1. Ethnic Profiling: Afrophobia, IDPAD, and the 2030 Agenda
© H. B. Adediran Olaiya, M.A. | University of the West of England ©
DEFINITION:
BLACK EMANCIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH
WHAT DO YOU SEE ?
Ethnic profiling refers specifically to law enforcement practices, including those of the police, intelligence officials, border guards, immigration and customs authorities.
African Centred Research: Theoretical knowledge Critical Race Theory: Research Knowledge Participatory Research: Practice Action Research: Policy
RESEARCH PROBLEM
RESEARCH METHODS
DESK RESEARCH
empirical or evidence based research - academic texts and human rights journals.
normative research - data collection and analysis of: international human rights norms, treaties and directives: regional, national and local anti- discrimination policies.
organizational reports of human rights bodies and civil society
micro-level qualitative blogs and quantitative demographic surveys
FIELD RESEARCH
Qualitative Interviews
Narratives
Observation
DESIRED OUTCOMES:
advocacy of IDPAD and its thematic objectives of recognition, justice and development.
disaggregated equality data collection and analysis for monitoring purposes.
Community participation in policy development to achieve social justice & equality
a regional framework of national policies to address Afrophobia in the European Union.
People of African descent are adversely affected by ethnic profiling: disproportionately high numbers experience Stop and Search (SAS) and detention by law enforcement and border controls; and structural discrimination in access to justice.
PROJECT OVERVIEW
My research study critically assesses and evaluates achievement of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. E.g. SDG 10 asserts reduction of inequality within and between countries. However recognition of the International Decade for people of African descent proclaimed by UN General Assembly Resolution 68/237 remains minimal in the EU. My research identifies gaps between theory and practice of universal human rights, for policy formulation to reduce Afrophobia and empower people of African descent.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Collaborations for local, national and regional policy development, to reduce ethnic profiling and radicalization of African diaspora youth.
Monitoring recruitment of law enforcement and border controls ; e.g Vision in UK
DATA / OBSERVATIONS
Ethnic profiling of people of African descent:
stereotypes us as criminals & terrorists.
contributes to our disproportionate detention in various EU member states including France, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, Sweden and the UK. Black people made up 10% of the UK prison population, but only 3% of the overall population in 2014.
inhibits social cohesion: arbitrary, publicly humiliating police controls, “ make life impossible for (…) anyone who is too black (...) too tan, too young, too poor” (ENAR: 2015).
local interventions include community engagement. E.g. Avon and Somerset Constabulary consult with civil society representing Bristol’s ethnic minorities on SAS, use of police body cameras and reducing hate crime.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CERD (2016)Concluding observations on the twenty-first to twenty-third periodic reports of United Kingdom. United Nations
Eurocities (2016) City responses on preventing radicalisation and violent extremism. Social inclusion as a tool ? European Commission
Nwabuzo, O. (2015) Afrophobia in Europe: ENAR Shadow Report ENAR
OHCHR (2015) International Decade for people of African descent. : UNDPI
Open Society Foundations (2013) Ethnic Profiling : What it is and why it must end. what-it-and-why-it-must-end
Runnymede Trust (2016) UK NGOs Alternative Report: Submission to the UN Committee of the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 21st to 23rd Periodic Reports. Runnymede Trust
HYPOTHESIS
Policy formulation is imperative to reduce Afrophobia, which marginalizes & excludes people of African descent, from fulfilling universal human rights.