1. IPRs and Innovation
August 10, 2016

2. Multilateral agreements
Berne Convention, protection to literary and artistic works. Revised seven times in 1896 (at Paris), 1908 (at Berlin), (at Rome), 1948 (at Brussels) , 1967 (at Stockholm) and (at Paris) and finally in 1978.
The 1971 revision (the Paris Act) is of particular importance to the developing countries
Provides special concessions to these countries in making translations and reproduction of foreign literary works for educational purposes. Ninety countries are at present member of the Berne Convention.
In August, 1952 the Universal Copyright Convention (UCC). India is a member of both the Berne Convention and the UCC.

3. In India too legislation has supported IP
1876, 1963 – Dramatic Performances Act
1914, 1957 – Copyright Act
1918, 1952 – Cinematograph Act
1981 – Cine-workers welfare Cess Act, Cine- workers welfare Fund Act, Cine-workers and Cinema Theatre workers (Regulation of Employment) Act.
1995 – Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act

4. TRIPS stipulates standardization of IPRs across countries to ensure minimum standards
Patents
Copyrights and related rights
Trademarks
Geographic indications
Trade secrets
Layout-designs (Topographies) of Integrated Circuits (Semiconductor Mask Works)
Industrial Designs
The Uruguay Round ( ) negotiations led to the inclusion of Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMS), Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and services

5. The classic North-South divide in innovation
Developed economies
Source of technology and innovation
Demand for better IPRs to ensure ROI on R&D investments
Emerging economies
Acquire technology through transfers or imitation
IPR protection to foster growth

6. What role do intellectual property rights play in promoting innovation and therefore driving growth in the knowledge economy?

7. Structure of our analysis
Innovation - the amalgamation of new ventures with creative insights that leads to generation of social and economic value.
Level of innovation is quantified as the number of IPRs registered by a specific nation/state.
Study the various factors that drive innovation in the economy and their role in driving innovation

8. Extensive data collation
Total number of patent application/granted
Macro-economic variables (GDP, growth, FDI,…)
IT and Infrastructure variables
Policy/Business metrics
133 countries
123 years

9. Changing world order in Innovation
1980
1990
2000
2010
2014
China 0% 1% 4%
20%
35%
United States of America
13%
17%
22%
25%
Japan
23%
37%
30%
12%
Republic of Korea 3% 7% 9% 8%
Germany 6% 5% 2%
India
Russian Federation
Canada
Brazil
Australia

10. FDI and growth show no clear relationship with Innovation
Patents vs. GDP Growth%
Patents vs. FDI

11. Innovation is related to higher incomes
Correlation between pc income and patents increased from 10% to 44% over the last 26 years
Direction of causality unclear
Patents vs. Per Capita GDP

12. Innovation becomes a self sustaining habit
Legacy is the strongest factor

13. Summary of Findings…
Innovation does not depend on growth percentages but does tend to be focused in hubs
There is a clear relationship between wealth and innovation; but no clear direction of causality…
Openness of an economy and a legacy key to putting the economy on a path to higher innovativeness

14. Corroborating the findings on Innovation within India
Controller General of Patents, Designs, Trade Marks and Registrar of Geographical Indications

15. India in the positive spiral of innovation
India improves score – 7.23 from 6.95
Increased IPR protection translates to higher firm level R & D spending
The Copyright software protection a step forward
Make in India: IP an important component and so says the PM

16. Lots to do on IP to foster Innovation
Software product patents, no clarity.
Copyrights implementation is poor, with delays in the legal process
Patenting is complicated – not just novelty, usefulness and non obviousness but also Inventive step and Capable of industrial application

17. Discussions…