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1 Regents Test Review Chin-Sung Lin

2 Math & Measurement

3 SI Units The standard (SI) unit for mass is the _________, represented by _________. The SI unit for length or distance is the _________, represented by _________. The standard (SI) unit for time is the _________, represented by _________.

4 SI Units The standard (SI) unit for mass is the _________, represented by _________. Kilogram kg The SI unit for length or distance is the _________, represented by _________. Meter m The standard (SI) unit for time is the _________, represented by _________. Second s

5 SI Units Variable Symbol Unit Mass Distance Time Velocity Acceleration
Force

6 SI Units Variable Symbol Unit Mass m kg Distance d Time t s Velocity v
m/s Acceleration a m/s2 Force F Kg m/s2 or N

7 Significant Figures The higher the degree of accuracy in a measurement, the greater the number of ___________ we can use for that measurement.

8 Significant Figures The higher the degree of accuracy in a measurement, the greater the number of ___________ we can use for that measurement. Significant Figures

9 Significant Figures How many significant figures are in the following numbers? Numbers Significant Figures 0.45 0.01 130 9004.7 607 130.

10 Significant Figures How many significant figures are in the following numbers? Numbers Significant Figures 0.45 2 0.01 1 130 9004.7 5 607 3 130.

11 Significant Figures Calculate the following, taking significant figures into account: (203.7m)(76m)= (8.967kg) / (2.3kg)=

12 Significant Figures Calculate the following, taking significant figures into account: (203.7m)(76m)= 15000 m2 (8.967kg) / (2.3kg)= 3.9

13 Significant Figures How many significant figures are in: 2.3 x 1014 m
5.684 x 103 s

14 Scientific Notation How many significant figures are in:
2.3 x 1014 m 2 5.684 x 103 s 4

15 Scientific Notation (3.45 x 1012 m) (1.6x 108 m) =
(7.8 x102 kg) (6x102 m) =

16 Scientific Notation (3.45 x 1012 m) (1.6x 108 m) = 5.5 x 1020 m2
(7.8 x102 kg) (6x102 m) = 5 x 105 kg m

17 Scientific Notation Solve: (4.5 x 1015 kg) (3.34 x 104 m) / (6.7s)2

18 Scientific Notation Solve: (4.5 x 1015 kg) (3.34 x 104 m) / (6.7s)2
3.3 x 1018 kg m/s2 (or N)

19 Kinematics

20 Distance & Displacement
What is the difference between distance and displacement? Which is a vector? Which is a scalar?

21 Distance & Displacement
What is the difference between distance and displacement? Which is a vector? displacement Which is a scalar? distance

22 Distance & Displacement
If an object moves 2m north, then 4m east, then 2m south, what is its distance traveled? What is its displacement? (Be able to solve mathematically or graphically)

23 Distance & Displacement
If an object moves 2m north, then 4m east, then 2m south, what is its distance traveled? 8 m What is its displacement? 4 m, East (Be able to solve mathematically or graphically)

24 Distance & Displacement
If an object travels 6m west, then 5m south, What is its distance traveled? What is its displacement? (Be able to solve mathematically or graphically)

25 Distance & Displacement
If an object travels 6m west, then 5m south, What is its distance traveled? m What is its displacement? 8 m, 40o South of East (Be able to solve mathematically or graphically)

26 Speed & Velocity What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Which is a scalar? Which is a vector?

27 Speed & Velocity What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Which is a scalar? Speed Which is a vector? Velocity

28 Speed & Velocity What is the average speed of an object which travels 63m in 3.4s?

29 Speed & Velocity What is the average speed of an object which travels 63m in 3.4s? 19 m/s

30 Speed & Velocity What is the average velocity of an object that moves 57m, N in 3.1s?

31 Speed & Velocity What is the average velocity of an object that moves 57m, N in 3.1s? 18 m/s, North

32 Acceleration If an object goes from rest to 60. m/s in 15s uniformly, what is its average speed? How far will the object travel in those 15s? what will be the object’s acceleration rate?

33 Acceleration If an object goes from rest to 60. m/s in 15s uniformly, what is its average speed? 30. m/s How far will the object travel in those 15s? 450 m what will be the object’s acceleration rate? 4.0 m/s2

34 Acceleration What is the average speed of an object that accelerates uniformly from 3.6 m/s to 5.7 m/s?

35 Acceleration What is the average speed of an object that accelerates uniformly from 3.6 m/s to 5.7 m/s? 4.7 m/s

36 Acceleration How far will an object going 6.3m/s travel in 16.7 s?

37 Acceleration How far will an object going 6.3m/s travel in 16.7 s?

38 Acceleration What is the acceleration of an object which uniformly changes its velocity from 6.6 m/s to 18.4 m/s in 8.2 s?

39 Acceleration What is the acceleration of an object which uniformly changes its velocity from 6.6 m/s to 18.4 m/s in 8.2 s? 1.4 m/s2

40 Acceleration If an object uniformly accelerates from rest and it takes 6.8s to cover a distance of 72m, how fast will It be going at the end of those 6.8s? What is the rate of acceleration?

41 Acceleration If an object uniformly accelerates from rest and it takes 6.8s to cover a distance of 72m, how fast will It be going at the end of those 6.8s? 21 m/s What is the rate of acceleration? 3.1 m/s2

42 Acceleration How far will an object go in 9.7 s if it starts from rest and undergoes a uniform acceleration of 2.9 m/s2?

43 Acceleration How far will an object go in 9.7 s if it starts from rest and undergoes a uniform acceleration of 2.9 m/s2? 140 m

44 Acceleration When an object is slowing down, the value of its acceleration will be ____________ (+ or -).

45 Acceleration When an object is slowing down, the value of its acceleration will be ____________ (+ or -). negative (-)

46 Linear Motion What is the final velocity of an object after 6.0s if it starts from rest and accelerates at 4.3 m/s2?

47 Linear Motion What is the final velocity of an object after 6.0s if it starts from rest and accelerates at 4.3 m/s2? 26 m/s

48 Linear Motion What is the final velocity of an object after a distance of 216m if it has an acceleration of 3.6 m/s2?

49 Linear Motion What is the final velocity of an object after a distance of 216m if it has an acceleration of 3.6 m/s2? 39 m/s

50 Linear Motion & Graphs In a displacement-time graph, the slope equals the object’s _____________________.

51 Linear Motion & Graphs In a displacement-time graph, the slope equals the object’s _____________________. Velocity

52 Linear Motion & Graphs In a velocity-time graph, the slope equals the object’s ________________________.

53 Linear Motion & Graphs In a velocity-time graph, the slope equals the object’s ________________________. Acceleration

54 Linear Motion & Graphs In a velocity-time graph, the area beneath the curve equals the object’s ________________.

55 Linear Motion & Graphs In a velocity-time graph, the area beneath the curve equals the object’s ________________. Displacement

56 Linear Motion & Graphs Sketch the displacement-time graph that shows an object with a non-zero constant velocity:

57 Linear Motion & Graphs d t
Sketch the displacement-time graph that shows an object with a non-zero constant velocity: d t

58 Linear Motion & Graphs Sketch the velocity-time graph for an object undergoing uniform positive acceleration:

59 Linear Motion & Graphs v t
Sketch the velocity-time graph for an object undergoing uniform positive acceleration: v t

60 Linear Motion & Graphs = = d t v t a t
Sketch the velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs for the given displacement-time graph: d t v t a t = =

61 Linear Motion & Graphs = = d t v t a t
Sketch the velocity-time and acceleration-time graphs for the given displacement-time graph: d t v t a t = =

62 Linear Motion & Graphs = = d t v t a t
Sketch the d-t and a-t graphs for the given v-t graph: d t v t a t = =

63 Linear Motion & Graphs = = d t v t a t
Sketch the d-t and a-t graphs for the given v-t graph: d t v t a t = =

64 Linear Motion What’s the final velocity of an object that starts at 5.9 m/s, and accelerates at 4.0 m/s2 for 2.8s?

65 Linear Motion What’s the final velocity of an object that starts at 5.9 m/s, and accelerates at 4.0 m/s2 for 2.8s? 17 m/s

66 Linear Motion How far will an object travel if it starts from rest and accelerates at 7.82 m/s2 for 9.0 s?

67 Linear Motion How far will an object travel if it starts from rest and accelerates at 7.82 m/s2 for 9.0 s? 320 m

68 Linear Motion What will be the final velocity of an object that starts at 1.5 m/s, and accelerates at 6.3 m/s2 for a distance of 72m?

