1. Chapter 2: Matter and Change
Elements and compounds

2. Learning Target You will:
Classify whether matter is a pure substance, element, compound, mixture, solution, heterogeneous or homogeneous.

3. Matter Concept Map Matter Pure Substance Mixture
You will classify whether matter is a pure substance, element, compound, mixture, solution, heterogeneous or homogeneous.

4. Pure Substance Element Compound Continued …
You will classify whether matter is a pure substance, element, compound, mixture, solution, heterogeneous or homogeneous.

5. Mixture Homogeneous Heterogeneous Continued …
You will classify whether matter is a pure substance, element, compound, mixture, solution, heterogeneous or homogeneous.

6. Pure Substance vs. Mixture
Pure substance: cannot be separated further by physical means
Mixture: can be separated by physical means
You will classify whether matter is a pure substance, element, compound, mixture, solution, heterogeneous or homogeneous.

7. Element vs. Compound
Element: cannot be separated into simpler substances
Example: mercury
Can see on the periodic table
Compound: atoms of different elements chemically combined
Example: mercury sulfide
Must be chemically taken apart
You will classify whether matter is a pure substance, element, compound, mixture, solution, heterogeneous or homogeneous.

8. Continued … Mixture Homogeneous Heterogeneous
You will classify whether matter is a pure substance, element, compound, mixture, solution, heterogeneous or homogeneous.

9. Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous
Homogeneous: the same throughout
Example: stainless steel
Heterogeneous: not the same throughout
Example: granite
You will classify whether matter is a pure substance, element, compound, mixture, solution, heterogeneous or homogeneous.

10. Practice
Classify each of the following types of matter as an element, a compound, or a mixture and provide reasons for their answers.
Epsom salt (magnesium sulfate)
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
Mercury (Hg)
Sweetened iced tea
Compound; it is composed of at least two elements.
Compound; it is composed of two elements.
Element; its symbol shows that it is composed of only one kind of matter.
Mixture; it has a composition that can vary.
You will classify whether matter is a pure substance, element, compound, mixture, solution, heterogeneous or homogeneous.

11. Separation techniques
Distillation
Electrolysis
Filtration
separation process
water is boiled off, changed to steam, and leaves a precipitate.
steam is collected & cooled, condensing to pure water.
using an electric current to drive a non- spontaneous chemical reaction
can be used to separate compounds.
Separates a liquid from a solid
Liquid passes through filter paper and solid remains
You will classify whether matter is a pure substance, element, compound, mixture, solution, heterogeneous or homogeneous.

12. Examples
Liquid A and Liquid B are clear liquids. They are placed in open containers and allowed to evaporate. When evaporation is complete, there is a white solid in container B but no solid in container A. From these results, what can you infer about the two liquids?
Liquid A is probably a substance. Liquid B is a mixture.
A clear liquid in an open container is allowed to evaporate. After three days, a solid is left in the container. Was the clear liquid an element, a compound, or a mixture? How do you know?
The liquid was not an element because a solid was left when the liquid evaporated. A physical process, such as evaporation, cannot be used to break down a compound. Therefore, the liquid was a mixture.
You will classify whether matter is a pure substance, element, compound, mixture, solution, heterogeneous or homogeneous.

13. You try …
In your notebook, design an experiment that employs all the separation techniques mentioned.
You will classify whether matter is a pure substance, element, compound, mixture, solution, heterogeneous or homogeneous.

14. Summarize how you feel …
You will:
Classify whether matter is a pure substance, element, compound, mixture, solution, heterogeneous or homogeneous.