1. Classification of Matter
Matter is anything that has mass and volume.
What are some examples of matter?

2. Define- Properties
Extensive Properties- depend on the amount of matter in a sample
Intensive Properties- depend on the type of matter
Physical Properties- can be observed without changing chemical composition
Chemical Properties- can only be observed when changing chemical composition

3. States Of Matter Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Pearson Chemistry: Kinetic Art

4. Changes in State liquid *All changes in state are physical changes !
sublimation
melting
vaporization
gas
solid
liquid
condensing
freezing
deposition
*All changes in state are physical changes !

5. Define- Mixtures
Mixtures are two or more substances that are not chemically combined.
Mixtures do not have a fixed composition
Individual components retain their characteristic properties
They can be separated by physical means (physical changes)

6. Types of Mixtures
There are two types of mixtures and each is a class of matter
1. Heterogeneous Mixtures- do not appear the same throughout
2. Homogeneous Mixtures (Solutions)- do appear the same throughout

7. Examples of mixtures

8. Physical Separation Techniques
By eye
Filtration to separate solid and liquid
Distillation to separate two or more liquids with different boiling points
Pearson Chemistry: Kinetic Art
Chromatography to separate pure liquids or solutions of compounds

9. Define- Pure Substances
There are 2 types of pure substances and each is a class of matter
They are composed of the same kind of particles throughout (homogeneous)
In Elements, the particles are atoms
In Compounds, the particles are molecules or ions

10. Types of Pure Substances
1. Elements
composed of atoms of the same element, all atoms are the same
EX: copper wire, aluminum foil

11. Types of Pure Substances
2. Compounds
composed of 2 or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions
properties differ from those of individual elements
EX: table salt (NaCl)

12. Compounds Law of Definite Composition
A given compound always contains the same, fixed ratio of elements.
Law of Multiple Proportions
Elements can combine in different ratios to form different compounds.

13. Can it be physically separated?
A. Matter Flowchart
MATTER
yes no
Can it be physically separated?
MIXTURE
PURE SUBSTANCE
Is the composition uniform? no
yes
Can it be chemically decomposed? no
yes
Homogeneous Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous Mixture
Compound
Element

14. The Atomic-Molecular Theory of Matter A “microscopic” view

15. PRACTICE PROBLEMS Classify the following as an element, compound,
or mixture (heterogeneous or homogeneous).
_____ air _____ oxygen
_____ tin can _____ sugar
_____ Windex _____ crude oil
_____ suntan lotion _____ gummi bear
A white solid is dissolved in water. The resulting colorless, clear liquid is boiled in a beaker until
dryness. White crystals remain in the beaker.
The liquid can be classified as a(n) ________.
Classify the following as physical or chemical
changes.
_____ photosynthesis _____ baking
_____ writing with pencil _____ snowing

16. STUDY PROBLEM
1. Classify the following as an element, compound, or mixture (heterogeneous or homogeneous).
_____ wine _____ root beer
_____ penny _____ table salt
_____ Bleach _____ wood
_____ diamond _____ vinegar
2. A clear blue liquid in an open beaker was left in the hood. After 1 week, the beaker contained only blue crystals. The original liquid can be classified as a(n) ______________.
Classify the following as physical or chemical
changes.
_____ perspiration _____ sugar dissolving
_____ fermentation _____ aging