69 Linear Motion What will be the final velocity of an object that starts at 1.5 m/s, and accelerates at 6.3 m/s2 for a distance of 72m? 30. m/s

70 Free Falling What is the rate of acceleration due to gravity? (neglecting air resistance) What is it represented by?

71 Free Falling What is the rate of acceleration due to gravity? (neglecting air resistance) 9.81. m/s2 What is it represented by? g

72 Free Falling When an object is dropped from a height of 28m. how long will it take to hit the ground? how fast will the object be going when it hits the ground?

73 Free Falling When an object is dropped from a height of 28m. how long will it take to hit the ground? 2.4 s how fast will the object be going when it hits the ground? 23 m/s

74 Free Falling How fast will an object be going after 6.4 s when it is dropped from rest?

75 Free Falling How fast will an object be going after 6.4 s when it is dropped from rest? 63 m/s

76 Free Falling How fast will an object be going after 6.7 s when it is dropped with an initial downward velocity of 1.9 m/s ?

77 Free Falling How fast will an object be going after 6.7 s when it is dropped with an initial downward velocity of 1.9 m/s ? 68 m/s

78 Free Falling Is the force of gravity a vector or a scalar?

79 Free Falling Is the force of gravity a vector or a scalar? Vector

80 Free Falling If it takes a thrown object 1.7s to go as high as it will go, how long will it take to come back down?

81 Free Falling If it takes a thrown object 1.7s to go as high as it will go, how long will it take to come back down? 1.7 s

82 Free Falling How far will an object fall in 5.8s?

83 Free Falling How far will an object fall in 5.8s? 170 m

84 Statics

85 Forces The study of forces at rest is _______________.
The unit for force is the _______________. 1 Newton results in a mass of _____kg having an acceleration of ______m/s2. Are forces vectors or scalars?

86 Forces The study of forces at rest is _______________. Statics
The unit for force is the _______________. Newton 1 Newton results in a mass of _____kg having an acceleration of ______m/s2. 1, 1 Are forces vectors or scalars? Vectors

87 Forces Draw a force of 4.5N pulling due east on an object.

88 Forces Draw a force of 4.5N pulling due east on an object. F = 4.5 N East

89 Vectors Two or more forces acting on an object at the same time are called ___________________ forces. A single force equal to two or more concurrent forces combined is called the ________________.

90 Vectors Two or more forces acting on an object at the same time are called ___________________ forces. Concurrent A single force equal to two or more concurrent forces combined is called the ________________. Resultant

91 Vectors At what angle should two concurrent forces be to obtain the smallest resultant? At what angle should they be to obtain the largest resultant?

92 Vectors At what angle should two concurrent forces be to obtain the smallest resultant? 180 0 At what angle should they be to obtain the largest resultant? 0 0

93 Vectors What is the greatest resultant obtainable with two concurrent forces of 4.8 N and 2.3N? What’s the smallest?

94 Vectors What is the greatest resultant obtainable with two concurrent forces of 4.8 N and 2.3N? 7.1 N What’s the smallest? 2.5 N

95 Vectors Forces are added ________ to __________.
The resultant can be found graphically, or if the two concurrent forces are at right angles, the resultant can be found using the _________________________________.

96 Vectors Forces are added ________ to __________. Head, Tail
The resultant can be found graphically, or if the two concurrent forces are at right angles, the resultant can be found using the _________________________________. Pythagorean Theorem

97 Vectors If a force of 5.5N acts due west on an object while another of 7.8N acts due north, what is the magnitude of the resultant? What is the direction of the resultant?

98 Vectors If a force of 5.5N acts due west on an object while another of 7.8N acts due north, what is the magnitude of the resultant? 9.5 N What is the direction of the resultant? 55 o N of W

99 Vectors Using the parallelogram method, find the resultant (magnitude and direction) of a due south 18N force and a due east 26N force.

100 Vectors Using the parallelogram method, find the resultant (magnitude and direction) of a due south 18N force and a due east 26N force. 32 N, 35 o S of E

101 Vectors Just as concurrent forces can be combined into a resultant, a single force can be _______________ into two or more _______________ forces. Commonly, these are the X and Y components.

102 Vectors Just as concurrent forces can be combined into a resultant, a single force can be _______________ into two or more _______________ forces. Commonly, these are the X and Y components. Resolved, Component

103 Vectors What are the X and Y components of this force? 37 o 16.8 N

104 Vectors 16.8 N 37 o What are the X and Y components of this force?
X = 13.4 N, Y = 10.1 N 37 o 16.8 N

105 Equilibrium The force equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the resultant is called the _______________________.

106 Equilibrium The force equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the resultant is called the _______________________. Equilibrium

107 Equilibrium Draw a free-body diagram for this problem and solve mathematically: A rod pushes with a force of 61N on a cable that holds an 84N sign. If the cable is at 36 o to the building, what is the tension on the cable? 36 o 84 N 61 N

108 Equilibrium Draw a free-body diagram for this problem and solve mathematically: A rod pushes with a force of 61N on a cable that holds an 84N sign. If the cable is at 36 o to the building, what is the tension on the cable? 104 N 36 o 84 N 61 N

109 Equilibrium If a 22N box sits on a 32o ramp, find the parallel and perpendicular forces mathematically. 32 o 22 N

110 Equilibrium If a 22N box sits on a 32o ramp, find the parallel and perpendicular forces mathematically. Parallel = 12 N Perpendicular = 19 N 32 o 22 N

111 Equilibrium An object is being held up by two ropes, 120o apart from each other and 120o from the object. What is special about the tension on the ropes in this situation?

112 Equilibrium An object is being held up by two ropes, 120o apart from each other and 120o from the object. What is special about the tension on the ropes in this situation? The tension on each will equal the weight of the object

113 Equilibrium If a girl is pulling on a sled rope with a force of 24N at an angle of 47o to the ground, find the horizontal and vertical components of her force. 47 o 24 N

114 Equilibrium If a girl is pulling on a sled rope with a force of 24N at an angle of 47o to the ground, find the horizontal and vertical components of her force. Horizontal = 16 N Vertical = 18 N 47 o 24 N

115 Dynamics

116 Newton’s Law of Motion Dynamics is the study of forces affecting objects that are in ____________________. In one word, describe Newton’s First Law of Motion _______________________.

117 Newton’s Law of Motion Dynamics is the study of forces affecting objects that are in ____________________. Motion In one word, describe Newton’s First Law of Motion _______________________. Inertia

118 Newton’s Law of Motion An object that has no net force acting on it may be at _______________, or may be moving at _________________. If there is an unbalanced force, the object will ____________.

119 Newton’s Law of Motion An object that has no net force acting on it may be at _______________, or may be moving at _________________. Rest, Constant Velocity If there is an unbalanced force, the object will ____________. Accelerate

120 Newton’s Law of Motion What will be the acceleration resulting from a 6.7N force acting on a 8 kg mass?

121 Newton’s Law of Motion What will be the acceleration resulting from a 6.7N force acting on a 8 kg mass? 0.8 m/s2

122 Newton’s Law of Motion What force is needed to accelerate a 345 kg object at 2.3 m/s2 ?

123 Newton’s Law of Motion What force is needed to accelerate a 345 kg object at 2.3 m/s2 ? 790 N

124 Newton’s Law of Motion By definition, one Newton =

125 Newton’s Law of Motion By definition, one Newton =
The force required to accelerate a 1 kg mass at 1 m/s2

126 Newton’s Law of Motion If you weigh 100N and sit on a chair, with what force is the chair pushing on you?

127 Newton’s Law of Motion If you weigh 100N and sit on a chair, with what force is the chair pushing on you? 100 N Upward

128 Newton’s Law of Motion What’s the difference between mass and weight?
As an object travels from Earth to the Moon, what happens to the objects mass and weight?

129 Newton’s Law of Motion What’s the difference between mass and weight?
Mass – amount of matter. Weight – gravity’s affect on that matter. As an object travels from Earth to the Moon, what happens to the objects mass and weight? Mass stays the same. Weight depends on g.

