1. Watson, Medicine, Health, and IU Grand Challenges Dr. Craig A
Watson, Medicine, Health, and IU Grand Challenges Dr. Craig A. Stewart Executive Director, Indiana University Pervasive Technology Institute & Associate Dean, Research Technologies 14 September 2016

2. Please cite as
Stewart, C.A. (2016). Watson, Medicine, Health, and IU Grand Challenges. Presented at Cook Group, Bloomington, IN. Retrieved from ###___
License terms for Stewart’s slides: cc by
License terms for slides from other sources have license information indicated

3. Outline Chess – where this all began Watson and Jeopardy
Watson medical applications
IU’s Grand Challenge project: Precision Health Initiative
And a few thoughts about the future….

4. The origin of Watson was in Deep Blue
1996 – Kasparov wins
1997 – Deep Blue wins
Deep Blue could evaluate 200 million positions per second
By Copyright 2007, S.M.S.I., Inc. - Owen Williams,
The Kasparov Agency. -
CC BY-SA 3.0,

5. Amazing and it changed the game of chess but….
Used special purpose hardware
Very much a “closed form” problem and a ”closed form” solution
Approach was based on automating rules humans understood

6. Watson Named after Thomas J. Watson Sr., CEO of IBM from 1914-1956
Originally designed to play Jeopardy
Watson beat two former winners in 2011 (and beat them handily)
Had most difficulty with questions with short answers and odd clues. In category ‘US Cities’ for example: "Its largest airport is named for a World War II hero, its second largest for a World War II battle."
Had processed 200 million pages of data

8. How Watson evaluates data

9. AI: Artificial Intelligence or Assisted Intelligence?
Natural Language Processing: Attempts to convert human language into logical statements (and probabilities) that computers can manipulate
Machine learning – one current approach based on statistical inference
IBM – DeepQA (Question Answering)
Massive parallelism
Many experts
Pervasive confidence estimation
Integrate shallow and deep knowledge
This is VERY different than the Deep Blue approach

10. IBM’s new concept – cognitive health care
What is Watson now: “IBM Watson is a technology platform that uses natural language processing and machine learning to reveal insights from large amounts of unstructured data”
Key issue: the use of the tool and the hardware are being separated from each other
IBM assertion: less than 50% of medical decisions meet evidence-based medicine standards

11. Early implementations in medicine
Oncology partnership with MSK Watson (Memorial Sloan Kettering)
Distills tremendous amounts of information down to a specific set of treatments
MSK is training it like they would train an intern
Watson Health Medical Imaging Collaborative
Focused on interpretation of radiology images
Examples
score a coronary angiogram
Eye health

12. Early projects in health
Population health management
Data management
Risk management
Care management
Helped reduce costs at two ACOs by > $6M

13. “Jeopardy of a different sort - What is trastuzumab?”

14. “Jeopardy of a different sort - What is trastuzumab?”
One possible treatment for breast cancer that is positive for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)

15. The critical benefits
For medical care providers technology based on Watson
Expands expertise
Transports expertise
Improves access to expertise (now cloud based)
For medical industry producers Watson could
Make it easier to inform practitioners about when and how to use a product that they might otherwise not be familiar with
For patients
Better information often leads to better engagement and better outcomes

16. Switching gears - IU Grand Challenges
Grand Challenges are defined in the Bicentennial Strategic Plan as “major and large-scale problems” facing humanity that can “only be addressed by multidisciplinary teams of the best researchers.”
Very definitely a change in philosophy for IU research

17. Precision Health Initiative
Indiana University School of Medicine and its partner IU schools, along with external corporate participants, propose a bold plan within their Precision Health Initiative (PHI) grand challenge. The goal of the PHI grand challenge is to position IU among the leading universities in understanding and optimizing the prevention, onset, treatment, progression and health outcomes of human diseases through a more precise definition of the genetic, developmental, behavioral and environmental factors that contribute to an individual’s health.

18. Person-based health

19. Precision genomics impact on Progression Free survival

20. Structure Genomic Medicine Cell, Gene and Immune Therapy
Chemical Biology and Biotherapeutics
Data and Informatics Sciences
Psychosocial, Behavioral and Ethics

21. Pervasive Technology Institute involvement (1)
Continue to run the workflows we understand on our new supercomputer

22. Pervasive Technology Institute involvement (2)
Work with the School of Medicine and the School of Informatics and Computing to develop new approaches to data analytics and high performance computing
Develop new open source tools for analysis of data

23. Cook® Medical Involvement
Cook Regentec is one of the partners in this Grand Challenge project
Cook Regentec is partnering cGMP facility and will be our partner to commercialize any therapies we develop in the Cell, Gene therapy cluster. (Rob Lyles is on the advisory board for PHI)

24. We are at the front end of a national transition

25. Thanks to the partner institutions who are making Jetstream possible!

26. Jetstream is supported by: NSF award 1445604
Acknowledgments
Jetstream is supported by:
NSF award
Indiana University Pervasive Technology Institute
Thanks to everyone in the Research Technologies Division of UITS and the Pervasive Technology Institute
For more information about the Indiana University Pervasive Technology Institute in general see pti.iu.edu
For more information on Jetstream see jetstream-cloud.org

27. Thank you for your attention
Questions?