1. The Human Respiratory System

2. Purpose
Gas Exchange
The lungs take in oxygen and let out Carbon Dioxide
Gas Exchange takes place between the lungs and capillaries

3. Important Parts The Respiratory system consists Nose (Mouth) Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
(Bronchial tubes/Bronchioles)
(Alveoli)

4. Nose/Mouth
Nose
Mouth

5. Nose/Mouth Air moves from the nose to mouth and throat
This is a passageway for both air and food
As the air is taken in it is warmed up before traveling through the rest of the system

6. Pharynx and Larynx
Nose
Mouth
Pharynx
Larynx

7. Pharynx and Larynx
After the air is warmed its moves from the throat to the pharynx
The air than travels into the larynx

9. Larynx
The vocal cords are two highly elastic folds of tissue in the larynx
Muscles pull together
Air causes the cords to vibrate and sound comes out

10. Laryngectomy

11. Trachea
Nose
Mouth
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea

12. Trachea
A flap of tissue called the epiglottis covers the entrance to the trachea when you swallow
Held open by horseshoe shaped rings of cartilage.
The Trachea branches off into two large passageways called the bronchi
Each leads to a lung on each side of the chest

13. Tracheotomy

14. Bronchi
Nose
Mouth
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
R. Bronchus
L. Bronchus

15. Bronchi
In each lung, the bronchi are divided into small tubes called bronchioles
(***If a piece of food accidentally gets past the epiglottis, it will most likely fall into the right bronchus.***)
The left one has a sharper bend due to the presence of the heart and major blood vessels directly underneath it.

16. Bronchial Tubes/Bronchioles
Nose
Mouth
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
R. Bronchus
L. Bronchus
Bronchioles

17. Alveoli
Alveoli are at the ends of the bronchioles and are tiny air sacs that bunch together like a bunch of grapes
Each alveoli are surrounded by a bunch of capillaries that is the place of gas exchange between the lungs and blood

18. Alveoli Nose Mouth Pharynx Larynx Trachea R. Bronchus L. Bronchus
Bronchioles
Alveoli

19. Alveoli

20. Lung Health
The hairs that line the nasal passageway trap large dust particles
Cells produce a think layer of mucus that traps inhaled particles
Cilia in the lungs sweep trapped particles and mucus away

21. Gas Exchange
Oxygen diffuses in the moisture on the inner surface of the alveoli and then diffuses across the capillaries into the blood
Carbon dioxide in the blood diffuses in the opposite direction
Air in has 21% oxygen, .04 % CO2
Air out has 15% oxygen and 4% CO2

23. Breathing Lungs have no muscles attached to them
A large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity is called the diaphragm controls the process

24. Diaphragm Nose Mouth Pharynx Larynx Trachea R. Bronchus L. Bronchus
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Diaphragm

25. Breathing
When you inhale the diaphragm contracts and expands the volume of the chest cavity
This creates a vacuum and the lungs are forced to expand pulling in air
Breathing is controlled by the amount of CO2 in the blood, not O2

26. Breathing

27. Diseases
Emphysema is caused by loss of elasticity of the lungs-hard to breathe
Bronchitis is the bronchi being swollen and clogged with mucus
Lung Cancer is particular deadly because it spreads to other locations

30. Other diseases Pneumonia: alveoli become filled with fluid
Tuberculosis: bacterial infection of lungs that can cause a hole in the lungs

31. The Respiratory System
Nose
Mouth
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
R. Bronchus
L. Bronchus
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Diaphragm