130 Newton’s Law of Motion What is the weight of an 18.4 kg object?
What is the mass of a 34N object?

131 Newton’s Law of Motion What is the weight of an 18.4 kg object? 181 N
What is the mass of a 34N object? 3.5 kg

132 Newton’s Law of Motion If two objects of 36 kg and 24 kg are accelerated with equal forces, which will have the greater acceleration?

133 Newton’s Law of Motion If two objects of 36 kg and 24 kg are accelerated with equal forces, which will have the greater acceleration? 24 kg

134 Newton’s Law of Motion If two objects of different mass are dropped from a window, how does the force of gravity on each compare? How do their accelerations compare?

135 Newton’s Law of Motion If two objects of different mass are dropped from a window, how does the force of gravity on each compare? Different How do their accelerations compare? The same

136 Newton’s Law of Motion Is mass a vector or a scalar?
Is weight a vector or a scalar?

137 Newton’s Law of Motion Is mass a vector or a scalar? Scalar
Is weight a vector or a scalar? Vector

138 Newton’s Law of Motion If a 67 kg person weighs 300 N on a different planet, what is the gravitational acceleration on that planet?

139 Newton’s Law of Motion If a 67 kg person weighs 300 N on a different planet, what is the gravitational acceleration on that planet? 4 m/s2

140 Friction

141 Friction What are the two types of friction and how do their magnitudes compare?

142 Friction What are the two types of friction and how do their magnitudes compare? Static (Starting) – Greater Kinetic (Sliding) – Less

143 Friction What is the normal force?

144 Friction What is the normal force?
A force acting perpendicular to the surface or opposite to the weight

145 Friction How does the magnitude and direction of the normal force compare to the magnitude and direction of an object’s weight?

146 Friction How does the magnitude and direction of the normal force compare to the magnitude and direction of an object’s weight? Equal in magnitude; opposite in direction

147 Friction How does the direction of the frictional force compare to the direction of the applied force?

148 Friction How does the direction of the frictional force compare to the direction of the applied force? Opposite in direction

149 Friction If Fa is the applied force, draw and label the other three forces: Fa

150 Friction If Fa is the applied force, draw and label the other three forces: FN Fa Ff Fg

151 Friction The frictional force can be _________than or __________ to the applied force, but never ______________than it.

152 Friction The frictional force can be _________than or __________ to the applied force, but never ______________than it. Less, Equal, Greater

153 Friction What is the coefficient of friction? What is its symbol?

154 Friction What is the coefficient of friction?
The ratio between the frictional and normal forces What is its symbol? μ

155 Friction If an applied force of 6.2 N keeps an object moving at a constant velocity, what is the frictional force?

156 Friction If an applied force of 6.2 N keeps an object moving at a constant velocity, what is the frictional force? 6.2 N

157 Friction What’s the formula used to find the frictional force when the weight and the coefficient of friction are known?

158 Friction What’s the formula used to find the frictional force when the weight and the coefficient of friction are known? Ef = μ FN

159 Friction If a 16 N object has a coefficient of friction of .23 with a tabletop, what is the frictional force? If a force of 5.0 N is applied, what will be the net force? What will be the resulting acceleration of the object?

160 Friction If a 16 N object has a coefficient of friction of .23 with a tabletop, what is the frictional force? 3.7 N If a force of 5.0 N is applied, what will be the net force? 1.3 N What will be the resulting acceleration of the object? 0.8 m/s2

161 Friction If a box is sitting on a ramp and not sliding down, the frictional force must be equal to the __________________ force. (perpendicular or parallel?)

162 Friction If a box is sitting on a ramp and not sliding down, the frictional force must be equal to the __________________ force. (perpendicular or parallel?) Parallel

163 Friction An applied force of 4.7 N is needed to keep a wooden object moving at constant velocity across a wooden floor. What is the weight of the object?

164 Friction An applied force of 4.7 N is needed to keep a wooden object moving at constant velocity across a wooden floor. What is the weight of the object? 16 N

165 Impulse & Momentum

166 Impulse & Momentum What is the symbol for momentum?
What are the units? What is momentum?

167 Impulse & Momentum What is the symbol for momentum? p
What are the units? kg m/s What is momentum? A vector quantity that factors in the mass and velocity of an object

168 Impulse & Momentum What is the momentum of a 13.8 kg object moving at 6.0 m/s?

169 Impulse & Momentum What is the momentum of a 13.8 kg object moving at 6.0 m/s? 83 kg m/s

170 Impulse & Momentum One 4 kg object moving at 3 m/s strikes an 8 kg object and stops (transfers all of its energy to the 8 kg object). How fast will the 8 kg object travel?

171 Impulse & Momentum One 4 kg object moving at 3 m/s strikes an 8 kg object and stops (transfers all of its energy to the 8 kg object). How fast will the 8 kg object travel? 1.5 m/s

172 Impulse & Momentum What is the symbol for impulse?
What are the units for impulse? What is impulse?

173 Impulse & Momentum What is the symbol for impulse? J
What are the units for impulse? N s What is impulse? The change in momentum of an object due to a force applied over time

174 Impulse & Momentum If a force of 15 N is applied for 3 s, what is the impulse produced?

175 Impulse & Momentum If a force of 15 N is applied for 3 s, what is the impulse produced? 50 N s

176 Impulse & Momentum A force of 9 N applied for 5 s to a 7 kg object will cause what change in the object’s velocity?

177 Impulse & Momentum A force of 9 N applied for 5 s to a 7 kg object will cause what change in the object’s velocity? 6 m/s

178 Impulse & Momentum When a rifle is fired, how does the momentum of the bullet compare to the momentum of the rifle?

179 Impulse & Momentum When a rifle is fired, how does the momentum of the bullet compare to the momentum of the rifle? Equal in magnitude; opposite in direction

180 Impulse & Momentum If a 50 kg skater moving at 3.5 m/s strikes a 100kg skater at rest, and they cling together, what will be the velocity of the pair?

181 Impulse & Momentum If a 50 kg skater moving at 3.5 m/s strikes a 100kg skater at rest, and they cling together, what will be the velocity of the pair? 1 m/s

182 Impulse & Momentum If a 103 kg person standing on a frictionless surface throws a 6.2 kg ball at 7.8 m/s, with what speed will that person go backwards?

183 Impulse & Momentum If a 103 kg person standing on a frictionless surface throws a 6.2 kg ball at 7.8 m/s, with what speed will that person go backwards? 0.47 m/s

184 Impulse & Momentum If a 340. kg object traveling at 56 m/s collides head- on with a kg going 112 m/s, what will be the result?

185 Impulse & Momentum If a 340. kg object traveling at 56 m/s collides head- on with a kg going 112 m/s, what will be the result? They will both stop because their momentums were equal

186 Gravity

187 Gravity What is the gravitational constant? What is its symbol?
What are its units?

188 Gravity What is the gravitational constant? 6.67 x 10 -11 N m2 / kg2
What is its symbol? G What are its units? N m2 / kg2

189 Gravity How do changes in two objects’ masses affect the gravitational force between them?

190 Gravity How do changes in two objects’ masses affect the gravitational force between them? The greater the mass, the proportionally greater the gravitational force

191 Gravity How do changes in the distance between two objects affect the gravitational force between them?

192 Gravity How do changes in the distance between two objects affect the gravitational force between them? It changes inversely with the square of the distance

193 Gravity If object A has a gravitational force of X on object B, and object B’s mass is twice that of A, what will be the gravitational force that object B has on object A?

194 Gravity If object A has a gravitational force of X on object B, and object B’s mass is twice that of A, what will be the gravitational force that object B has on object A? Still X

195 Gravity If one object has a mass of 47.5 kg, and a second object has a mass of 67.9 kg, and they are 24m apart, what is the gravitational force of attraction between them?

196 Gravity If one object has a mass of 47.5 kg, and a second object has a mass of 67.9 kg, and they are 24m apart, what is the gravitational force of attraction between them? 3.7 x N

197 Gravity If one mass doubles, the gravitational force becomes________ what it was. If the distance is doubled, the gravitational force becomes _____________ what it was.

