1. Lab2: Smith Chart And Matching
Day 1
Lab2: Smith Chart And Matching

2. Theme Day 1- Background Preparation
Maxwell Equations-Physical Interpretation & Application
Interconnects- Design, Mismatch, & Insertion Losses
GaAs Process- Pseudomorphic HEMTs, Inductors & MIM Capacitors
Process Introduction
Day 2- Power Amplifier, MMIC Design Example
DC Characterization- Biasing Decoupling, Biasing Techniques, Thermal Stability
Small Signal Characterization- Matching & Stability
Large Signal Characterization- Single Tone Analysis, Matching across Power
Load Pull
Day 3- Design Refining, Layout & Design Post Processing
Modulated Signal- QAM16 Input, Ptolemy & Circuit Co-simulations
Linearity- Two Tone Analysis, IP3, ACPR, & EVM
On-chip Power Combiners & Dividers
Layout & Tiling

3. Transmission Line Theory
Passive Structures used for transmission of Microwave Signals in Microwave Circuits are called Transmission Lines.
Various Forms of Transmission Lines are Microstrip, Strip & Slot Lines, Coplanar Waveguides, Twisted Pair Wire and Coaxial Lines.
Equations governing Voltage and Current Relationship at any point on Transmission Line are called Telegraph Equation.
R Series Resistance of both the conductors per unit length (/m)
L Series Inductance of both the conductors per unit length (H/m)
G Shunt Conductance between two conductors per unit length (S/m)
C Shunt Capacitance between two conductors per unit length (C/m)
z Small section of transmission line (m)
Writing Kirchhoff's Voltage and Current Equations for the L-Section

4. Electrical Parameters of Transmission Line
Kirchhoff's Voltage and Current Equations for the L-Section gets modified for sinusoid nature of voltage and current. Voltage and Current Equations in differential form can be expressed as-
where
is Propagation Constant
Characteristic Impedance
Phase Constant
Attenuation Constant
Phase Velocity
Wavelength

5. Characteristic Impedance of a Line
What is Characteristic Impedance of a Line?
Characteristic Impedance of Line is the load impedance that results in same impedance looking into the line at source as the load.
Characteristic Impedance
Transmission Line
In case of Termination of Line into non-characteristic impedance load, Power gets partially reflected and transmitted at the interface.
If then
Transmission Line1
Transmission Line2
Z=0

6. Incident, Reflected and Transmitted Waveforms
Transmission Line1
Transmission Line2
Z=0
Ratio of Reflected Voltage to Incident Voltage is Reflection Coefficient
Ratio of Transmitted Voltage to Incident Voltage is Transmission Coefficient
Z=0 Z
Voltage Waveform
Current Waveform
Reflected
Waveform
Incident Waveform
Transmitted Waveform

7. Incident Reflected and Transmitted Power
Z=0
Return Loss
Insertion Loss

8. Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
Z=0
Voltage & Current Standing Waves
Constant VSWR Circle

9. Smith Chart
Impedance Smith Chart
Admittance Smith Chart

10. Matching using Lumped Components

11. Modeling using Network Parameters
S- Parameters
Y- Parameters
Z- Parameters
ABCD- Parameters
Port1
Port2
Port1
Port2
T- Network
π- Network

12. Lab2: Smith Chart And Matching
Start Lab Exercise!