1. Off-Road Equipment Management TSM 262: Spring 2016
INTRODUCTION
Dr Alan C. Hansen
Off-Road Equipment Engineering
Dept of Agricultural and Biological Engineering

2. Structure of Class Introduction Course objectives and topics Lecture 1
Instructor/teaching assistant
Roll call and survey (please return at end of class)
Compass website
Course syllabus and packet
Grading policy
Class attendance
Academic integrity (honesty, trust, respect, fairness, responsibility)
Course objectives and topics
Lecture 1
Mechanization of agriculture
Precision Agriculture
Problem solving

3. Lab Policy and Lab Topics
Safety issues
Some labs split into 1-hour sessions
Proposed lab topics (not fixed and not in order)
Microsoft Excel Review
Problem Solving and Machine Performance
Engine Performance
Tractor/Implement Matching
Planter Evaluation
Chemical Application
Soil Compaction assessment at farm
Auger Performance
Machine Selection and Costing
Technical Sessions

4. Assignments and Exams Homework Quizzes
May be assigned at each lecture
Due for hand-in Monday of following week
Quizzes
May be given approximately once a week
Two one-hour exams and final exam
Lab reports
Technical session

5. Grading Activity Percentage Homework & quizzes 24 Lab reports 28
Hour exams (2)
Final exam
Notes:
-10% penalty for each class period after due hand-in date for homework and lab report assignments.
-Class attendance and participation correlates well with grades!
Read notes in packet about course

6. Important Notes
Academic integrity
Students with disabilities
FERPA

7. Homework and Lab
Homework

8. Course Introduction
Look at functions, performance, costing and selection of a range of agricultural machinery
Want to split up the machine into processes, ie forage harvester

9. Objectives of course Students should be able to:
Explain and analyze the function and performance of key off-road machine systems used in agricultural production
Analyze the costs of machinery systems
Select an optimal set of machinery for a given application
Strong emphasis on problem solving
Machinery management today requires an understanding of the impact of machinery use on the environment, e.g. soil compaction and erosion

10. Topics Machine performance Power production and transmission systems
Crop planting systems
Chemical application systems
Tillage systems
Ag material conveying systems
Harvesting systems
Machine selection, costing and management
GPS and precision agriculture

11. Lecture 1: Objectives Students should be able to:
Apply both US and metric units
Understand the importance of agricultural mechanization and its contribution to society
Understand what is meant by precision agriculture
Understand the scope of OREM

12. Review of Units US to Metric Metric to US
Both US and metric units will be used in this course, but mostly metric
Refer to ASAE standard EP 285.7
Page _____ in Packet
Compass in ASABE Standards folder

13. ASAE Standards EP285.7 Use of SI (Metric) Units Intended as a guide
Rules for usage
Recognition of some non-SI units (°C vs K, L for liter)
Rules for rounding
Table 2: Preferred units for expressing physical quantities (includes conversion factors)
For example, from acre/h to ha/h

14. Machinery Systems Service Tool Tractor Bus Implement Bus
Radar
Wheel
Speed
DGPS
RECEIVER
Enhanced Cab
Display Unit
Display
Tractor
ECU
AUX
EDC
TRCU
PTO
GOV
ARU
ICU
GPS
RS 232
Implement Bus
Tractor/Implement Connector
Diagnostic
Connector
Service Tool
Multi
Channel
Controller
Monitor
Interface
Unit
Implement
Status
Frame
Control
Implement/Implement Connector
Proprietary
Vendor Bus
Application Sensors
Application Meters
Variety Control
Tractor Bus
Terminator
Electronic Controller Unit

15. Greatest Achievements of 20th Century
1. Electrification
2. Automobile
3. Airplane
4. Water Supply and Distribution
5. Electronics
6. Radio and Television
7. Agricultural Mechanization
8. Computers
9. Telephone
10. Air Conditioning and Refrigeration
11. Highways
12. Spacecraft
13. Internet
14. Imaging
15. Household Appliances
16. Health Technologies
17. Petroleum and
Petrochemical Technologies
18. Laser and Fiber Optics
19. Nuclear Technologies
20. High-performance Materials

16. Reasons for Mechanization
Reduction of drudgery
Increase productivity
Farmers and field hands to harvest a crop
farmers several weeks to plant and to harvest a crop to feed 10 people
2000-Entire Midwestern crop is planted in 10 days and harvest in 20 days
One farmer can produce enough food to feed 97 Americans and 32 people in other countries
Reduce peak labor demands
planting or harvesting

17. Example: Ox power vs single axle tractor power
Versus
Weight
Traction Force
Force-Weight
Working Speed
Power
Output
Working
hours/day
Energy
output/day kN N
Ratio
km/h
mph kW MJ
Oxen (x2) 9
700
0.08
3.24
2.03
0.63 6 14
Single-axle
tractor (7.0 kW engine)
2.55
1600 5
3.13
2.22 8 64

18. Timeline- Agricultural Mechanization
1788 – Thomas Jefferson develops the theoretical basis for an improved moldboard plow.
1831 – Cyrus McCormick develops the reaper (Steeles Tavern, VA)
1837 – John Deere invents the self-scouring moldboard plough
1842 – Jerome Increase Case gained recognition as a builder of the steam engine for agricultural use.
1900 – Benjamin Holt develops the gas-powered tractor
1907 – Henry Ford built his first experimental tractor (600 tractors in use)
1911 – Case’s steam engine production peaked when the company produced its first gasoline powered tractor
1915 – Invention of the corn silage harvester
1916 – Production of the Fordson
1925 – Ben Holt merges with Best Tractor to form Caterpillar

19. Timeline- Agricultural Mechanization
1935 – Harry Ferguson develops the hydraulic draft control system
1943 – Rotary threshing
1950s – Theoretical basis for soil mechanics
1950 – 3.4 million tractors in use
s – Theory of soil dynamics of plows and other tillage implements
1956 – ROP’s structures to compensate for injuries
1970’s – Conservation tillage
1980’s – Introduction of E/H systems to tractors
1993 – Military cluster of satellites provides position information for civilian use.
1990’s- Proliferation of electronic controllers on agricultural equipment
???

20. Save labor for other industries
% of the US population lived on farms %
less than 2%

21. Chemical used in US 110 million tons of fertilizer
116 million tons in Europe
Farmers spend $7 billion on pesticide/year
Challenges
Over-application?
Groundwater contamination and EPA

22. Future of agricultural mechanization
Have we reached the limit of our potential or are there opportunities to increase productivity?

23. Summary
Machinery selection and management is becoming more complex with increased technology and greater expectations for production
Agricultural mechanization has played a major role in the development of mankind