198 Gravity If one mass doubles, the gravitational force becomes________ what it was. Twice If the distance is doubled, the gravitational force becomes _____________ what it was. one fourth

199 Work & Power

200 Work & Power What is the symbol for work? What is the unit for work?
What is work?

201 Work & Power What is the symbol for work? W What is the unit for work?
Joule (J) What is work? Energy exchanged for movement

202 Work & Power What is the symbol for power? What is the unit for power?
What is power?

203 Work & Power What is the symbol for power? P
What is the unit for power? Watt (W) What is power? Rate at which work is done

204 Work & Power By definition, 1 Joule equals ___________________________, and 1 Watt equals_____________________________.

205 Work & Power By definition, 1 Joule equals ___________________________, and 1 Watt equals_____________________________. 1 N force moves an object 1 m 1 J of work done in 1 s

206 Work & Power The less time it takes to do a certain amount of work, the ____________ power it takes.

207 Work & Power The less time it takes to do a certain amount of work, the ____________ power it takes. More

208 Work & Power If a 26N force moves an object 16m, how much work has been done?

209 Work & Power If a 26N force moves an object 16m, how much work has been done? 420 J

210 Work & Power How much work is done in lifting a 9.4 kg object 3.5 m upwards? If this work was done in 4.7 s, what power was required?

211 Work & Power How much work is done in lifting a 9.4 kg object 3.5 m upwards? 320 J If this work was done in 4.7 s, what power was required? 69 W

212 Work & Power If a bulldozer pushes against a building with 4.5 x 1015 N of force for 52 s, but the building didn’t move, how much work was done?

213 Work & Power If a bulldozer pushes against a building with 4.5 x 1015 N of force for 52 s, but the building didn’t move, how much work was done? None

214 Energy

215 Energy What’s the difference between potential and kinetic energy?
What are some types of potential energy? What are the units for energy?

216 Energy What’s the difference between potential and kinetic energy?
PE: energy due to position, KE: energy due to motion What are some types of potential energy? Gravitational, elastic, chemical, etc. What are the units for energy? Joules

217 Energy What’s the potential energy of a 22.6 kg object located 16.89m above the ground?

218 Energy What’s the potential energy of a 22.6 kg object located 16.89m above the ground? 3740 J

219 Energy What’s the kinetic energy of a 7.2 kg object that is moving at 8.4 m/s?

220 Energy What’s the kinetic energy of a 7.2 kg object that is moving at 8.4 m/s? 250 J

221 Energy In any system, the loss or gain of potential energy ____________ the loss or gain of kinetic energy. Explain this idea using a pendulum.

222 Energy In any system, the loss or gain of potential energy ____________ the loss or gain of kinetic energy. Equals Explain this idea using a pendulum. At the top of its swing, a pendulum’s energy is all PE; at the bottom of the swing, its all KE

223 Energy The potential energy plus the kinetic energy equals the total _____________ energy of the system. This energy, plus any ______________energy (symbolized by _________) equals the total energy of the system.

224 Energy The potential energy plus the kinetic energy equals the total _____________ energy of the system. This energy, plus any ______________energy (symbolized by _________) equals the total energy of the system. Mechanical, Internal, Q

225 Energy What is the difference between a conservative force and a non-conservative force?

226 Energy What is the difference between a conservative force and a non-conservative force? Conservative force: path doesn’t matter Non-conservative force: path matters The gravitational force, spring force, magnetic force) and electric force are examples of conservative forces, while friction and air drag are classical examples of non-conservative forces (in both cases, the energy is converted to heat and cannot be retrieved)

227 Energy If a 15 kg object falls 6.3 m, what will be its loss of potential energy? What will be its gain in kinetic energy? How fast will the object be traveling at the end of those 6.3 m? (solve this two different ways)

228 Energy If a 15 kg object falls 6.3 m, what will be its loss of potential energy? 930 J What will be its gain in kinetic energy? How fast will the object be traveling at the end of those 6.3 m? (solve this two different ways) 11 m/s

229 Energy What is potential elastic energy? What is the spring constant?

230 Energy What is potential elastic energy?
Energy stored in a stretched spring or other elastic material What is the spring constant? Describe how easy a spring is stretched

231 Energy Determine the spring constant: 4 Force (N) Elongation (m) 8

232 Energy Force (N) 8 Elongation 4 (m) Determine the spring constant:

233 Energy If a spring is stretched .03 m by a force of .14 N, what is the spring constant?

234 Energy If a spring is stretched .03 m by a force of .14 N, what is the spring constant? 5 N/m

235 Energy What is the potential energy stored in a spring that is stretched .43 m (k=1.38 N/m)?

236 Energy What is the potential energy stored in a spring that is stretched .43 m (k=1.38 N/m)? 0.13 J

237 Two Dimensional Motion

238 Projectile Motion What is the horizontal velocity component of a golf ball launched at 21o and at an initial velocity of 24.6 m/s? what is the initial vertical component of the ball’s velocity? How long will it take the ball to reach the top of its trajectory? How long will the ball stay in the air? How far will it go? How high will the ball go?

239 Projectile Motion What is the horizontal velocity component of a golf ball launched at 21o and at an initial velocity of 24.6 m/s? 23.0 m/s what is the initial vertical component of the ball’s velocity? 8.8 m/s How long will it take the ball to reach the top of its trajectory? 0.90 s How long will the ball stay in the air? How far will it go? 1.80 s, 41 m How high will the ball go? 4.0 m

240 Projectile Motion When an object is thrown horizontally off a cliff at the same time another object is dropped from the cliff, which object will hit the ground first?

241 Projectile Motion When an object is thrown horizontally off a cliff at the same time another object is dropped from the cliff, which object will hit the ground first? Both will hit at the same time

242 Projectile Motion If an object is thrown horizontally from a 120m high cliff with an initial velocity of 21.3 m/s, how long will it take to reach the bottom? How far from the base of the cliff will it land?

243 Projectile Motion If an object is thrown horizontally from a 120m high cliff with an initial velocity of 21.3 m/s, how long will it take to reach the bottom? 4.9 s How far from the base of the cliff will it land? 110 m

244 Projectile Motion If an object takes 2.78 s to reach the bottom when thrown horizontally at 5.6 m/s off a cliff, how high is the cliff?

245 Projectile Motion If an object takes 2.78 s to reach the bottom when thrown horizontally at 5.6 m/s off a cliff, how high is the cliff? 38. m

246 Circular Motion Describe centripetal force:

247 Circular Motion Describe centripetal force:
The force that, when combined with inertia, keeps object moving in curved paths

248 Circular Motion What is the symbol for centripetal force?
If the centripetal force is removed from an object in circular motion, the object will move in what direction?

249 Circular Motion What is the symbol for centripetal force? Fc
If the centripetal force is removed from an object in circular motion, the object will move in what direction? Tangent to the circle

250 Circular Motion Both centripetal force and centripetal acceleration act in which direction? Besides centripetal force, what other factor keeps an object in circular motion?

251 Circular Motion Both centripetal force and centripetal acceleration act in which direction? Towards the center Besides centripetal force, what other factor keeps an object in circular motion? Inertia

252 Circular Motion What is the centripetal acceleration on a bicyclist going around a curve (radius=20.m) at 6.7 m/s?

253 Circular Motion What is the centripetal acceleration on a bicyclist going around a curve (radius=20.m) at 6.7 m/s? 2.2 m/s2

254 Circular Motion What’s the centripetal force on a 95 kg object moving at 5.4 m/s around another object 7.7 m away?

255 Circular Motion What’s the centripetal force on a 95 kg object moving at 5.4 m/s around another object 7.7 m away? 360 N

256 Electrostatics

257 Electric Charges When an atom is neutral (not an __________), the number of electrons is_____________ the number of protons. An atom or material that loses electrons becomes __________charged, while an atom or material that gains electrons becomes ___________charged. An electron or proton carries one ____________ charge.

258 Electric Charges When an atom is neutral (not an __________), the number of electrons is_____________ the number of protons. Ion, Equal to An atom or material that loses electrons becomes __________charged, while an atom or material that gains electrons becomes ___________charged. An electron or proton carries one ____________ charge. (+), (-), Elementary

259 Electric Charges An elementary charge is equal to ____________________C A coulomb is equal to ____________________elementary charges

260 Electric Charges An elementary charge is equal to ____________________C 1.6 x A coulomb is equal to ____________________elementary charges 6.25 x 10 18

261 Electrostatics Objects can become charged (gain or lose electrons) due to _____________________. Two like-charged objects will _____________, while oppositely charged objects will ___________. A charged object and a neutral object will also usually ________________.

