1. Two Forms of Discourse Analysis: “Descriptive” and “Critical”by
Dedy Subandowo, M.A.
English Education Study Program
Muhammadiyah University of Metro

2. WHAT IS DISCOURSE ANALYSIS?
Discourse analysis is the study of language-in-use.
There are many different approaches to discourse analysis.

3. LANGUAGE DISCOURSE “content” of the language being used.
the themes or issues being discussed in a conversation or;
a newspaper article, for example.
Language structure or grammar ( to make meaning in specific context)

4. Meaning As An Integration
Ways of saying (informing)
Ways of Doing (action)
Being (Identity)

5. Hornworms sure vary a lot in how well they grow. (a)
Hornworm growth exhibits a significant amount of variation (b)

6. A. Hornworms sure vary a lot in how well they grow.
a style of language (called the “vernacular”)
we want to talk as an “everyday person,” not as a specialist of any kind.
This is the identity (being) it expresses.
a way to express an opinion based on one’s own observations (of hornworms in this case).
This is an action (doing). The sentence can be used to do other actions as well, such as show surprise or entice someone to grow hornworms.
The sentence is about hornworms, which are cute green caterpillars with little yellow horns. This is a part of what the sentence says (informing).

7. B. Hornworm growth exhibits a significant amount of variation
a specialist style of language. one we would associate with biology and biologists. Expresses one’s identity (being) as being such a specialist.
It is not just expressing an opinion based on one’s observations, but a claim based on statistical tests of “significance” that are “owned” and “operated” by the discipline of biology (action).
The sentence is not about hornworms, but “hornworm growth”. (informing)

8. Language Structure
In sentence A, the subject of the sentence—which names the “topic” of the sentence—is the noun “hornworms.”
in sentence B, the subject is the noun phrase “hornworm growth.” “Hornworm growth” is a noun phrase that expresses a whole sentence’s worth of information (“Hornworms grow”) and is a much more complex structure than the simple noun “hornworms.”

9. COMPARISON VARY (THE PROCESS) NOT SPECIALIST GROW HORNWORM (GENERAL)
SENTENCE A
SENTENCE B
VARY (THE PROCESS)
NOT SPECIALIST
GROW
HORNWORM (GENERAL)
VERNACULAR LANGUAGE (DAILY BASIS LANGUAGE)
SIGNIFICANT AMOUNT OF VARIATION (STATISTICALLY COUNTED ABSTRACT NOUN)
HORNWORM GROWTH (SPECIFIC)
SPECIALIST
ACADEMIC LANGUAGE

10. WHY LANGUAGE STRUCTURE DOES THIS APPROACH?
THE POSSIBILY OF EXPLAINING IN A VERY DETAILS OF WAYS TO SAY THINGS IN DIFFERENT WAYS (INFORMING), AMOUNT OF DOING (ACTION), BEING (IDENITY) IS CALLED
‘DESCRIPTIVE’
DESCRIBE LANGUAGE WORKS TO UNDERSTAND
GAIN DEEP EXPLANATION FOR WHY THEY WORK THAT WAY
ANSWER THE QUESTION BY SAYING WHAT THE GOAL IS

11. ANOTHER APPROACH TO DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
CRITICAL OR CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS WILL ANSWER THE QUESTION DIFFERENTLY
NOT ONLY TO EXPLAIN THE LANGUAGE WORKS IN DEEP DESCRIPTION BUT ALSO :
TO SPEAK TO, INTERVERVENE IN
SOCIAL OR POLITICAL ISSUES
PROBLEMS
CONTROVERSIES IN THE WORLD
APPLY THE WORK IN SOME FASHION

12. KEY POINTS
PEOPLE WHO TAKE DESCRIPTIVE WILL THINK THAT CRITICAL APPROACH IS UNSCIENTIFIC BECAUSE IT IS CONTROLLED BY HIS OR HER INTEREST OR PASSION FOR INTERVENING IN SOME PROBLEM IN THE WORLD
PEOPLE WHO TAKE CRITICAL WILL THINK THAT THEY ARE AS AN EVASION OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL RESPONSIBILITY

13. LANGUAGE BEYONDS GENERAL POINT
KEY WAY TO BREAK OUR WORLD
INSITUTION
OUR RELATIONSHIP
DEALING WITH SOCIAL GOODS
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS TO ILLUMINATE PROBLEMS AND CONTROVERSIES IN THE WORLD