1. AP EURO Unit #3 – Scientific Revolution and the Era of the Enlightenment Lessons #305, 306 RUAL INDUSTRY BUILDING A GLOBAL ECONOMY

2. Columbian Exchange

3. Mercantilism Create a favorable trade balance
Increase stock of bullion (gold and silver)
NAVAGATION ACTS – colonies created for the wealth of the motherland

4. Mercantilism – What are the key points?
What gets sent to the “mother country”?
What’s the commodity in high demand”?
In the end, what’s the goal, when dealing with other nations?
What does the “mother country” want from the colonies?
What would they send to colonies?
England, France, Spain, United Provinces, Portugal
The Americas, Africa, India, Asia
What would they want from the colonies?

5. Triangle Trade Using this diagram, describe the TRIANGLE TRADE
Who wins out?
Who loses biggest?
Why do you think Europeans could justify this practice?

6. Mercantilism - Triangular Trade
According to this image, what was the ultimate goal (purpose) of the Triangle Trade?
According to this diagram, what was the cost to Europeans?

7. Atlantic Slave Trade What region go the most African slaves?
How did the US compare to other areas? Describe.

8. Atlantic Slave Trade
According to THIS map, what region most benefitted from the Slave Trade?

10. Cottage Industry Work done in cottages during “down” time
Usually a one-room home
Organized by the “putting out” system
Merchants “put out” raw materials
Paid peasants for their part of finished product
Merchants HATED the lack of control
Start of textiles industry
Flying Shuttle – JOHN JAY
Made weaving faster

12. Wars of the 18th Century War of Spanish Succession
Spain and France – big losers
18th century warfare seen as “good” and limited
War of Jenkins Ear (1739)
British smugglers in Spanish “Main”
Capt. Robert Jenkins – ear in a jar – 8 years
Parliament declared war; British dominant
War of Austrian Succession
Aggression of Prussia
Weakness of Austria and of France
Seven Years War

13. Seven Years War English undisputed leader in colonies &continent
Treaty of Paris (1763)
France lost most of American colonies to British
Start of conflict between British government and British colonies

14. Colonial Trade of the 18th century
British becoming enormously rich
Mercantilism
Joint stock companies – English East Indian Company (to compete with Dutch East Indian Company)
Encouraged colonies

15. Now… Segway to British royalty

16. English monarchs of the 18th century
Queen Anne ( )
Took over at age 37 – seen as fat and always pregnant
17 pregnancies to Prince George of Denmark
Only Prince William lived to age 11 (in 1700)
Crisis with the Throne
Act of Settlement (1701)
If Anne had no kids, power would pass to Hanoverian Elector

17. English monarchs of the 18th century
Act of Settlement (1701)
If Anne had no kids, power would pass to Hanoverian Elector
George I – cousin to Anne and great grandson to James I
George was 54 – spoke very little English
Married first cousin – had one son
George I

18. Hanoverian British kings
George I – not real English
George II – sorta English
King’s College (Columbia)
Georgia and Georgian calendar
Hated his dad
George III
Born in England (grandson to George II)
Favored Tories – Whigs called him a tyrant
Looked for ways to recover $$ from Seven Years War without raising taxes
3m to end (9m) –English kings

19. New English democracy Political factions
Tories – peace with France
Favored a strong monarchy
Favored land owning rich
Favored James, not George
Whigs – anti-French
Favored a strong Parliament
Favored urban commercial interests
Favored George I
Robert Walpole – first PRIME MINISTER
Saved English from South Sea Bubble
Given power to rule by George I and II

20. THE ACT OF UNION Act of Union (1707)
Joined Scotland with England and Wales
United Kingdom of Great Britain
2m – How Scotland became English
5m – Explanation of Britain

21. Parliament in 18th Century
House of Lords
Permanent seats
House of Commons
Elected (sometimes chosen)
Did not answer to constituents
They represented “interests”
Often “bought off” by wealthy
Fair tax structure
Finances secure
Freedom of speech and press
Lots of public debate
No large standing army