262 Electrostatics Objects can become charged (gain or lose electrons) due to _____________________. Friction Two like-charged objects will _____________, while oppositely charged objects will ___________. Repel, Attract A charged object and a neutral object will also usually ________________. Attract

263 Electrostatics When a negatively charged rod is brought near a neutral electroscope, what happens and why? This is called charging by ____________________

264 Electrostatics When a negatively charged rod is brought near a neutral electroscope, what happens and why? The leaves will repel because they are both charged negative due to the electrons being repelled by the rod and migrating down the electroscope. This is called charging by ____________________ Induction

265 Electrostatics An object which is capable of donating or accepting a large number of electrons is called an electrical _______________________. What’s the major example? If a negatively charged object is grounded, what will happen?

266 Electrostatics An object which is capable of donating or accepting a large number of electrons is called an electrical _______________________. Ground What’s the major example? Earth If a negatively charged object is grounded, what will happen? Electrons will move from the object to the ground

267 Electrostatics What is the law of conservation of charge?
If two spheres, one having +5C and the other –9C, touch, when moved apart, each sphere will have a charge of ____________________.

268 Electrostatics What is the law of conservation of charge?
Total charge of a closed system stays the same If two spheres, one having +5C and the other –9C, touch, when moved apart, each sphere will have a charge of ____________________. -2C

269 Electrostatics An object that has 1.34 x extra electrons will have a charge of ________________C

270 Electrostatics An object that has 1.34 x extra electrons will have a charge of ________________C 2.14 x 10 -3

271 Electric Force As the distance between two charged objects triples, the electrostatic force between them____________.

272 Electric Force As the distance between two charged objects triples, the electrostatic force between them____________. 1/9 of what it was

273 Electric Force What is the force between two objects, each having a charge of 0.40C, if they are 14m apart?

274 Electric Force What is the force between two objects, each having a charge of 0.40C, if they are 14m apart? 7.3 x 10 6 N

275 Electric Field An electric field’s direction is described according to how it acts on a _________charge.

276 Electric Field An electric field’s direction is described according to how it acts on a _________charge. Positive (+)

277 Electric Field Sketch the electrostatic fields: + +

278 Electric Field + + Sketch the electrostatic fields:
Move away from positive (+) to infinity + +

279 Electric Field Sketch the electrostatic fields: + -

280 Electric Field - + Sketch the electrostatic fields:
Move from positive (+) to negative (-) + -

281 Electric Field What is the field intensity if an object with a charge of 0.60 C is acted on by an electric force of 3.0 x 10 –3 N?

282 Electric Field What is the field intensity if an object with a charge of 0.60 C is acted on by an electric force of 3.0 x 10 –3 N? 5.0 x 10 –3 N/C

283 Electric Potential Energy & Electric Potential
The work needed to move a charged particle from one place to another within an electric field is known as the ____________ The work needed to move a unit charged particle from one place to another within an electric field is known as the ____________, ____________ or ____________

284 Electric Potential Energy & Electric Potential
The work needed to move a charged particle from one place to another within an electric field is known as the ____________ Electric potential energy The work needed to move a unit charged particle from one place to another within an electric field is known as the ____________, ____________ or ____________ Electric potential, Potential difference, voltage

285 Electric Potential Energy & Electric Potential
The unit of electric potential energy is the ________, represented by __________. When dealing with charges, the much smaller unit _________, represented by ________, and equal to _________________ J is used. The unit of potential difference is the ________, represented by __________.

286 Electric Potential Energy & Electric Potential
The unit of electric potential energy is the ________, represented by __________. Joules, J When dealing with charges, the much smaller unit _________, represented by ________, and equal to _________________ J is used. Electronvolt, eV, 1.6 x The unit of potential difference is the ________, represented by __________. Volt, V

287 Electric Current

288 Electric Current The unit which describes electric current in terms of how much charge passes a given point in a conductor is called the _____________, which is represented by _______________. The meter used to measure this is called an ______________, and is always connected in ________________.

289 Electric Current The unit which describes electric current in terms of how much charge passes a given point in a conductor is called the _____________, which is represented by _______________. Ampere, A The meter used to measure this is called an ______________, and is always connected in ________________. Ammeter, Series

290 Electric Current If 140C of charge passes a spot in a wire in 7.0 s, how many amperes of current is the wire carrying?

291 Electric Current If 140C of charge passes a spot in a wire in 7.0 s, how many amperes of current is the wire carrying? 20. A

292 Electric Voltage In order for current to flow in a wire there must be a complete circuit, and a ______________, or _______________. The meter used to measure this is a _____________, which is always connected in _________________.

293 Electric Voltage In order for current to flow in a wire there must be a complete circuit, and a ______________, or _______________. Potential difference, Voltage The meter used to measure this is a _____________, which is always connected in _________________. Voltmeter, Parallel

294 Electric Circuits What is the schematic symbol for: A battery (cell)?
A voltmeter? An ammeter? A resistor? A switch?

295 Electric Circuits What is the schematic symbol for: A battery (cell)?
A voltmeter? An ammeter? A resistor? A switch? See reference tables

296 Electric Resistance Metals and other materials with many free electrons are called ______________, because they allow current to pass easily. Things that don’t allow current to pass easily , like glass, rubber, and plastic, are called ________________.

297 Electric Resistance Metals and other materials with many free electrons are called ______________, because they allow current to pass easily. Things that don’t allow current to pass easily , like glass, rubber, and plastic, are called ________________. Conductors, Insulators

298 Electric Resistance The measurement of how easily current flows through a conductor is called ________________, measured in ____________________, and represented by _____________.

299 Electric Resistance The measurement of how easily current flows through a conductor is called ________________, measured in ____________________, and represented by _____________. Resistance, Ohms, Ω

300 Ohm’s Law How much current is carried by a conductor that has a resistance of 20. Ω when there is a potential difference of 200.V ?

301 Ohm’s Law How much current is carried by a conductor that has a resistance of 20. Ω when there is a potential difference of 200.V ? 10. A

302 Resistivity Generally, resistance decreases when a conductor’s length_________________, diameter __________________, and temperature ________________. The term used to describe the material’s inherent conductivity is ____________.

303 Resistivity Generally, resistance decreases when a conductor’s length_________________, diameter __________________, and temperature ________________. The term used to describe the material’s inherent conductivity is ____________. Decreases, Increases, Decreases, Resistivity

304 Resistivity What is the resistance of a 3.50 m length of aluminum wire that has a diameter of 4.0 x 10-3 m and is at 20o C?

305 Resistivity What is the resistance of a 3.50 m length of aluminum wire that has a diameter of 4.0 x 10-3 m and is at 20o C? 0.079 Ω

306 Series & Parallel Circuits
Sketch a series circuit that has two resistors of 50.Ω and 70.Ω and a battery of 12V, along with a switch. What is the total resistance? What is the total current? What is the voltage across the 50.Ω resistor?

307 Series & Parallel Circuits
Sketch a series circuit that has two resistors of 50.Ω and 70.Ω and a battery of 12V, along with a switch. See reference tables for symbols What is the total resistance? 120 Ω What is the total current? 0.10 A What is the voltage across the 50.Ω resistor? 5.0 V

308 Series & Parallel Circuits
Sketch a parallel circuit with the same components as the previous question. What is the total resistance? What is the total current? What is the current across the 50.Ω resistor?

309 Series & Parallel Circuits
Sketch a parallel circuit with the same components as the previous question. See reference tables for symbols What is the total resistance? 29 Ω What is the total current? 0.41 A What is the current across the 50.Ω resistor? 0.24 A

310 Series & Parallel Circuits
In parallel circuits, the total resistance is always ___________than the smallest resistor.

311 Series & Parallel Circuits
In parallel circuits, the total resistance is always ___________than the smallest resistor. Less

312 Electric Power The unit of electrical power is the ___________, symbolized by ___________. To find the power, multiply the ____________ by the _____________.

