1. Ch2.1 Classification of Matter
Chemistry – the study of the composition of substances
and the changes they undergo
The Classification of Matter
Elements – simplest forms of matter (periodic table)
ex: iron, aluminum, oxygen
Compounds – combinations of elements chemically attached
to each other
ex: NaCl (table salt), H2O, CH4 (methane)
Mixtures
Homogeneous mixture – substances mixed together that are
the same throughout.
ex: air in this room, solutions
Heterogeneous mixture – substances mixed, not uniform
ex: salad, muddy water, the atmosphere

2. Lab2.1 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
- complete the lab in your BRAND NEW NOTEBOOK!
- keep all labs in the notebook, and BE REWARDED POINTS!
- follow proper lab report format, and MAXIMIZE CREDIT!

4. Lab2.1 Classification of Matter Name _______________
Objective: Classify the different substances by the type of matter (+1)
Procedure: Identify the type of matter at each station as either:
element, compound, or (type) mixture (+1)
Prelab Questions: (None on this lab) (+1 each)
Data Tables: (+5) 1
Iron 11
Sugar water 2
Zinc 12
Vinegar 3
NaCl dissolved in water 13
Aluminum 4
H20 and food coloring 14
Chalk 5
Baking soda (NaHCO3) 15
Sulfur 6
Granite 16
Solder 7
Oxygen 17
Air 8
Brass 18
Epsom salt 9
Sand 19
Muddy water 10
Lead 20
Bowl of Candy

6. Graphs: (none on this lab.) (+5)
Temp
(oC)
0: :30 1: : :00
Time (sec)
Conclusions (+2 each) 1. :
Total: 19 points
Further Investigations (none on this lab.) (+2 XC each!)
Ch2 HW#1 1 – 3

7. Ch2 HW #1 1 – 3
1. When solving a problem using the scientific method
why does the hypothesis come before the experiment?
2. Classify as element compound, or mixture (include type):
a. silver
b. pine tree
c. orange juice
d. oxygen
e. iced tea
f. air
3. A clear liquid in an open container is allowed to evaporate.
After 3 days, a solid residue is left. Was original liquid E, C, M?

8. 1. When solving a problem using the scientific method
why does the hypothesis come before the experiment?
Leads you to the correct experiments to attempt
2. Classify as element compound, or mixture (include type):
a. silver
b. pine tree
c. orange juice
d. oxygen
e. iced tea
f. air
3. A clear liquid in an open container is allowed to evaporate.
After 3 days, a solid residue is left. Was original liquid E, C, M?

9. Ch2.2 Properties of Matter
Physical Properties – deal with the physical state: solid, liquid, gas (table)
ex: mass, volume, density, boiling point, melting point,
malleability (smash it), ductility (make into wire), etc.
These properties don’t change what it is
Physical Changes – change any of these
ex: boil, freeze, condense, dissolve, break, split, crack, crush, etc.

10. Chemical Properties – deal with how a substance chemically reacts
with other substances.
Chemical Change- substances transform into new substances
with different properties. Can’t easily be changed back.
Evidence of Chemical Reaction:

11. Chemical Properties – deal with how a substance chemically reacts
with other substances.
Chemical Change- substances transform into new substances
with different properties. Can’t easily be changed back.
Evidence of Chemical Reaction:
1. Color change
2. Gas produced
3. Precipitate formed – a solid that forms
Ex: AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl(aq) NaNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)

12. Chemical Properties – deal with how a substance chemically reacts
with other substances.
Chemical Change- substances transform into new substances
with different properties. Can’t easily be changed back.
Evidence of Chemical Reaction:
1. Color change
2. Gas produced
3. Precipitate formed – a solid that forms
Ex: AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl(aq) NaNO3(aq) + AgCl(s)
reactants products
aqueous solid
a homogeneous the precipitate
mixture that formed

14. Lab2.2 Chemical and Physical Changes
No Signed syllabus and lab safety, no lab for you tomorrow!
1. Lab supplies
2. Procedure
Ch2 HW#2 4 – 9

15. Lab2.2 Chemical and Physical Changes
- due 3 days

16. Ch2 HW #2 4 – 9
4. Physical state (s, l, g) at room temp:
a. gold
b. gasoline
c. helium
5. Which are physical changes
a. baking a potato
b. carving wood
c. freezing mercury
d. dissolving sugar in water

17. 6. Classify a physical or chemical change:
a. bread is baked
b. salt dissolved in water
c. milk spoils
d. snowflake melts
7. When powdered iron is left exposed to the air it rusts.
Explain why the rust weighs more than the original powdered iron.

18. 8. Chemical Name of each:
a. Sn
b. Cu
c. S
d. Cd
e. P
f. Cl
9. List evidence of chemical change:

19. Scientific method (OHERAC) Observation Hypothesis Experiment Results
Ch2.1 – Experimenting with Matter
Scientific method (OHERAC)
Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
Results
Analysis and Conclusions

21. Scientific method
Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
Results
Analysis and Conclusions
Lab2.3 – What are the products of combustion?
Candle wax reacts with oxygen to produce
C25H52(s) 

22. Candle wax reacts with oxygen to produce
C25H52(s) 
Hypothesis – educated guess

23. Candle wax reacts with oxygen to produce
C25H52(s) 
Hypothesis – educated guess
… leads to a conclusion
… leads to a theory
Theory – a thoroughly tested explanation of why experiments give certain
results

24. Hypothesis – educated guess
… leads to a conclusion
… leads to a theory
Theory – a thoroughly tested explanation of why experiments give certain
results
… versus a Scientific Law – an explanation of observations or
scientific phenomena
Ex: Law of Conservation of Mass/Energy
- mass and energy cannot be created or destroyed,
they only change form
Atomic Theory – the explanation that all matter is made of atoms,
which are indivisible and distinct particles
Ch2 HW#3

25. Ch2 HW #3
10. Later you will learn that matter is neither created or destroyed.
Is this statement a theory or law?
11. Web search “dark matter”. Classify dark matter as a hypothesis,
a theory, or a law.
12. Web search “black holes”. Classify black holes as a hypothesis,