1. Renaissance & Reformation Unit

2. Key Vocabulary
Protestant Reformation- The movement of people away from the Catholic Church.
Martin Luther- Catholic monk who had many grievances against the Church, who broke away and created the Lutheran faith.
95 Theses- Written by Martin Luther, they described his grievances with the Church and started the Protestant Reformation.
Edict of Worms- Declared Luther an outlaw and Heretic.
Henry VII- King of England who broke away from the Catholic Church to create the Anglican faith.
Indulgences- Practice of the Catholic Church that allowed people to donate money in exchange for the pardon of sins.

3. Warm Up
What helped ideas spread so quickly during the Renaissance?

4. Essential Question
EQ: What were the social, political, and economic issues that led to the Protestant Reformation? What were the social, political, and economic issues that changed the structure of Christianity?

5. The Printing Press Invented by: Johann Gutenberg in 1440
What was the first thing that he produced on the printing press
Gutenberg Bible in 1455 (first full sized book printed with movable type)

6. How did the printing press affect European society?
Very positively
More copies for everyone by 1500
Over 250 cities had printing press
People were learning to read because books were so accessible

7. How could the arrival of the printing press lead to religious reform?
More people could read and interpret the bible. They became more critical of the Church and its teachings.

8. Assessment Prompt 1
Word Splash: Printing Press

9. Causes of the Reformation
Emphasis was placed on the “individual,” which was not good for Church authority.
The printing press helped spread secular ideas.
Rulers took issue with the Pope trying to control them.
Many Northerners (Germany) were resentful of paying taxes to Rome and that feeling eventually spread.

10. Problems in the Catholic Church
There were many corrupt leaders who spent too much money on personal pleasures, arts and war!
Many leaders of the Church were poorly educated and could not read.
Some leaders even broke the vows they took as priests.

11. So, you can see why people wanted to “reform”
Reformers
John Wyliffe (England) Desiderius Erasmus
Jan Hus (Bohemia) Thomas More
Advocated for Church Greatly Criticized Church
Reform in the late 1300
& early 1400’s

12. Other important Reformers
Martin Luther
Became a Monk in 1505
Taught at the University of Wittenberg (Germany)
Began by taking a stand against Johann Tetzel’s selling of indulgences. (Pardon for Sins)
Johann preached that buying of indulgences was a way to “buy” your way into heaven. It was a way to get more money for the church
Luther wrote his 95 Theses which attacked the ideas of Tetzel
October 31, 1517 it was posted for the first time at the University which he worked and that began the Reformation (Movement for religious reform)

13. Three Main Tenets of Luther’s Teachings
Wanted full reform of the church
Win salvation only by faith in God’s gift of forgiveness
Church teachings clearly based on words of the Bible (Pope and church traditions were false authorities)
All people with faith were equal. No need for priests to interpret Bible

14. Response to Luther
1520
Pope Leo X threatened with excommunication unless “words taken back”. He didn’t take his words back and was excommunicated
1521
Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor) tells Luther to go to “Worms” and stand trial. This set the stage for the Edict of Worms

15. England Becomes Protestant
Henry VIII was the King of England who started off a devout Catholic…But when he didn’t have a male heir he tried to have his marriage to Catherine of Aragon annulled. The Pope refused to do it so he ended the Pope’s power in England.

16. The parliament that passed the ending of the Pope’s power was called the “Reformation Parliament”
Henry VIII eventually passed the Act of Supremacy which granted the King of England the head of England’s Church.

17. Assessment Prompt: Economic Social Political
Use all of the information you have learned up to this point!!!

18. John Calvin Wrote a book, Institute of Christian Religion in 1536
Arrived into Geneva in the 1540’s and started a strict religious community that all people must:
Attend religion classes
Wear no bright clothing
Never play with playing cards
Excommunication, banishment or imprisonment was a punishment for breaking any of the rules

19. Basic Teachings of Calvinism
Men and women were sinful by nature
Humans can NOT earn salvation
Predestination
God has known since the beginning of time who would be saved. (You cannot alter that)

20. Calvin’s ideal government
Theocracy
(Government controlled by Religious leaders)
Supporters of Calvin called
Huguenots

21. What is an Indulgence? An indulgence is a payment to the church for a pardon from the penalty imposed by a priest for committed sins.
Luther
Calvin
Problems with Catholic Church
Indulgences
No concept of predestination
Salvation can’t be earned
Reforms they supported
Denying the pope worldly power
Bible has more authority than church
Eliminating indulgences
Concept of predestination
Theocracy (government controlled by religious leaders
Results of their protests of the Church
Started Protestant Reformation
Formed Lutheran Church
England no longer Catholic
Formed Calvinism
Followers called Calvinists and Huguenots in France

22. Assessment Prompt 3
In your own words, summarize what Calvin’s idea of predestination was.

23. Journal
Answer the EQs: What were the social, political, and economic issues that led to the Protestant Reformation? What were the social, political, and economic issues that changed the structure of Christianity?
Consider the following: What were some of the reasons people left the Roman Catholic Church?