313 Electric Power The unit of electrical power is the ___________, symbolized by ___________. To find the power, multiply the ____________ by the _____________. Watt, W, Voltage (Volts), Current (Amperes)

314 Electric Power If a hair dryer is rated at 120V and 10.A, what is its power usage?

315 Electric Power If a hair dryer is rated at 120V and 10.A, what is its power usage? 1200 W

316 Electric Power The power used through time is found by multiplying the ________ by the ___________. The unit is the ____________. This is the electrical energy.

317 Electric Power The power used through time is found by multiplying the ________ by the ___________. The unit is the ____________. This is the electrical energy. Power (Watts), Time (Seconds), Joules

318 Electric Power If a 600.W amplifier is used for 20.s, what’s the electrical energy used?

319 Electric Power If a 600.W amplifier is used for 20.s, what’s the electrical energy used? 12000 J

320 Electric Power What is the current through conductor X? 7 A 2 A X 4 A

321 Electric Power 7 A 2 A X 4 A What is the current through conductor X?

322 Electric Power If three lightbulbs are hooked in series to a battery, the brightness of each is ________ compared to the brightness of one lightbulb hooked up to the same battery.

323 Electric Power If three lightbulbs are hooked in series to a battery, the brightness of each is ________ compared to the brightness of one lightbulb hooked up to the same battery. Less

324 Magnetism

325 Magnetism If a material has electrons that are aligned with each other, that material is ______________. It will have two poles called ____________ and ____________. A magnetic field surrounds any ______________ in _____________.

326 Magnetism If a material has electrons that are aligned with each other, that material is ______________. It will have two poles called ____________ and ____________. A magnetic field surrounds any ______________ in _____________. Magnetic, North, South, Charged Object, Motion

327 Magnetism Two like poles of magnets will _____________, while two unlike poles will ________________. Since the North end of a magnet points towards Earth’s North Pole, Earth’s North Pole must really be a ________________ magnetic pole.

328 Magnetism Two like poles of magnets will _____________, while two unlike poles will ________________. Since the North end of a magnet points towards Earth’s North Pole, Earth’s North Pole must really be a ________________ magnetic pole. Repel, Attract, South

329 Magnetism The _____________ of a magnetic field is measured by the force it exerts on a current in the field. The lines of magnetic fields are known as ____________ lines. Magnetic field lines by convention go from the __________ pole to the __________ pole.

330 Magnetism The _____________ of a magnetic field is measured by the force it exerts on a current in the field. The lines of magnetic fields are known as ____________ lines. Field Intensity, Flux Magnetic field lines by convention go from the __________ pole to the __________ pole. North, South

331 Magnetism Sketch the magnetic field lines: N S

332 Magnetism Sketch the magnetic field lines: N S

333 Magnetism Sketch the magnetic field lines: N N

334 Magnetism Sketch the magnetic field lines: N N

335 Magnetism Sketch the magnetic field lines: S S

336 Magnetism Sketch the magnetic field lines: S S

337 Magnetism Sketch the magnetic field lines: N S

338 Magnetism Sketch the magnetic field lines: N S

339 Magnetism When a moving conductor cuts magnetic field lines, a _____________ is generated in the conductor. If the conductor is part of a complete circuit, a ____________will be induced.

340 Magnetism When a moving conductor cuts magnetic field lines, a _____________ is generated in the conductor. If the conductor is part of a complete circuit, a ____________will be induced. Potential Difference, Current

341 Magnetism The greater the number of field lines a conductor cuts, the ___________ will be the voltage produced.

342 Magnetism The greater the number of field lines a conductor cuts, the ___________ will be the voltage produced. Greater

343 Vibrations & Waves

344 Vibrations & Waves A vibratory disturbance that moves through a material (medium) or empty space is called a _____________. Give four examples:

345 Vibrations & Waves A vibratory disturbance that moves through a material (medium) or empty space is called a _____________. Wave Give four examples: Sound, Light, Water Wave, Earthquake Wave

346 Vibrations & Waves A single vibration is a ____________________. Pulse
Sketch its reflection when it hits a barrier (fixed end):

347 Vibrations & Waves A single vibration is a ____________________. Pulse
Sketch its reflection when it hits a barrier (fixed end): Reflected pulse is inverted

348 Longitudinal & Transverse Waves
What is a longitudinal wave and what are two examples?

349 Longitudinal & Transverse Waves
What is a longitudinal wave and what are two examples? Vibrates in the same direction as the wave travels Sound waves, P-waves

350 Longitudinal & Transverse Waves
What is a longitudinal wave and what are two examples? Vibrates in the same direction as the wave travels Sound waves, P-waves What is a transverse wave and what are two examples?

351 Longitudinal & Transverse Waves
What is a longitudinal wave and what are two examples? Vibrates in the same direction as the wave travels Sound waves, P-waves What is a transverse wave and what are two examples? Vibration is perpendicular to the direction which the wave travels Light, S-waves

352 Vibrations & Waves Sketch three cycles of a wave that has a wavelength of 4m and an amplitude of 1 m Amplitude (m) Distance (m)

353 Vibrations & Waves Sketch three cycles of a wave that has a wavelength of 4m and an amplitude of 1 m Amplitude (m) 1 4 8 12 Distance (m) - 1

354 Vibrations & Waves Sketch three cycles of a wave that has a wavelength of 4m and an amplitude of 1 m If the wave is moving at 8 m/s, what is its frequency? Amplitude (m) 1 4 8 12 Distance (m) - 1

355 Vibrations & Waves Sketch three cycles of a wave that has a wavelength of 4m and an amplitude of 1 m If the wave is moving at 8 m/s, what is its frequency? 2 Hz Amplitude (m) 1 4 8 12 Distance (m) - 1

356 Vibrations & Waves The units for frequency are ___________ and _________. The time it takes for one wave cycle to go by is called the ______________, which has as its unit, the __________.

357 Vibrations & Waves The units for frequency are ___________ and _________. The time it takes for one wave cycle to go by is called the ______________, which has as its unit, the __________. Hertz (Hz), Cycle/s (cps), Period, Second (s)

358 Vibrations & Waves What is the period of a wave that has a frequency of 100. cps?

359 Vibrations & Waves What is the period of a wave that has a frequency of 100. cps? 0.01 s

360 Vibrations & Waves The “top” of the wave is called the ___________, and the “bottom” is called the ____________.

361 Vibrations & Waves The “top” of the wave is called the ___________, and the “bottom” is called the ____________. Crest, Trough

362 Vibrations & Waves If the frequency of a wave is 43 Hz and its wavelength is 5.4 m, what is its speed?

363 Vibrations & Waves If the frequency of a wave is 43 Hz and its wavelength is 5.4 m, what is its speed? 230 m/s

364 Vibrations & Waves Frequency is symbolized by _______. Wavelength is symbolized by ____________. If the speed stays the same, as the wavelength increases, the frequency must _____________.

365 Vibrations & Waves Frequency is symbolized by _______. Wavelength is symbolized by ____________. If the speed stays the same, as the wavelength increases, the frequency must _____________. f, λ, Decrease

366 Vibrations & Waves All points on a wave that are in phase make up a wave ______________. Waves transfer ________________, not matter.

367 Vibrations & Waves All points on a wave that are in phase make up a wave ______________. Front Waves transfer ________________, not matter. Energy

368 Doppler Effect If a wave-making object is moving away from an observer, the perceived frequency is __________ than it really is. This is called the ________________.

369 Doppler Effect If a wave-making object is moving away from an observer, the perceived frequency is __________ than it really is. This is called the ________________. Lower, Doppler Effect

370 Doppler Effect If a wave-making object is moving away from an observer, the perceived frequency is __________ than it really is. This is called the ________________. Lower, Doppler Effect When the light from stars is shifted toward the ____________ end of the spectrum, the stars are moving away from us.

371 Doppler Effect If a wave-making object is moving away from an observer, the perceived frequency is __________ than it really is. This is called the ________________. Lower, Doppler Effect When the light from stars is shifted toward the ____________ end of the spectrum, the stars are moving away from us. Red

372 Interference When two waves are in phase, their combined amplitude will be ____________ than each one singly. This is called ________________ Interference.

373 Interference When two waves are in phase, their combined amplitude will be ____________ than each one singly. This is called ________________ Interference. Higher, Constructive

374 Interference When two waves are in phase, their combined amplitude will be ____________ than each one singly. This is called ________________ Interference. Higher, Constructive When two waves are out of phase, their combined amplitude will be _____________ than each singly. This is called ________________interference.

