1. Membrane Structure – Terms (p. 5-6)
Phospholipid
Phosphate group
Fatty acid chains (saturated / unsat)
Bilayer
Hydrophilic / phobic
Cholesterol
Transmembrane / integral proteins
Peripheral proteins
Fluid mosaic model

2. Polar / nonpolar > bilayer Non-polar core > barrier
Membrane Structure – Ideas
Polar / nonpolar > bilayer
Non-polar core > barrier
Sat / unsat > stable and flexible
Cholesterol = strength

3. Selectively permeable Size, polarity and charge Channel proteins
Barrier and Gatekeeper – Terms (p. 8)
Selectively permeable
Size, polarity and charge
Channel proteins
Carrier proteins
Protein pumps

4. Barrier and Gatekeeper – Ideas
Barrier > homeostasis
Gatekeeper > exchange materials
Water
Oxygen / carbon dioxide
Ions
Sugars / amino acids
difference: channels, carriers and pumps

5. Diffusion (net movement) Dynamic equilibrium Gradient
Diffusion – Terms (p. 9)
Brownian motion
Concentration
Diffusion (net movement)
Dynamic equilibrium
Gradient
Passive transport

6. Gradient causes diffusion Spreading out – no energy
Diffusion – Ideas
Gradient causes diffusion
Spreading out – no energy
Types of molecules / examples
Analysis – dialysis tubing, indicators

7. Isotonic / hypertonic / hypotonic
Osmosis – Terms (p )
Aquaporin channels
Osmosis
Solute concentration
Isotonic / hypertonic / hypotonic
Lyse, crenate, turgid (turgor pressure), flaccid, plasmolyzed

8. Water moves with difficulty Vs. diffusion
Osmosis – Ideas
Water moves with difficulty
Vs. diffusion
How cells control osmosis (2 ways)
Adaptations
Analysis – what will move where?

9. Channel vs channel proteins Stretch, electrical, chemical gates Ligand
Facilitated Diffusion – Terms (p )
Facilitate
Channel vs channel proteins
Stretch, electrical, chemical gates
Ligand

10. Types of molecules / examples What moves through channels / carriers
Facilitated Diffusion – Ideas
Types of molecules / examples
What moves through channels / carriers
Channel specificity

11. Active Transport – Terms (p. 15)
Against gradient
Primary and secondary
Single / double pump
ATP hydrolysis
Ion gradient – potential energy
Cotransport / symport
Exchange / antiport

12. Primary active transport – single vs double pump
Active Transport – Ideas
Primary active transport – single vs double pump
Secondary active transport – reliance on primary, different types
Proteins – pumps and channels

13. Endocytosis / Exocytosis (p. 19)
Types of materials transported
Difference (in vs out)
Vesicles
Examples of when each used

14. Other Proteins
Markers – identify / recognition, glycoproteins, antigens
Adhesion – adhesins, tissue formation, actin-binding (cytoskel)
Receptors – integral + cytoplasm and nucleus, receive signals, ligand, biochemical pathway (signal transduction)
Enzymes – biochemical pathway, intracellular signaling, photo / resp