1. SOL Review Unit 9 & 10 (SOL 11 – 13)
World History I

2. SOL 11a/b – Western Hemisphere Civilizations
Identify the provided civilization:
Mayan
Identify the name of this region:
Yucatan Peninsula
Describe the general topography of the Mayan region:
Mountianous (South)
Rainforest (North)

3. SOL 11a/b – Western Hemisphere Civilizations
Identify how the Mayan region was politically organized:
Independent city-states
Who ruled over each city-state?
God-King
Dynasty
Which city represents the Mayan civilization and culture?
Chichen Itza

4. SOL 11 a/b – Western Hemisphere Civilizations
Mayan economy was based on:
trade
agriculture
Mayans constructed ______________ with temples on top as a location for worship.
Were the Mayans polytheistic or monotheistic?
Polytheistic
pyramids

5. SOL 11 a/b – Western Hemisphere Civilizations
Identify the provided civilization:
Aztec
The Aztec capital was constructed upon Lake ________.
Describe the general topography of the Aztec region:
Arid valley
Texcoco

6. SOL 11a/b – Western Hemisphere Civilizations
Identify how the Aztec region was politically organized:
Empire
The Aztec Empire was ruled by a(n):
Emperor
What city represents the Aztec empire?
Tenochtitlan

7. SOL 11a/b – Western Hemisphere Civilizations
Aztec economy was based upon:
agriculture
tribute
The Aztecs adapted to their surroundings and developed an agricultural technique known as ‘floating gardens’ or:
chinampas.
Sacrifice and religious rituals were performed on what type of structure?
Pyramids
Were the Aztecs polytheistic or monotheistic?
polytheistic

8. SOL 11 a/b – Western Hemisphere Civilizations
Identify the provided civilization:
Inca
The Incan civilization was located in the ________ Mountains.
In which continent was this civilization located?
South America
Andes

9. SOL 11 a/b – Western Hemisphere Civilizations
Identify how the Incan region was politically organized:
Empire
The Incas were ruled by a(n):
Emperor
Descendant of Inti
Which city represents the Incan Empire?
Machu Picchu

10. SOL 11 a/b – Western Hemisphere Civilizations
What was the Incan economy based upon?
high-altitude agriculture
Did the Incans follow a monotheistic or polytheistic religion?
Polytheistic
What was the Incans greatest public works project?
Road System

11. SOL 11 a/b – Western Hemisphere Civilizations
Identify the three most important achievements of the Mayan, Aztec, & Incan civilizations:
Calendars
Mathematics
Writing/Record-Keeping Systems

12. SOL 11 – Western Hemisphere Civilizations
The student will demonstrate knowledge of major civilizations of the Western Hemisphere, including the Mayan, Aztec, and Incan by: a) describing geographic relationships, with emphasis on patterns of development in terms of climate and physical features; b) describing cultural patterns and political and economic structures.

13. SOL 12a – Late Medieval Period
Who led the ‘Norman Conquest and united most of England under his rule?
William the Conqueror
Identify the decisive battle of the ‘Norman Conquest’:
Battle of Hastings

14. SOL 12a – Late Medieval Period
Define ‘common law’:
unified law based upon and enforced by precedent (judgment and decree of the courts)
Which monarch was responsible for this reform?
Henry II

15. SOL 12a – Late Medieval Period
Explain the significance of the Magna Carta:
limited the powers of the king
Which English monarch signed the Magna Carta?
King John
Parliament grew in power due to the king’s need for:
taxes
counsel

16. SOL 12a – Late Medieval Period
Which two nations were involved in the Hundred Years’ War?
England
France
Which military leader proved to be a unifying force for France?
Joan of Arc
What was the major impact of the Hundred Years’ War?
Defined England and France as nations

17. SOL 12a – Late Medieval Period
Identify the individual who was the founder of the Capetian Dynasty and established the French capital in Paris:
Hugh Capet
Explain the contribution of this dynasty to the French nation:
expanded control over most of modern day France

18. SOL 12a – Late Medieval Period
Which pair of Spanish monarchs ended the Reconquista, initiated the Spanish Inquisition, expelled the Jews and Moors, and unified Spain?
Ferdinand and Isabella
Identify the Spanish monarch that expanded the Spanish Empire into the Western Hemisphere:
Charles V

19. SOL 12a – Late Medieval Period
Which Russian leader overthrew Mongol rule and expanded the Russian nation?
Ivan the Great
What title was assumed by the successors of Ivan the Great?
Tsar (czar)
Ivan the Great centralized power within the city of _________________.
Identify the religion which influence unification of the Russian state:
Eastern Orthodox
Moscow

20. SOL 12b – Late Medieval Period
The goal of the Crusades was to liberate the city of ___________________.
Identify the Pope who’s speech called for the ‘Holy War’:
Pope Urban II
What political territories were established in the Holy Land and Asia Minor after the 1st Crusade?
Crusader States
Which Muslim leader recaptured the city of Jerusalem?
Saladin
Explain what happened during the 4th Crusade:
Constantinople was sacked by the crusaders
Jerusalem