375 Interference When two waves are in phase, their combined amplitude will be ____________ than each one singly. This is called ________________ Interference. Higher, Constructive When two waves are out of phase, their combined amplitude will be _____________ than each singly. This is called ________________interference. Lower, Destructive

376 Standing Waves When two waves of the same amplitude and frequency travel in opposite directions (often from a wave reflecting back on itself), a _________________ is formed. This is also known as _________________________.

377 Standing Waves When two waves of the same amplitude and frequency travel in opposite directions (often from a wave reflecting back on itself), a _________________ is formed. This is also known as _________________________. Standing wave, Resonance

378 Standing Waves When two waves of the same amplitude and frequency travel in opposite directions (often from a wave reflecting back on itself), a _________________ is formed. This is also known as _________________________. Standing wave, Resonance Give two examples:

379 Standing Waves When two waves of the same amplitude and frequency travel in opposite directions (often from a wave reflecting back on itself), a _________________ is formed. This is also known as _________________________. Standing wave, Resonance Give two examples: Guitar String, Tacoma Narrows Bridge

380 Standing Waves When two waves of the same amplitude and frequency travel in opposite directions (often from a wave reflecting back on itself), a _________________ is formed. This is also known as _________________________. Standing wave, Resonance Give two examples: Guitar String, Tacoma Narrows Bridge For standing wave, __________ form at points of maximum destructive interference, and _____________ form at points of maximum constructive interference.

381 Standing Waves When two waves of the same amplitude and frequency travel in opposite directions (often from a wave reflecting back on itself), a _________________ is formed. This is also known as _________________________. Standing wave, Resonance Give two examples: Guitar String, Tacoma Narrows Bridge For standing wave, __________ form at points of maximum destructive interference, and _____________ form at points of maximum constructive interference. Nodes, Antinodes

382 Diffraction When waves bend around corners or propagate behind a slit, this is called _________________.

383 Diffraction When waves bend around corners or propagate behind a slit, this is called _________________. Diffraction

384 Diffraction Sketch the wave pattern behind the slit: Wave fronts

385 Diffraction Sketch the wave pattern behind the slit:
Concentric Circular Wave Fronts Wave fronts

386 Light

387 Light The speed of light in a vacuum is __________________, and is represented by __________.

388 Light The speed of light in a vacuum is __________________, and is represented by __________. 3 x 10 8 m/s, c

389 Light What’s the frequency of a light beam that has a wavelength of 4.5 x 10 –7 m?

390 Light What’s the frequency of a light beam that has a wavelength of 4.5 x 10 –7 m? 6.7 x Hz

391 Reflection Given an incident ray, draw the normal and the reflected ray. Label the angle of incident (θi) and the angle of reflection (θr) Incident Ray

392 Reflection Given an incident ray, draw the normal and the reflected ray. Label the angle of incident (θi) and the angle of reflection (θr) Normal Incident Ray Reflected Ray θi θr

393 Reflection Given an incident ray, draw the normal and the reflected ray. Label the angle of incident (θi) and the angle of reflection (θr) How do these two angles compare? Normal Incident Ray Reflected Ray θi θr

394 Reflection Given an incident ray, draw the normal and the reflected ray. Label the angle of incident (θi) and the angle of reflection (θr) How do these two angles compare? θi = θr Normal Incident Ray Reflected Ray θi θr

395 Reflection Mirrors show ___________reflection while this paper shows ___________reflection. Images seen in a mirror are called ____________images.

396 Reflection Mirrors show ___________reflection while this paper shows ___________reflection. Regular, Irregular (Diffused) Images seen in a mirror are called ____________images. Virtual

397 Refraction When light enters a new medium at an angle, the wave fronts will be bent. This is called ________________________.

398 Refraction When light enters a new medium at an angle, the wave fronts will be bent. This is called ________________________. Refraction

399 Refraction The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a medium is called that medium’s _____________________. It’s represented by ________.

400 Refraction The ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a medium is called that medium’s _____________________. It’s represented by ________. Absolute Index of Refraction, n

401 Refraction When light enters a medium that has a higher index of refraction, it will bend ___________________ the normal. When it enters a medium with a lower index of refraction, it will bend ____________ the normal.

402 Refraction When light enters a medium that has a higher index of refraction, it will bend ___________________ the normal. When it enters a medium with a lower index of refraction, it will bend ____________ the normal. Towards, Away From

403 Refraction Show the probable path of the light ray (just sketch, don’t measure) Air Glass Air

404 Refraction Show the probable path of the light ray (just sketch, don’t measure) Normal θ1 Air θ2 θ1 Glass Air θ2 Normal

405 Refraction If the speed of light in a certain medium is 2.3 x 10 8 m/s, what is that medium’s index of refraction?

406 Refraction If the speed of light in a certain medium is 2.3 x 10 8 m/s, what is that medium’s index of refraction? 1.3

407 Refraction If a medium has an index of refraction of 2.4, what will be the angle of refraction from air if the angle of incidence in air is 25o ?

408 Refraction If a medium has an index of refraction of 2.4, what will be the angle of refraction from air if the angle of incidence in air is 25o ? 10 o

409 Refraction Draw the normal. Label the angles of incidence and refraction. Which is more optically dense, A or B? A B θ1 - Angle of Incidence θ2 - Angle of Refraction

410 Refraction Draw the normal. Label the angles of incidence and refraction. Which is more optically dense, A or B? A is more Dense Normal θ1 A θ2 B θ1 - Angle of Incidence θ2 - Angle of Refraction

411 Electromagnetic Waves
Visible light makes up one part of the ____________________.

412 Electromagnetic Waves
Visible light makes up one part of the ____________________. Electromagnetic Spectrum

413 Electromagnetic Waves
What is the approximate frequency of yellow light?

414 Electromagnetic Waves
What is the approximate frequency of yellow light? 5.03 x 1014 – 5.20 x 1014 Hz

415 Modern Physics

416 Waves & Particles List three examples which demonstrate ER (electromagnetic radiation) acting like a wave:

417 Waves & Particles List three examples which demonstrate ER (electromagnetic radiation) acting like a wave: Diffraction, Interference, Polarization

418 Waves & Particles Name one example which shows ER behaving like a particle:

419 Waves & Particles Name one example which shows ER behaving like a particle: Photoelectric Effect

420 Waves & Particles Briefly describe the photoelectric effect:

421 Waves & Particles Briefly describe the photoelectric effect:
Light hitting photoemissive materials will eject electrons if the frequency is high enough

422 Quantum Physics Quantum theory describes ER in discrete amounts called __________________. The energy of each photon of light increases with increasing _____________________. The equation used to find this uses Planck’s constant, represented by ______ and equal to _________________

423 Quantum Physics Quantum theory describes ER in discrete amounts called __________________. Photons The energy of each photon of light increases with increasing _____________________. Frequency The equation used to find this uses Planck’s constant, represented by ______ and equal to _________________ h, 6.63 x J s

424 Quantum Physics At the atomic level, ER and matter both exhibit characteristics of waves and_____________.

425 Quantum Physics At the atomic level, ER and matter both exhibit characteristics of waves and_____________. Particles

426 Energy Levels When atoms are excited, electrons can jump to higher _________________ from their ____________________. When they jump back down, _______________ is emitted.

427 Energy Levels When atoms are excited, electrons can jump to higher _________________ from their ____________________. When they jump back down, _______________ is emitted. Energy Levels, Ground State, Light

428 Energy Levels What is the color of the light emitted from a hydrogen atom when its electron drops from the n = 5 to the n = 2 level?

429 Energy Levels What is the color of the light emitted from a hydrogen atom when its electron drops from the n = 5 to the n = 2 level? 6.9 x Hz (Violet)

430 Energy Levels Each element will have certain emissions based on the possible energy level changes of its electrons. This causes each element to have a characteristic emission _________, or ________________.

431 Energy Levels Each element will have certain emissions based on the possible energy level changes of its electrons. This causes each element to have a characteristic emission _________, or ________________. Spectra, Bright Line Spectra

432 Strong Force The structure of the atom is now known to include protons and neutrons (collectively known as ___________________), which are located in the nucleus. What keeps the protons from pushing each other apart?

