1. Ancient Greece
Chapter 4
Sec. 1-4

3. Location Location Location
Greece is at the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula.
Greece is surrounded by the Adriatic Sea in the west and the Aegean Sea in the east.
The coastline is rough and the region is mountainous

5. The soil is rocky and farming is at a subsistence level.
Greeks made a living through sea trade.
Greeks were influenced by other cultures with whom they traded including Phoenicia.

7. Buildings They became started building using Arches
Royal Tomb (Tholos) so-called Treasury of Atreus, c

9. The Lion's (Lioness) Gate, Mycenae, c. 1250

10. City States Greece was a collection of city- states about 800 BC
Each polis developed independently, with its own form of government, laws and customs

11. Infrastructure Polis built around high area, called acropolis
Acropolis used as fortification
It included temples, ceremonial spaces
Agora: public marketplace

13. The Acropolis in Athens

14. Agora

16. Acropolis in the background

17. Sparta
militaristic
Sparta conquered the Messenians, and made them virtual slaves known as Helots

18. Over time the Helots outnumbered the Spartans 8-1.
After a helot uprising, Sparta relied on its military to maintain control.

19. Spartan education began at the age of 7 for both boys and girls
Spartan education began at the age of 7 for both boys and girls. It included tough physical training for both
Men were expected to serve in the army
Women were expected to raise children for the polis.
Spartans valued duty to the polis, strength and discipline above all

21. The Theatre at Sparta, Greece

23. Athens became democratic
Wealthy rulers (aristocrats) and poor farmers struggled for power

24. Direct Democracy rule based on citizen participation
Majority vote decided actions of the city state.
Only male citizens could vote.
Athens 461 B.C. practiced democracy.

28. Persian Wars BC

30. First Invasion
490 B.C.- Persians under Darius and an army of 25,000 attacked the Greeks
The Greeks won victory at Marathon and the Persians withdrew

31. Battle of Marathon

32. Pheidippides
After the Athenians defeated the Persians at the Battle of Marathon the Greeks sent this young runner to go to Athenians to tell the people there to not give up without a fight.
The city was feeling defenseless. The distance was 26 miles and 385 yard. Pheidippides told the Athenians that “Victory is ours” and then collapsed and died.

33. Second Invasion
480 B.C. Persians led by Xerxes invaded by land and sea.
The Persians won a victory at Thermopylae with the help of a Greek traitor.
Greeks won victories on land at Plataea and at sea at Salamis.
Athens was burned, yet survived

35. Salamis

38. Delian League
140 City-states joined together for self defense against a possible Persian attack.
Athens soon came to dominate the rest of the league

41. Golden Age of Athens

42. Peloponnesian War
Many Greeks resented Athens domination of the Delian League splitting Greece.
Sparta and others formed the Peloponnesian League
431 BC war breaks out between the two and lasted 27 years

43. When Spartan troops get to close to Athens, Pericles will move everyone into the walls of Athens
Over crowding leads to the break out of the plague killing thousands including Pericles.

44. Athenian domination ended with the war, but they were still the cultural center.
The city-states will continue to do battle until Macedonia conquers them in 359 BC

45. Socrates Emphasized the idea of Reason Developed the Socratic Method
Instead of writing books he sat in the town square and asked people about their beliefs
Put on trial and found guilty of “corrupting the city’s youth”
Accepting the law he drank hemlock
What we know about Socrates comes from his student Plato

46. Plato Did not trust democracy after death of Socrates
Fled to Athens, upon his return he opened the Academy
Through rational thought people could discover unchanging ethical values, recognize perfect beauty, and learn how best to organize society
Wrote The Republic- describes the ideal society

47. Aristotle Plato’s most famous student
Analyzed all forms of government and found good and bad examples of each
Suspicious of democracy
Favored rule by a single strong and virtuous leader
“Golden Mean”
Politics- Summary of governments and how government should be run