1. The Circulatory System

2. Circulatory system What is the function of the circulatory system?
It carries oxygen, food and wastes through blood vessels in our body
It follows 2 pathways to accomplish this:

3. Two Pathways 1. Pulmonary Circulation 2. Systemic Circulation
A type of circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to lungs and then back to the heart
2. Systemic Circulation
A type of circulation that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to body and then back to the heart

4. Circulatory System Consists of…
Blood Vessels
Blood
Heart

5. BLOOD VESSELS

6. There are 3 types of blood vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

7. Arteries: carries blood Away from heart
Arteries are vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
They have thick muscular walls
They expand and contract as blood is pumped through them in pulses
The Aorta is the LARGEST artery in the body

8. Arterioles: small branch of an artery that carries oxygenated blood from the artery to the capillary

10. Capillaries Smallest vessel; microscopic
Walls of the capillaries are one cell thick
They are close to every body cell
Dissolved nutrients, wastes and oxygen are exchanged between the blood and the intercellular fluid of these capillary walls

12. Veins: Carries blood[toward the heart] that contains waste and CO2
Veins have Valves to prevent much gravity pull[backward flow]
They have thin walls and no elasticity

13. BLOOD

14. Blood is liquid connective tissue
Blood transports oxygen & nutrients to the cells of the body
8% of your body weight is due to blood
Blood consist of 

15. Plasma Plasma is the yellow serum liquid portion of your blood
It consist of water and other substances
It transports hormones, nutrients and wastes
There are 4 proteins found in plasma

16. The 4 proteins found in plasma are:
1. albumin: helps thicken the blood
2. antibodies: fights infections and protects you from illness
3. fibrinogen: aids in clotting
4. prothrobin: aids in clotting

17. Erythrocytes (RBC) Transporters of Oxygen Carbon Dioxide
Has a red pigment called hemoglobin
Hemoglobin carries oxygen

18. Leukocytes (WBC) WBC fight infection and repairs injury
Attack foreign substances
There are several types of white blood cells:

19. WBC Neutrophils fight bacterial infections
Eosinophils fight allergic reactions
Basophils release histamine to respond to a suspected infection

20. Lymphocytes helps fight viral infections and produces antibodies
Monocytes helps fight viral infections
Phagocytes engulfs foreign matters, destroys it and removes it from the body

21. Platelets
PLATELETS are for CLOTTING blood

22. Blood Clotting Break in Capillary Wall Blood vessels injured.
Clumping of Platelets
Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin..
Clot Forms
Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood..

24. HEART

25. characteristics of the heart
Located between the lungs
Protected by your rib cage
It’s the size of your fist

26. It’s made up of cardiac muscle tissue
It weighs 11 oz.
It has 4 chambers and 4 valves

27. The function of the heart is to pump and circulate blood
It beats about beats per minute when you’re at rest

28. Blood Flow Through the Heart
©COPY 1997 HeartPoint

31. Blood’s Path Through the Heart
1. Vena Cava
2.Right atrium
3.tricuspid valve

32. 4. right ventricle{deoxygenated blood}
5. pulmonary valve open/closes
6. pulmonary artery

33. Blood’s Path Through the Heart (cont)
7. Lungs{gas exchange the blood gets oxygen, the lungs gets carbon dioxide}
8.oxygenated blood enters back in through the pulmonary vein
9. left atrium

34. 10. mitral valve opens/close
11. left ventricle
12. aortic valve opens/close

35. 13. aorta [oxygenated blood]
14. Back to the body [gas exchange the blood gets carbon dioxide and the cells get oxygen]

36. 15. travels through veins, enters into the vena cava
16. And then it starts ALL over again starting in the ________________

37. The human heart is separated into left and right sides to separate oxygenated blood from deoxygenated blood
Each time blood travels from one chamber to the next, it goes through a __________

38. Heartbeat Regulation
The force of blood from left ventricle into arteries is called a pulse
There are 9 pulse points in the body

39. Pulse points 1. superficial temporal artery
2. common carotid artery neck
3. facial artery corners of the mouth

40. 4. axillary artery armpit
5. radial artery wrist
6. brachial artery in front of the elbow

41. 7. femoral artery groin
8. popliteal artery behind the knee
9. dorsalis pedas artery top of the foot

42. What is a pacemaker?
an electrical signal that spreads outward from a spot in the wall of the right atrium to the rest of the heart
it begins each heart beat

43. The pacemaker is also called the sinus node

45. What is an EKG?
a record of electrical changes in the heart

47. Blood Pressure Blood against the blood vessel’s walls
The systolic pressure refers to
the pressure recorded while the ventricles pump the blood.
The diastolic pressure refers to
the pressure recorded as the ventricles fill with blood.
A normal blood pressure is 120/80

48. DISORDERS[these are NOT in order]
Cardiovascular disease: a disease that affects the heart or blood vessels
Cardiovascular disease is caused by consuming large amounts of saturated fats

49. ATHEROSCLEROSIS
-Fatty deposits called plaque builds up in walls of arteries
This condition obstructs the flow of blood

50. Hypertension
High blood pressure

51. Heart Attack: damage to the heart muscles caused by a reduced or blocked supply of blood

52. Stroke Blood clot gets stuck in blood vessels leading to brain
Brain cells die due to lack of oxygen

53. Angina pectoris: chest pain that results when the heart does not get enough oxygen
Arrhythmias: irregular heart beat

54. Anemia: an insufficient amount of hemoglobin ; low iron
Leukemia: a disease in the bone marrow characterized by uncontrolled production of non functional white blood cells

55. Current PREVENTION Recommendations
Regular exercise
Weight control
Well balanced diet
Do not smoke
Diet low in saturated fat

56. Blood Types: The 4 blood types are:

57. There are marker molecules attached to red blood cells
These markers determine your blood type
Your blood type is inherited from your parents
Type O universal donor
Type AB universal recipient

58. Rh Factor
Rhesus factor (Rh), also inherited: determines if your blood type is Rh+ or Rh–

59. WHEW! THAT WAS WAAAAAAAAAAAY TOO MANY NOTES!!!!!!!!!!