433 Strong Force The structure of the atom is now known to include protons and neutrons (collectively known as ___________________), which are located in the nucleus. Nucleons What keeps the protons from pushing each other apart? Strong Force

434 Mass & Energy The equivalency of mass and energy was described by Einstein in his equation: E = mc 2 What is the energy produced when 2.3 kg of mass is converted to energy?

435 Mass & Energy The equivalency of mass and energy was described by Einstein in his equation: E = mc 2 What is the energy produced when 2.3 kg of mass is converted to energy? 2.1 x J

436 Mass & Energy What are the four fundamental forces, in order of strength?

437 Mass & Energy What are the four fundamental forces, in order of strength? Strong Force, Electromagnetic Force, Weak Force, Gravity

438 Standard Model The smallest particle known is the ______________.

439 Standard Model The smallest particle known is the ______________.
Quark

440 Standard Model The smallest particle known is the ______________.
Quark These are found in six varieties, called ___________ _____________, ____________, ___________, ___________, & _____________.

441 Standard Model The smallest particle known is the ______________.
Quark These are found in six varieties, called ___________ _____________, ____________, ___________, ___________, & _____________. Up, Down, Charm, Strange, Top, Bottom

442 Standard Model The smallest particle known is the ______________.
Quark These are found in six varieties, called ___________ _____________, ____________, ___________, ___________, & _____________. Up, Down, Charm, Strange, Top, Bottom Quarks have charges of either __________ or ____________, and so can be combined to make various other particles.

443 Standard Model The smallest particle known is the ______________.
Quark These are found in six varieties, called ___________ _____________, ____________, ___________, ___________, & _____________. Up, Down, Charm, Strange, Top, Bottom Quarks have charges of either __________ or ____________, and so can be combined to make various other particles. +/- 1/3, +/- 2/3

444 Standard Model Since all particles have antiparticles, there are also _________.

445 Standard Model Since all particles have antiparticles, there are also _________. Antiquarks

446 Standard Model A baryon is a type of _______________. It is made of three _____________.

447 Standard Model A baryon is a type of _______________. It is made of three _____________. Hadrons, Quarks

448 Standard Model A baryon is a type of _______________. It is made of three _____________. Hadrons, Quarks Give one example of a Lepton: _______________.

449 Standard Model A baryon is a type of _______________. It is made of three _____________. Hadrons, Quarks Give one example of a Lepton: _______________. Electron

450 Reference Table

451 Reference Table k represents the spring constant, but also is used to represent the ____________ which is ____________________.

452 Reference Table k represents the spring constant, but also is used to represent the ____________ which is ____________________. Electrostatic Constant, 8.99 x 10 9 Nm2/C2

453 Reference Table How fast does sound travel in air? _______________.

454 Reference Table How fast does sound travel in air? _______________.
3.31 x 10 2 m/s

455 Reference Table How fast does sound travel in air? _______________.
3.31 x 10 2 m/s Expressed in millimeters per second , it’s ____________. Expressed in picometers per second, it’s _____________.

456 Reference Table How fast does sound travel in air? _______________.
3.31 x 10 2 m/s Expressed in millimeters per second , it’s ____________. 3.31 x 10 5 mm/s Expressed in picometers per second, it’s _____________. 3.31 x pm/s

457 Reference Table What is the mass of one proton? _______________________. What would this be in micrograms? _____________________.

458 Reference Table What is the mass of one proton? _______________________. 1.67 x kg What would this be in micrograms? _____________________. 1.67 x μg

459 Reference Table To change gigaseconds into nanoseconds, ______________ by __________________.

460 Reference Table To change gigaseconds into nanoseconds, ______________ by __________________. Multiply, 10 18

461 Reference Table The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is: _______________.

462 Reference Table The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is: _______________. 9.81 m/s2

463 Reference Table The kinetic friction coefficient between rubber on wet asphalt is ________________.

464 Reference Table The kinetic friction coefficient between rubber on wet asphalt is ________________. 0.53

465 Reference Table The kinetic friction coefficient between rubber on wet asphalt is ________________. 0.53 This is the same coefficient as the starting friction coefficient between ______________.

466 Reference Table The kinetic friction coefficient between rubber on wet asphalt is ________________. 0.53 This is the same coefficient as the starting friction coefficient between ______________. Copper and Steel

467 Reference Table TV waves have wavelengths of about ___________________.

468 Reference Table TV waves have wavelengths of about ___________________. 10 0 – 10 1 m

469 Reference Table Which has the higher frequency? ultraviolet or infrared?

470 Reference Table Which has the higher frequency? ultraviolet or infrared? Ultraviolet

471 Reference Table Corn oil has an index of refraction that is the same as ____________.

472 Reference Table Corn oil has an index of refraction that is the same as ____________. Glycerol

473 Reference Table Corn oil has an index of refraction that is the same as ____________. Glycerol Which listed material will bend light the most?

474 Reference Table Corn oil has an index of refraction that is the same as ____________. Glycerol Which listed material will bend light the most? Diamond

475 Reference Table In a series circuit, the ___________ stays constant throughout the circuit, whereas in a parallel circuit, the ___________ stays constant.

476 Reference Table In a series circuit, the ___________ stays constant throughout the circuit, whereas in a parallel circuit, the ___________ stays constant. Current, Voltage

477 Reference Table The electrostatic force on a particle divided by the charge of the particle gives the ___________________.

478 Reference Table The electrostatic force on a particle divided by the charge of the particle gives the ___________________. Electric Field

479 Reference Table Which listed conductor has the lowest resistivity?

480 Reference Table Which listed conductor has the lowest resistivity?
Silver

481 Reference Table What is the schematic symbol for a volume control (variable resistor)?

482 Reference Table What is the schematic symbol for a volume control (variable resistor)?

483 Reference Table The frequency is inversely proportional to the ____________ of a wave.

484 Reference Table The frequency is inversely proportional to the ____________ of a wave. Period

485 Reference Table The energy of an emitted photon will equal the difference between the __________ level the electron is on and the __________ level.

486 Reference Table The energy of an emitted photon will equal the difference between the __________ level the electron is on and the __________ level. Initial, Final

487 Reference Table The energy of an emitted photon will equal the difference between the __________ level the electron is on and the __________ level. Initial, Final To find the frequency of an emitted photon of light, multiply the energy in eV by _________________ , and divide by ________________________.

488 Reference Table The energy of an emitted photon will equal the difference between the __________ level the electron is on and the __________ level. Initial, Final To find the frequency of an emitted photon of light, multiply the energy in eV by _________________ , and divide by ________________________. 1.6x x J, Planck’s Constant

489 Reference Table To find the cross-sectional area of a conductor, take the diameter and __________________________________.

490 Reference Table To find the cross-sectional area of a conductor, take the diameter and __________________________________. Divide by 2, then square it and multiply by π

491 Reference Table If you know the initial angle and speed of a kicked soccer ball, you can find the initial vertical component of the speed by _______________________________________.

492 Reference Table If you know the initial angle and speed of a kicked soccer ball, you can find the initial vertical component of the speed by _______________________________________. Multiplying the sine of the angle by the initial velocity

493 Reference Table What equation would you use if you know the initial velocity, acceleration, the distance an object accelerated and you want to find the final velocity?

494 Reference Table What equation would you use if you know the initial velocity, acceleration, the distance an object accelerated and you want to find the final velocity? vf 2 = vi 2 + 2ad

495 Reference Table The momentum of a system before an event ____________the momentum of a system after the event.

496 Reference Table The momentum of a system before an event ____________the momentum of a system after the event. Equals

497 Reference Table The momentum of a system before an event ____________the momentum of a system after the event. Equals The change in momentum of an object is called the ________________, and can be found by multiplying the applied force times the ________________________..

498 Reference Table The momentum of a system before an event ____________the momentum of a system after the event. Equals The change in momentum of an object is called the ________________, and can be found by multiplying the applied force times the ________________________.. Impulse, Time

499 Reference Table The total energy of an object equals the sum of its potential energy, kinetic energy, and ___________________________.

500 Reference Table The total energy of an object equals the sum of its potential energy, kinetic energy, and ___________________________. Internal Energy

501 The End Best Wishes on the Regents!


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