reflection. Images seen in a mirror are called ____________images.

Reflection Mirrors show ___________reflection while this paper shows ___________reflection. Regular, Irregular (Diffused) Images seen in a mirror are called ____________images. Virtual

Refraction When light enters a new medium at an angle, the wave fronts will be bent. This is called ________________________.

Refraction When light enters a new medium at an angle, the wave fronts will be bent. This is called ________________________. Refraction

Refraction The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a medium is called that medium’s _____________________. It’s represented by ________.

Refraction The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a medium is called that medium’s _____________________. It’s represented by ________. Absolute Index of Refraction, n

Refraction When light enters a medium that has a higher index of refraction, it will bend ___________________ the normal. When it enters a medium with a lower index of refraction, it will bend ____________ the normal.

Refraction When light enters a medium that has a higher index of refraction, it will bend ___________________ the normal. When it enters a medium with a lower index of refraction, it will bend ____________ the normal. Towards, Away From

Refraction Show the probable path of the light ray (just sketch, don’t measure) Air Glass Air

Refraction Show the probable path of the light ray (just sketch, don’t measure) Normal θ1 Air θ2 θ1 Glass Air θ2 Normal

Refraction If the speed of light in a certain medium is 2.3 x 10 8 m/s, what is that medium’s index of refraction?

Refraction If the speed of light in a certain medium is 2.3 x 10 8 m/s, what is that medium’s index of refraction? 1.3

Refraction If a medium has an index of refraction of 2.4, what will be the angle of refraction from air if the angle of incidence in air is 25o ?

Refraction If a medium has an index of refraction of 2.4, what will be the angle of refraction from air if the angle of incidence in air is 25o ? 10 o

Refraction Draw the normal. Label the angles of incidence and refraction. Which is more optically dense, A or B? A B θ1 - Angle of Incidence θ2 - Angle of Refraction

Refraction Draw the normal. Label the angles of incidence and refraction. Which is more optically dense, A or B? A is more Dense Normal θ1 A θ2 B θ1 - Angle of Incidence θ2 - Angle of Refraction

Electromagnetic Waves
Visible light makes up one part of the ____________________.

Visible light makes up one part of the ____________________. Electromagnetic Spectrum

What is the approximate frequency of yellow light?

What is the approximate frequency of yellow light? 5.03 x 1014 – 5.20 x 1014 Hz

Modern Physics

Waves & Particles List three examples which demonstrate ER (electromagnetic radiation) acting like a wave:

Waves & Particles List three examples which demonstrate ER (electromagnetic radiation) acting like a wave: Diffraction, Interference, Polarization

Waves & Particles Name one example which shows ER behaving like a particle:

Waves & Particles Name one example which shows ER behaving like a particle: Photoelectric Effect

Waves & Particles Briefly describe the photoelectric effect:

Waves & Particles Briefly describe the photoelectric effect:
Light hitting photoemissive materials will eject electrons if the frequency is high enough

Quantum Physics Quantum theory describes ER in discrete amounts called __________________. The energy of each photon of light increases with increasing _____________________. The equation used to find this uses Planck’s constant, represented by ______ and equal to _________________

Quantum Physics Quantum theory describes ER in discrete amounts called __________________. Photons The energy of each photon of light increases with increasing _____________________. Frequency The equation used to find this uses Planck’s constant, represented by ______ and equal to _________________ h, 6.63 x J s

Quantum Physics At the atomic level, ER and matter both exhibit characteristics of waves and_____________.

Quantum Physics At the atomic level, ER and matter both exhibit characteristics of waves and_____________. Particles

Energy Levels When atoms are excited, electrons can jump to higher _________________ from their ____________________. When they jump back down, _______________ is emitted.

Energy Levels When atoms are excited, electrons can jump to higher _________________ from their ____________________. When they jump back down, _______________ is emitted. Energy Levels, Ground State, Light

Energy Levels What is the color of the light emitted from a hydrogen atom when its electron drops from the n = 5 to the n = 2 level?

