1. Ch. 2.1 – Rise of the Roman empire
EQ’s:
How did the Roman Republic AND it’s government work?
Why did the Roman Republic fall AND how and why did it become an empire?

2. Q1: How did Rome begin?

3. ROMVLVS
Legendary Founder
Humble Beginnings

4. Remember Romulus and Remus?
Q1-2: How did Rome Begin?
Rome began as a settlement near center of what is now Italy
Grew thanks to good environment for farming
Nearby Tiber River gave Romans busy and prosperous trade network throughout Italy
Remember Romulus and Remus?

5. Q3: What happened as Rome grew?

6. Q3-5: What happened as Rome grew?
Rome became a kingdom around 800 BC
Last king to rule was Tarquin the Proud around 500 BC
Tarquin was a bad king, not liked by people of Rome
We hate
King Tarquin!

7. purges
Tarquin had his relatives and important senators killed so that they would not be a threat to him.
Photo by ~Brenda-Starr~

8. Don’t mess with Tarquin!
Tarquin arrives late for a meeting… Someone complains… …and dies!

9. Q5-6: What brought an end to the Kingdom of Rome?
Romans rose up and drove King Tarquin from power
Romans refused to live under rule of a king again
Decided to base government on the will of the people

10. Q7-8: What happened to their government?
Roman citizens established a form of government known as a republic
Republic = power rests with citizens who get to vote on who their leaders are
Romans used this form of political system for the next 500 years

11. Yep, that’s right! The Romans had one first…
Republic
Yep, that’s right! The Romans had one first…
Who copied this idea?

12. We Did!!!!!

13. Been there. Done that.
Photo by campra

14. It’s no accident. I totally dig the Romans.
Photo by gamillos

15. Q9: How did the Roman Republic work?

16. Q9: How did the Roman Republic work?
Power rests with citizens
Wealthy/nobles wielded great influence
Women had few rights
All free-born males had right to vote
Tried to create laws that protected basic liberties (freedoms)

17. Q10: How did a Republic limit power?

18. Q10-11: How did a Republic limit power?
Head of government = 2 leaders, called consuls
Consuls could only rule for 1 year
Roman lawmaking body, called the Senate, acted as check to Roman Republic leaders (the consuls’) power

19. Q12-14 What happened to the Republic of Rome?
Romans prided themselves on a powerful and well organized army
Land holdings increased as armies expanded Roman territory
As Republic grew larger became harder to maintain order
Tensions arose between the different classes in Roman society
Eventually Rome fell into civil war

20. A REPUBLIC Is the best!!
…if you can keep it.

21. The Romans Didn’t keep theirs.
Photo Credit: Benson Kua

22. Political Violence

23. Political Violence
The Roman Republic would be undermined by several civil wars in a 60 year period.

24. We’ve only had ONE CIVIL WAR
IN OVER 230 YEARS….Incase you’re keeping track!

25. Q15-16 Who brought order to Rome?
Roman general named Julius Caesar ended civil wars
Named himself sole ruler in 45 BC, bringing an end to the Roman Republic

26. Interesting Fact: The First Military Memoir
Caesar was the first general to write about his own military campaign.

27. Interesting Fact: Caesar in Egypt
Cleopatra
Queen of Egypt
was Caesar’s Mistress
(She later married Mark Antony – a famous Roman General)
Jean-Léon Gérôme Cleopatra and Julius Caesar

28. Caesar and Marcus were very close. Caesar viewed him like a son.
Marcus Junius Brutus
Caesar and Marcus were very close. Caesar viewed him like a son.
BRVTVS

29. Marcus Junius Brutus BRVTVS
Little did Caesar know that Brutus was a leader in a plot to execute Caesar as a tyrant.
BRVTVS
Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.

30. BEWARE the Ides of March.
3/15/44 B.C.
Julius Caesar was stabbed to death on the Ides of March (March 15) 44 BC by a group of 60 Roman Senators and Politicians on the floor of the Roman Senate. Among the head leaders of the conspiracy was Marcus Junius Brutus. Politicians feared that Caesar would destroy the Republic by becoming Dictator for life.

31. Why, Marcus, why?
Morte di Giulio Cesare (Death of Caesar) by Vincenzo Camuccini

32. Q17-18: How Rome became an empire
The civil wars and rise of a powerful ruler helped to end Republic of Rome, and turned Rome into an Empire
Julius Caesar’s adopted son, Octavian, became 1st emperor of Rome, taking the name Augustus
Augustus was a brilliant and careful leader
Rome able to build powerful empire because they created a strong government and established peace and prosperity

33. PAX ROMANA Roman Peace (27 B.C. – 180 A.D.) Photo Credit:
Till Niermann
(cc 2.5)

34. Map of Roman Empire

35. By 100 AD Rome reached
its largest size. It ruled
over 2 million square miles
and over 100 million people.

36. PERIODS OF ROMAN HISTORY
Monarchy
B.C.
Republic
B.C.
Empire
27 B.C. – 476 A.D.

37. Q19-21: Why was Christianity seen as a threat?

38. Q19-21: Why was Christianity seen as a threat?
At height of Rome’s power a new religion, Christianity, was spreading
Roman leaders considered Jesus and his teachings a threat to their authority and power
Jesus preached allegiance to God before anyone else (even Roman emperor)
Christians refused to worship Roman Gods
Eventually Roman authorities arrested Jesus and put him to death because they were afraid of his growing influence and following among the Roman people

39. Today: World Religions
1/3
Of humanity practice Christianity

40. Lesson Review
Early Rome grew from a small village to a thriving republic on the Italian peninsula
Romans eventually build a large empire that spread their culture to many lands
During the Roman Empire, a powerful new religion known as Christianity emerged

41. Summary
Create a summary using 10 sentences minimum to answer the EQ’s using detail!
PROVE why your reasons, thoughts, and opinions are correct!
Remember the EQ’s were:
1. How did the Roman Republic AND it’s government work?
2. Why did the Roman Republic fall AND how and why did it become an empire?

42. Lesson review Questions

43. How did rome begin?
Rome began as a settlement on a series of hills along the Tiber River in what is now the center of Italy

44. What brought an end to the kingdom of rome?
The Roman people overthrew their king, Tarquin the Proud, for ruling too harshly

45. Why did Rome change from a Republic to an empire?
As Rome became larger and more populated it became more difficult to govern under a republic and Rome fell into civil war and powerful rulers, 1st Julius Caesar, then his son Augustus became strong leaders and helped turn Rome into an Empire

46. How did Rome build such a powerful empire?
The Romans created a strong government with Augustus as the emperor, a Senate, and a powerful army all of which helped to established peace and prosperity within the Empire (known as Pax Romana)

47. How did Christianity grow so powerful?
Jesus grew a large following of Romans who wanted to practice Christianity because its messages about love and the kingdom of Heaven and belief in one God appealed to many people more than the old Roman religion that believed in several gods