1. Biostability Material response towards the body Chemical degradation
Mechanical property degradation

2. Biodurability
The aim is that the useful duration of the prosthesis exceeds the life expectancy of the patient.
IN PRACTICE, THIS
RARELY HAPPENS

3. In practice
Design to meet the need for which the organ had to be replaced.
This requires a collaboration between the physician (who knows the needs) and the scientist/engineer (who knows materials science and biology).

4. Knee ligament

5. Knee ligament Primary objective Improvements
To restore appropriate function of the knee joint.
Improvements
Wear
Lack of regeneration
The targeted customers

6. Knee ligament

7. Cardiac valves

8. Cardiac valves Primary objective Improvements
To regulate blood exit out of the heart.
Improvements
Compromise between cardiac valve hemocompatibility, its expected duration and patient’s life expectancy.

9. Cardiovascular system repair

10. (cellules endothéliales) (cellules musculaires)
Artère
Veine
Intima
(cellules endothéliales)
Élastine
Média
(cellules musculaires)
Adventice
(tissu conjonctif
fibreux)
Valvules
Limitante élastique
interne (élastine)
externe (élastine)

11. Endovascular prostheses

12. Endovascular prostheses

13. Endovascular prostheses
Primary objectives
Recovery of the diameter of arteries after stenosis or aneurism
Decrease in hospitalization costs
Improvements
Hemocompatibility
Mettallic ion leaching
Mechanical property loss

14. Prosthesis selection depends on pathology

15. Synthetic arterial prostheses
Primary objective
To reestablish blood flow in one direction
Improvements
Hemocompatibility
Healing
Blood flow through the prothesis wall
Biological molecule adsorption

16. Synthetic arterial prostheses

17. Structure de l’artère

18. 15µm Biodegradable scaffolds Dacron (PET) >6mm
Materials Science and Engineering C, in press
Macromolecular Rapid Communication DOI /marc
Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2012; 97:
J. Biomed. Mater. Res.-Appl. Biomater., 2010, 93B,
Acta Biomaterialia, 2009, 5,

19. Cell-Material interaction
BAECs on textile (60X)
Cell nuclei stained in blue with DAPI
Actin filaments stained in red with rhodamin-phalloidin