Energy Levels What is the color of the light emitted from a hydrogen atom when its electron drops from the n = 5 to the n = 2 level? 6.9 x Hz (Violet)

Energy Levels Each element will have certain emissions based on the possible energy level changes of its electrons. This causes each element to have a characteristic emission _________, or ________________.

Energy Levels Each element will have certain emissions based on the possible energy level changes of its electrons. This causes each element to have a characteristic emission _________, or ________________. Spectra, Bright Line Spectra

Strong Force The structure of the atom is now known to include protons and neutrons (collectively known as ___________________), which are located in the nucleus. What keeps the protons from pushing each other apart?

Strong Force The structure of the atom is now known to include protons and neutrons (collectively known as ___________________), which are located in the nucleus. Nucleons What keeps the protons from pushing each other apart? Strong Force

Mass & Energy The equivalency of mass and energy was described by Einstein in his equation: E = mc 2 What is the energy produced when 2.3 kg of mass is converted to energy?

Mass & Energy The equivalency of mass and energy was described by Einstein in his equation: E = mc 2 What is the energy produced when 2.3 kg of mass is converted to energy? 2.1 x J

Mass & Energy What are the four fundamental forces, in order of strength?

Mass & Energy What are the four fundamental forces, in order of strength? Strong Force, Electromagnetic Force, Weak Force, Gravity

Standard Model The smallest particle known is the ______________.

Standard Model The smallest particle known is the ______________.
Quark

Quark These are found in six varieties, called ___________ _____________, ____________, ___________, ___________, & _____________.

Quark These are found in six varieties, called ___________ _____________, ____________, ___________, ___________, & _____________. Up, Down, Charm, Strange, Top, Bottom

Quark These are found in six varieties, called ___________ _____________, ____________, ___________, ___________, & _____________. Up, Down, Charm, Strange, Top, Bottom Quarks have charges of either __________ or ____________, and so can be combined to make various other particles.

Quark These are found in six varieties, called ___________ _____________, ____________, ___________, ___________, & _____________. Up, Down, Charm, Strange, Top, Bottom Quarks have charges of either __________ or ____________, and so can be combined to make various other particles. +/- 1/3, +/- 2/3

Standard Model Since all particles have antiparticles, there are also _________.

Standard Model Since all particles have antiparticles, there are also _________. Antiquarks

Standard Model A baryon is a type of _______________. It is made of three _____________.

Standard Model A baryon is a type of _______________. It is made of three _____________. Hadrons, Quarks

Standard Model A baryon is a type of _______________. It is made of three _____________. Hadrons, Quarks Give one example of a Lepton: _______________.

Standard Model A baryon is a type of _______________. It is made of three _____________. Hadrons, Quarks Give one example of a Lepton: _______________. Electron

Reference Table

Reference Table k represents the spring constant, but also is used to represent the ____________ which is ____________________.

Reference Table k represents the spring constant, but also is used to represent the ____________ which is ____________________. Electrostatic Constant, 8.99 x 10 9 Nm2/C2

Reference Table How fast does sound travel in air? _______________.

Reference Table How fast does sound travel in air? _______________.
3.31 x 10 2 m/s

3.31 x 10 2 m/s Expressed in millimeters per second , it’s ____________. Expressed in picometers per second, it’s _____________.

3.31 x 10 2 m/s Expressed in millimeters per second , it’s ____________. 3.31 x 10 5 mm/s Expressed in picometers per second, it’s _____________. 3.31 x pm/s

Reference Table What is the mass of one proton? _______________________. What would this be in micrograms? _____________________.

Reference Table What is the mass of one proton? _______________________. 1.67 x kg What would this be in micrograms? _____________________. 1.67 x μg

Reference Table To change gigaseconds into nanoseconds, ______________ by __________________.

Reference Table To change gigaseconds into nanoseconds, ______________ by __________________. Multiply, 10 18

Reference Table The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is: _______________.

Reference Table The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is: _______________. 9.81 m/s2

Reference Table The kinetic friction coefficient between rubber on wet asphalt is ________________.

Reference Table The kinetic friction coefficient between rubber on wet asphalt is ________________. 0.53

Reference Table The kinetic friction coefficient between rubber on wet asphalt is ________________. 0.53 This is the same coefficient as the starting friction coefficient between ______________.