21. SOL 12b – Late Medieval Period
Identify whether the following groups/individuals were strengthened or weakened by crusades:
Nobles
Monarchs
Pope
Identify the economic effects of the Crusades:
Stimulated trade between Middle East and Mediterranean
True/False:
The Crusades left a legacy of bitterness among Christians, Jews, and Muslims.
True
Which empire was weakened by the Crusades?
Byzantine Empire
weakened
strengthened
weakened

22. SOL 12b – Late Medieval Period
What civilization destroyed cities and countryside as they invaded Russia, China, Central and Southwestern Asia?
Mongols
Identify the founder of the Mongolian Empire:
Genghis Khan
Who conquered and turned Constantinople into their capital in 1453 CE?
Ottoman Turks

23. SOL 12c – Late Medieval Period
What other name is the ‘Black Death’ known by?
Bubonic Plague
Identify the impact of the Black Death:
Decline in population
Scarcity of labor
Towns freed from feudal obligations
Decline of church influence
Disruption of trade

24. SOL 12d – Late Medieval Period
What group was among the very few who could read or write during the Middle Ages?
Clergy (church scholars)
Where would the scholastic clergy work?
Monasteries
Church scholars translated Greek and Arabic works into ____________.
The ability for church scholars to make new knowledge available in philosophy, medicine and science laid the foundations for ___________.
Latin
universities

25. SOL 12 – Late Medieval Period
The student will demonstrate knowledge of social, economic, and political changes and cultural achievements in the late medieval period by a) describing the emergence of nation-states (England, France, Spain, and Russia) and distinctive political developments in each. b) explaining conflicts among Eurasian powers, including the Crusades, the Mongol conquests, and the fall of Constantinople. c) identifying patterns of crisis and recovery related to the Black Death (Bubonic plague). d) explaining the preservation and transfer to Western Europe of Greek, Roman, and Arabic philosophy, medicine, and science.

26. SOL 13a – Early Renaissance
What event increased the European demand for Middle Eastern goods and stimulated the production of European goods for Middle Eastern markets?
Crusades
The increase in trade brought Europe into frequent contact with which two civilizations?
Byzantine Empire
Muslim Empire
Identify the economic techniques introduced to Europe through contact with the Muslim Empire:
Letters of Credit
expanded the supply of money
expedited trade
Banking
Bookkeeping practices
Arabic numerals

27. SOL 13a – Early Renaissance
Define ‘usury’:
charging interest on loans
What institution had a rule against usury?
Church
What effect did this rule have on Northern Italy?
secularizing effect

28. SOL 13b – Early Renaissance
Identify the important cities of the Italian Renaissance:
Florence
Milan
Genoa
Venice
How did these cities benefit from their geographic location?
access to trade routes connecting Europe to the Middle East
Explain how these cities were politically organized:
independent city-states
governed as republics

29. SOL 13b – Early Renaissance
Who is the author of The Prince?
Niccolo Machiavelli
What is the basic premise of this book?
early modern treatise on government, advocating a strong monarchy
Identify the basic principles of the book:
supports absolute power of the ruler
maintains the end justifies the means
one should be good if possible, but do evil when necessary

30. SOL 13c – Early Renaissance
Compare and contrast Medieval and Renaissance art:
Medieval Art:
focus on Church and salvation
Renaissance Art:
Focus on individuals and worldly matters
along with Christianity

31. SOL 13c – Early Renaissance
Identify the artists responsible for the following works:
Leonardo
Michelangelo
Michelangelo
Leonardo

32. SOL 13c – Early Renaissance
Define ‘humanism’:
celebrated the individual
focused on human values & concerns
stimulated the study of classical Greek and Roman art/literature/culture
Who wrote sonnets, scholarly prose, and is considered the ‘Father of Humanism’?
Petrarch
Humanist artists and scholars were financially supported by _______________.
Patrons

33. SOL 13d – Early Renaissance
What aspects increased and aided the spread of Renaissance ideas to Northern Europe?
Trade
Travel
Literacy
Wealth
How were the ideas of the Northern Renaissance different than the Italian Renaissance?
stronger focus on Christianity

34. SOL 13d – Early Renaissance
Who invented the moveable type printing press?
Johann Gutenberg
Identify the first publication of this invention:
Holy Bible
Gutenberg Bible
Why was this invention important to the Renaissance?
facilitated the dissemination of ideas
increased production and sale of books

35. SOL 13d – Early Renaissance
Identify the authors of the following works:
The Praise of Folly (1511 CE):
Erasmus
Utopia (1516 CE):
Sir Thomas More

36. SOL 13 – Early Renaissance
The student will demonstrate knowledge of developments leading to the Renaissance in Europe in terms of its impact on Western civilization by a) identifying the economic foundations of the Italian Renaissance. b) sequencing events related to the rise of Italian city- states and their political development, including Machiavelli’s theory of governing as described in The Prince. c) citing artistic, literary, and philosophical creativity, as contrasted with the medieval period, including Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Petrarch. d) comparing the Italian and the Northern Renaissance, and citing the contributions of writers.