1. Good News – Bad News

2. Digestive System – a.k.a. Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract

3. Propelling and Mixing by Peristalsis
Videos:
3D Animation (silent)
Sm. I. (see through)
Inside stomach

4. Additions…
Mouth
amylase
Esophagus
Stomach
Pepsin
HCl
Mucus
Instrinsic factor
Small Intestine (Sm. I.)
Bile from liver
Enzymes from pancreas
Amylases
Proteases
Lipases
Large Intestine (Lg. I.)

5. Gastric Secretions (4):
HCl acid
Pepsinogen
Mucus
Intrinsic factor
H. pylori
Stomach
Ulcer
Video:
Endoscopy
reveals ulcer

6. Sphincters
Def…
LES – Lower Esophageal Sphincter
Function…
Pyloric Sphincter
There are others.

7. Small Intestine
Villi

8. How Long???
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
30 min-4 hrs.
Small Intestine (Sm. I.)
3-10 hrs
Large Intestine (Lg. I.)
24-72 hrs.
Video: Colonoscopy with polypectomy

9. GERD
Kristen Hebert

10. What is GERD? GERD - Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
When acid from the stomach is allowed to travel backwards into the esophagus
Due to a weak or malfunctioning Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)
This causes irritation and damage to the esophagus

11. Symptoms Frequent heartburn Often worsens after lying down
Bitter taste in the mouth
Vomit Breath
Sore throat
Chest pain
Difficulty swallowing
Feeling of a lump in your throat
Dry cough

12. What often triggers GERD?
Diet Choices: Peppermint, fried or fatty foods, spicy foods, coffee, chocolate and alcohol
Cigarette smoking
Obesity
Pregnancy
Lying down immediately after eating
Conditions such as Hiatal Hernia and delayed stomach emptying

13. Why is it a problem? Esophagitis
Narrowing of the esophagus (Esophageal stricture)
Hoarseness and vocal problems
Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath
Tooth decay
Ulcers in the esophagus
Higher chance of esophageal cancer
Reduced quality of life

14. Ulcers
Stricture
Cancer
Tooth Decay

15. How is it diagnosed? Symptoms Barium Swallow x-ray Endoscopy
pH monitoring

16. If video does not work, click here.

17. How to manage GERD Medications Maintain a healthy weight
Antacids
H2 Blockers
Proton pump inhibitors
Maintain a healthy weight
Eat smaller meals and avoid foods that trigger heartburn
Elevate the head of your bed
Don’t lie down immediately after meals
Avoid smoking
Extreme cases- surgery to improve lower esophageal sphincter

18. Works Cited http://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/
conditions/gerd/basics/definition/con

19. Food allergies (“food hypersensitivity”)
Definition: abnormal response to food triggered by immune system

20. 2 8 7 5 1 4 6 3
Top 8= 90% of reactions Dairy Eggs Peanuts Tree nuts Fish Shell fish Soy Wheat

21. 1/3 people either have a food allergy or modify fam. diet
More likely if in family
Affects 6-8% of children
About 4% adults
Can be life threatening →Anaphylactic shock
Can be outgrown!!

22. If you are allergic to:
Birch pollen
Ragweed pollen
Grasses
Mugwort pollen
You may also have a reaction to:
Apples Carrots Celery Hazelnuts Peaches Pears Raw potatoes
Bananas Melons (cantaloupe, honeydew and watermelon)
Melons (cantaloupe, honeydew and watermelon) Orange Peanut Tomatoes White potato
Apples Bell pepper Carrots Celery Garlic Onion Some spices (caraway seeds, parsley, coriander, anise seeds, fennel seeds)

23. Treatment: -Avoid the food!! -Read your food label/ingredients!
*In Emergencies: Epipens*

24. Sites Used..

25. Lactose Intolerance
Lack of lactase allows lactose to reach large intestine (colon) undigested.
Bacteria “feast” on lactose producing acids and gasses  bloating, cramping, gas, diarrhea, etc.
If you avoid all dairy your diet is likely to be deficient in calcium and possibly vit. D

26. Living with Lactose Intolerance
1) Purchase lactose free dairy products.
2) Make it part of a larger meal.
3) Spread out your dairy intake over several meals.
4) Take lactase tablets 30 minutes prior.
5) Use alternate sources to avoid calcium deficiencies.

27. Alternative sources of calcium
Spinach
canned salmon
sardines with bones
calcium-fortified orange juice,
raw broccoli
canned white tuna
calcium-fortified soy milk
Dark green leafy vegetables
Almonds

28. Lactose Intolerance vs. Milk Allergy
Know the difference

29. Q&A