Reference Table The kinetic friction coefficient between rubber on wet asphalt is ________________. 0.53 This is the same coefficient as the starting friction coefficient between ______________. Copper and Steel

Reference Table TV waves have wavelengths of about ___________________.

Reference Table TV waves have wavelengths of about ___________________. 10 0 – 10 1 m

Reference Table Which has the higher frequency? ultraviolet or infrared?

Reference Table Which has the higher frequency? ultraviolet or infrared? Ultraviolet

Reference Table Corn oil has an index of refraction that is the same as ____________.

Reference Table Corn oil has an index of refraction that is the same as ____________. Glycerol

Reference Table Corn oil has an index of refraction that is the same as ____________. Glycerol Which listed material will bend light the most?

Reference Table Corn oil has an index of refraction that is the same as ____________. Glycerol Which listed material will bend light the most? Diamond

Reference Table In a series circuit, the ___________ stays constant throughout the circuit, whereas in a parallel circuit, the ___________ stays constant.

Reference Table In a series circuit, the ___________ stays constant throughout the circuit, whereas in a parallel circuit, the ___________ stays constant. Current, Voltage

Reference Table The electrostatic force on a particle divided by the charge of the particle gives the ___________________.

Reference Table The electrostatic force on a particle divided by the charge of the particle gives the ___________________. Electric Field

Reference Table Which listed conductor has the lowest resistivity?

Reference Table Which listed conductor has the lowest resistivity?
Silver

Reference Table What is the schematic symbol for a volume control (variable resistor)?

Reference Table The frequency is inversely proportional to the ____________ of a wave.

Reference Table The frequency is inversely proportional to the ____________ of a wave. Period

Reference Table The energy of an emitted photon will equal the difference between the __________ level the electron is on and the __________ level.

Reference Table The energy of an emitted photon will equal the difference between the __________ level the electron is on and the __________ level. Initial, Final

Reference Table The energy of an emitted photon will equal the difference between the __________ level the electron is on and the __________ level. Initial, Final To find the frequency of an emitted photon of light, multiply the energy in eV by _________________ , and divide by ________________________.

Reference Table The energy of an emitted photon will equal the difference between the __________ level the electron is on and the __________ level. Initial, Final To find the frequency of an emitted photon of light, multiply the energy in eV by _________________ , and divide by ________________________. 1.6x x J, Planck’s Constant

Reference Table To find the cross-sectional area of a conductor, take the diameter and __________________________________.

Reference Table To find the cross-sectional area of a conductor, take the diameter and __________________________________. Divide by 2, then square it and multiply by π

Reference Table If you know the initial angle and speed of a kicked soccer ball, you can find the initial vertical component of the speed by _______________________________________.

Reference Table If you know the initial angle and speed of a kicked soccer ball, you can find the initial vertical component of the speed by _______________________________________. Multiplying the sine of the angle by the initial velocity

Reference Table What equation would you use if you know the initial velocity, acceleration, the distance an object accelerated and you want to find the final velocity?

Reference Table What equation would you use if you know the initial velocity, acceleration, the distance an object accelerated and you want to find the final velocity? vf 2 = vi 2 + 2ad

Reference Table The momentum of a system before an event ____________the momentum of a system after the event.

Reference Table The momentum of a system before an event ____________the momentum of a system after the event. Equals

Reference Table The momentum of a system before an event ____________the momentum of a system after the event. Equals The change in momentum of an object is called the ________________, and can be found by multiplying the applied force times the ________________________..

Reference Table The momentum of a system before an event ____________the momentum of a system after the event. Equals The change in momentum of an object is called the ________________, and can be found by multiplying the applied force times the ________________________.. Impulse, Time

Reference Table The total energy of an object equals the sum of its potential energy, kinetic energy, and ___________________________.

Reference Table The total energy of an object equals the sum of its potential energy, kinetic energy, and ___________________________. Internal Energy

The End Best Wishes on the Regents!

Regents Test Review Chin-Sung Lin.

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