1. Physical Geography Human Geography
Canada
Physical Geography
Human Geography

2. Landforms
Mountains in the eastern and western edges surround a central area of plains.
The Pacific Ranges in the west were formed through tectonic activity and includes the
Cascade Range and Coast Range
The Appalaichans are North America’s oldest mountain range and extend south through the US.

3. East of the Rockies the land falls and flattens to form
The Great Plains and Interior Lowlands

4. The Canadian Shield, a giant core of rock anchoring the continent makes up the eastern half of Canada and parts of the northeastern US.

5. Water Systems The Mackenzie River Flows from the Great Slave Lake and
Empties into the Arctic
Ocean.
Located in Canada’s Northwest Territory hundreds of kilometers from the nearest population center, the Great Slave Lake is not a popular tourist destination.  It’s the remnant of a huge post-glacial lake that once occupied this part of Canada.  In winter, large tractor trailers drive across the frozen surface on ice roads.

6. St. Lawrence River
Flows from Lake Ontario toward the Atlantic Ocean and forms part of Canada’s border with the US.

7. The Fraser River
Flows southwest to the Pacific just south of Vancouver.

8. Niagra Falls

9. Southern Canada is characterized by different biomes which feature wide variations in
Climate
vegetation

10. Between the Pacific and Rocky Mountain Ranges a rain shadow leads to a
Drier climate.

12. Lack of direct sunlight in the northern region leads to
Subarctic
Tundra
Ice cap climates
And year round freezing temperatures

13. Natural Resources
Energy
Minerals
Timber
Fish
Wealthy nation

14. French explorers came first Early 1600s
Jacques Cartier – St. Lawrence River-- founded Quebec
Named Canada after Kanata the Huron-Iroquois name for village
British came seeking a northwest passage to the Pacific Ocean in 1670.
Henry Hudson– founded Hudson Bay
All were searching for a northwest passage from Europe to Asia– neither were successful

15. British won control of New France in 1763
Passed Quebec Act 1774
Gave French settlers the right to keep their language, religion, and laws.
Extended Canadian territory south to Ohio River, into American colonies.

16. Dominion of Canada Partially self governing country
Close ties to Great Britain
Gained full independence in 1931
British government kept right to approve changes to the constitution until 1982.
1982 became constitutional monarchy.
The Crown, the Senate and the House of Commons
1964 Canadian Flag was adopted

17. French speaking Canadians seek greater protection for their language and culture
Many desire Quebec’s independence and strongly support separatism.

18. French speaking Canadians seek greater protection for their language and culture
Many desire Quebec’s independence and strongly support separatism.

19. Nunavut Separate territory Homeland of the Inuit people
Because of decrease in demand for fur and energy and mining activities
The Inuit rely heavily on government services and help
Food?
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20. Loyalists
American colonists who remained loyal to the British government and fled to Canada after the American Revolution.
They settled in the Maritime Provinces (East Coast)
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Prince Edward Island

21. Population Density
90% of Canadians live within 100 miles of the US-Canadian border.
Densest populated areas are near the coasts, the Great Lakes, and in places that support
Agriculture, fishing, and trade

22. Language
Canada’s official languages are:
French
English

24. The Arts Influenced by native and European cultures
Highly regarded arts scene:
Toronto Symphony Orchestra
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National Ballet Canada
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25. Women and Families Average 3 members of Canadian family
Canada passed several laws protecting women’s rights
The Status of Women in Canada SWC increased women’s participation and equality in all aspects of life
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom ensured gender equality in employment, public life, and education
Woman have same literacy rate as men
Outnumber men in getting secondary and university level educations
Still have barriers in equality in the labor market

26. Economic Activities Free market economy
2nd largest oil reserves in the world, export a lot of oil and natural gas
NAFTA- North American Free Trade Agreement
Trade agreement that links the Canadian economy to the global economy
76% of employed Canadians work in the service sector of the economy, rather than in natural resources and trade

27. Did not suffer as much during the 2008 global recession because Canadian banks were more conservative in giving out mortgages.
Has one of the smallest deficits (debts) in the Western world.