1. Genetics vocabulary

2. Traits are determined by the genes on the chromosomes
. Traits are determined by the genes on the chromosomes. A gene is a segment of DNA that determines a trait.

3. What is a chromosome? Found in the nucleus Contains the genetic
information- DNA
23 chromosomes
come
From the father and
23 from the mother

4. What is a gene? Piece of DNA found On a chromosome That determines
The inheritance of
A particular trait

5. Review----What is a trait?
Inherited from our parents
To offspring (children)
Examples:
Eye color
Hair color
Tongue rolling

6. What is an allele? Two different forms of a trait that a gene may have
Usually
indicated by
An upper case
Letter and
A lower case
letter T or t

7. I know what you are thinking now!!
If one chromosome comes from the mother and one from the father, how can we use only 1 letter for each trait (allele)?
Glad you asked!!!

8. Genes are labeled using 2 letters. They are either:
Heterozygous or Hybrid
An organism with 2 different alleles for a trait
Tt or Gg
Homozygous
An organism with 2 alleles that are the same
TT or tt

9. Is there a difference between what the genes say and what you see?
Yes, what is that difference?
Genotype- the set of genes carried by an organism
Examples are TT , GG, Tt, gg, Gg, tt
Phenotype- what the organism looks like
Examples are Green, Tall, Short, Wrinkled

10. There are 2 types of traits
I bet that you are dying to know why some letters are capitalized and some are not ?
There are 2 types of traits
Recessive
A trait that is covered up by the dominant trait. You would only see this trait if both parents have the same allele
Indicated by using lower case letters.
tt or gg
Dominant
A trait that “covers
up” the other form of the
trait. This is the trait that you see.
Indicated by using
CAPITAL LETTERS
T or G

11. So far, we have looked at traits such as eye and hair color?
How can genetics (the study of heredity) be used to improve lives?
In what ways can be genetics be used that is negative to society?
What are ethics?

12. How can we predict the results of Mendelian genetics?
We can use a tool called the
PUNNET T SQUARE.